共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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铂族元素在环境和生物样品中的积累及毒性研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
由汽车尾气净化器的安装使用而导致环境中的铂族元素尤其是铂、钯、铑的含量逐渐增长,铂族元素对于生活和生态环境的影响也越来越多受到关注.论述了汽车三元催化剂中铂族元素毒性、铂族元素在环境和生物样品的分布、环境样品中铂族元素的消解、测定方法以及干扰处理方法,总结了多国测定结果并对结果进行了综合评述. 相似文献
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低空白镍铳试金预富集中子活化分子测定地球化学标准物质中的铂族 … 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了镍铳试金预富集中子活化分析测定岩石样品中的铂族元素。纯化捕集剂氧化镍,大大降低了化学分离全流程铂族元素的空白。取样量为50g时,所需溶剂各元素的空白值为(ng/g):Pt〈0.05、Pd〈0.05、Os〈0.01、Ru〈0.05、Rh〈0.05、Ir=0.002。用平面锗探测器测定Rh使测定下限降低了两个数量级。对几种国标地球化学标准物质的测定结果与推荐值基本符合。 相似文献
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研究了用电荷注入检测器等离子体光谱仪测定铂族元素的分析性能。结果表明铂族元素有较好的检出限和10^4以上的线性动态范围,铂族元素间光谱干扰很少,在元素浓度>1mg/L时测量精度可优于1%,钠对铂族元素的影响是轻微的。 相似文献
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碱熔-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定硫铁矿单矿物中的金、银及铂族元素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
<正>单矿物分析在地质样品分析中属于较难解决的问题之一,原因是现成的分析方法少。而单矿物中微量元素的地球化学特征研究又需要矿物成分中微量元素含量的准确测定。铂族元素可以作为一种新的地球化学示踪剂,对岩石学特征和地幔源区的演化提供重要的信息。铂族元素通常采用火试金的方法测定[1-5],需要至少20g以上的样品,而单矿物的样品量通常比较少。这就要求用较少的试样量,不仅提供矿物主成分,而且要测定多种痕量元素,铂族 相似文献
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沉淀分离-密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铬铁矿中铂族元素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了沉淀分离-密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铬铁矿中铂族元素的新方法。采用硫磷混酸溶样(1:2,V/V),以硫酸肼为还原剂,实现了硫脲对包括Os在内的全部铂族元素的沉淀富集,沉淀经密闭溶样技术快速消解后接ICP-MS测定。试验中筛选出HBr来消除Os的记忆效应,并考察了Os在王水介质中的稳定性。结果表明:铂族6个元素的线性相关系数均在0.999以上,对标准物质GBW07292平行测定6次的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在2.7%~8.4%之间,方法检出限(3σ)在0.055~0.21ng/g,采用国家一级标准物质GBW07201,GBW07202,GBW07292进行方法验证,测定值与认定值基本一致。 相似文献
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Vasilyeva AA Yudelevich IG Gindin LM Lanbina TV Shulman RS Kotlarevsky IL Andrievsky VN 《Talanta》1975,22(9):745-749
The extraction of Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, Ru, Ag, Au, Co, Cu, Ni and Fe with n-octylaniline has been investigated. Noble metals are extracted 10(3)-10(4) times better than Cu, Ni, Co and Fe. A method of determination of Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh and Ru is proposed. They are first separated from Cu, Ni, Co and Fe by means of extraction (and then determined, in either the aqueous or organic phase, by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. The atomic absorption of platinum metals (with the exception of Pd) is affected by other elements of the platinum group and by non-noble metals. La(NO(3))(3) and Nd(NO(3))(3) lower the limit of detection for Pt, Rh, Ir and Ru and inhibit the effect of Co, Cu, Ni, Fe, Bi, Zn, Na, etc. on their determination. Lanthanum and neodymium chlorides and sulphates produce a similar effect but only on the determination of Pt and Rh. The coefficient of variation of the determination, in both phases, is within 2-6.8%. 相似文献
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An isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometric (ID-ICP-QMS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the platinum group elements Pt, Pd, Ru, and Ir in environmental samples. Spike solutions, enriched with the isotopes 194Pt, 108Pd, 99Ru, and 191Ir, were used for the isotope dilution step. Interfering elements were eliminated by chromatographic separation using an anion-exchange resin. Samples were dissolved with aqua regia in a high pressure asher. Additional dissolution of possible silicate portions by hydrofluoric acid was usually not necessary. Detection limits of 0.15 ng x g(-1), 0.075 ng x g(-1), and 0.015 ng x g(-1) were achieved for Pt, Pd, Ru, and Ir, respectively, using sample weights of only 0.2 g. The reliability of the ID-ICP-QMS method was demonstrated by analyzing a Canadian geological reference material and by participating in an interlaboratory study for the determination of platinum and palladium in a homogenized road dust sample. Surface soil, sampled at different distances from a highway, showed concentrations in the range of 0.1-87 ng x g(-1). An exponential decrease of the platinum and palladium concentration with increasing distance and a small anthropogenic contribution to the natural background concentration of ruthenium and iridium was found in these samples. 相似文献
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建立锍镍试金-等离子质谱法测定黑色页岩中铂族元素(PGEs)的方法。在不减少称样量的前提下,结合黑色页岩成分特点,调整试金配料,利用硝酸钾的氧化性,解决形成锍扣难的问题;利用四硼酸锂的助融性,使盐酸溶解锍扣后黑色沉淀量大幅度降低,用等离子质谱法测定黑色页岩中铂族元素。PGEs的线性相关系数均不小于0.9995。Pt,Pd,Rh,Ir,Ru的检出限分别为0.30,0.36,0.032,0.028,0.041 ng/g。用该方法测定实际样品,测定值与参考值一致,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.2%~10.6%(n=10)。该方法满足地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范(DZ/T 0130-2006)的要求,可用于黑色页岩中铂族元素的测定。 相似文献
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Platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), and osmiun (Os) are platinum-group elements with similar physic-chemical properties, and have important applications in geochemistry and environmental chemistry. However, due to their low abundance and inhomogeneous distribution in natural ores as well as the nugget effect, the accurate determination of the platinum-group elements has been a challenge for geological analysis. In this work, self-prepared and purified sodium carbonate (NiCO3) instead of commercial nickel oxide (NiO) was used as the fire assay collector in order to greatly reduce the reagent blank and method detection limits. In addition, the fuming time of HClO4 was strictly controlled at 10?min and a high sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ultra-trace Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, and Ir in minerals by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following preconcentration with the nickel sulfide fire assay. Under the optimized conditions, the linear ranges of Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, and Ir were between 0 and 100?ng mL?1, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9997. The detection limits were 0.015, 0.056, 0.014, 0.004, 0.012?ng mL?1 (for 10?g sample) for Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh and Ir, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to analyze Chinese Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) GBW07288, GBW07289, GBW07290, GBW07291, GBW07292, GBW07293, GBW07294, GBW07101, GBW07102 and GBW07201 and the determined values were in good agreement with the certified values. The relative standard deviations (n?