稳定同位素碳、氮、硫、氢在鸡肉产地溯源中的应用研究

利用同位素比值质谱仪测定了来自北京、山东、湖南、广东4省9个不同地区鸡肉粗蛋白中的δ^13C、δ^15N、δ^34S、δ^2H值和相应各地饮水中的δ^180值。多元方差分析结果表明,δ^13C、δ^15N、δ^34S、δ^2H 4种稳定同位素在不同地区的鸡肉中均有显著差异（p〈0．05）;4参数同时对鸡肉产地的正确判别率达到了100％;各地饮水中的δ^18O值和鸡肉中的δ^2H值呈现显著正相关性（p〈0．01）。碳、氮同位素受饲料、气候等因素的影响,硫同位素依赖于地理位置和产地表面的地质特点。     

用稳定同位素质谱技术检测肉鸡色素的来源

通过分析肉鸡中稳定同位素δ13C值和δ15N值,推断肉鸡色素的来源,证明稳定同位素质谱技术可以作为调查动物饲料来源、追溯动物产品的方法。结果表明:添加色素组,随着色素添加量的增加RCF值显著升高(P<0.05);撤除色素后,各处理间的RCF值差异不显著(P>0.05);鸡肉粗蛋白中δ13C值在撤除色素前后的差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲喂不同含量的玉米组,随着玉米含量的增加,各组的RCF值有显著的差异(P<0.05);当饲料中玉米的含量由10%换成70%时,鸡爪的RCF值大幅度升高(P<0.05),反之,鸡爪的RCF值大幅度降低(P<0.05);鸡肉粗蛋白中δ13C值随着玉米含量的变化呈现显著差异(P<0.05)。另外,添加色素组和饲喂玉米组,当RCF值相同时,鸡肉粗蛋白中δ13C值有显著差异。     

牛组织中稳定性同位素碳、氮随饲料变化的研究

研究了饲料组成不同时,牛不同组织中δ13C和δ15N值的变化规律.将9头12～14月龄的青年牛随机分为3组,分别饲喂C4植物含量为100%、50%、0%的饲料,132 d后屠宰.利用同位素比率质谱仪测定了牛尾毛、脱脂牛肉、粗脂肪、各种饲料的δ13C和δ15N值.结果表明,饲喂同种饲料的牛个体间碳、氮同位素组成随着时间的延长差异减小;牛尾毛、脱脂肌肉、粗脂肪中的δ13C值呈极显著相关性(P＜0.01),并均与C4植物含量呈极显著的相关性(P＜0.01);牛组织中的δ15N值并未随饲料呈现规律性变化.用牛组织中的δ13C值可以预测饲料中C4植物所占的比例,牛尾毛、脱脂肌肉、粗脂肪均可作为牛肉溯源的材料.     

牛奶中碳、氮、氢和氧稳定同位