=?5) of Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh and Ir were between 3.42% and 6.87% for the determination of GBW07291. 相似文献
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An isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometric (ID-ICP-QMS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the platinum group elements Pt, Pd, Ru, and Ir in environmental samples. Spike solutions, enriched with the isotopes 194Pt, 108Pd, 99Ru, and 191Ir, were used for the isotope dilution step. Interfering elements were eliminated by chromatographic separation using an anion-exchange resin. Samples were dissolved with aqua regia in a high pressure asher. Additional dissolution of possible silicate portions by hydrofluoric acid was usually not necessary. Detection limits of 0.15 ng g–1, 0.075 ng g–1, and 0.015 ng g–1 were achieved for Pt, Pd, Ru, and Ir, respectively, using sample weights of only 0.2 g. The reliability of the ID-ICP-QMS method was demonstrated by analyzing a Canadian geological reference material and by participating in an interlaboratory study for the determination of platinum and palladium in a homogenized road dust sample. Surface soil, sampled at different distances from a highway, showed concentrations in the range of 0.1–87 ng g–1. An exponential decrease of the platinum and palladium concentration with increasing distance and a small anthropogenic contribution to the natural background concentration of ruthenium and iridium was found in these samples. 相似文献
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The six platinum group elements (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt) can be determined in geological samples down to the μg kg?1 level, by using nickel sulphide fire assay and neutron activation of the residue ramaining after dissolution of the nickel sulphide button in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Losses for the platinum group elements during this dissolution step are usually insignificant, except when the elements are present at ultra-trace levels. The can be recovered from the filtrate by coprecipitation with tellerium. The latter approach also permits determination of silver, which is significantly lost in the hydrochloric acid treatment (recovery <98% instead of typically ≈ 10%). The coprecipitation with tellurium considerably improves the results for gold (recovery ≈ 95% instead of typically 75%). 相似文献
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Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma isotope dilution mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–IDMS) was applied to the direct and simultaneous
determination of the platinum group elements (PGEs) Pt, Pd, Ru, and Ir in geological and environmental samples. A special
laser ablation system with high ablation rates was used, along with sector field ICP–MS. Special attention was paid to deriving
the distributions of PGEs in the pulverized samples. IDMS could not be applied to the (mono-isotopic) Rh, but the similar
ablation behavior of Ru and Rh allowed Rh to be simultaneously determined via relative sensitivity coefficients. The laser
ablation process produces hardly any oxide ions (which usually cause interference in PGE analysis with liquid sample injection),
so the ICP–MS can be run in its low mass resolution but high-sensitivity mode. The detection limits obtained for the geological
samples were 0.16 ng g−1, 0.14 ng g−1, 0.08 ng g−1, 0.01 ng g−1 and 0.06 ng g−1 for Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt, respectively. LA–ICP–IDMS was applied to different geological reference materials (TDB-1, WGB-1,
UMT-1, WMG-1, SARM-7) and the road dust reference material BCR-723, which are only certified for some of the PGEs. Comparisons
with certified values as well as with indicative values from the literature demonstrated the validity of the LA–ICP–IDMS method.
The PGE concentrations in subsamples of the road dust reference material correspond to a normal distribution, whereas the
distributions in the geological reference materials TDB-1, WGB-1, UMT-1, WMG-1, and SARM-7 are more complex. For example,
in the case of Ru, a logarithmic normal distribution best fits the analyzed concentrations in TDB-1 subsamples, whereas a
pronounced nugget effect was found for Pt in most geological samples. 相似文献
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The sensitivities for the determination of 19 elements from Z = 44 to Z = 82, by means of 10-MeV proton activation, have been calculated from experimentally measured yields for 51 radioisotopes obtained mainly via (p,n) reactions. For an irradiation of 1 h at a beam current of 1 μA, the sensitivities established experimentally are about 0.02–2 p.p.m. for Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te and I, 0.5–100 p.p.m. for In, W, Re, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl and Pb, and 15–900 p.p m- for Rh and Ba. Experimental results for the non-destructive analysis of these 19 elements in Al, Ag, Au, Co, Dy, Ho, Ir, Nb, Pr, Rh, Si, Ta and Tb, are presented. 相似文献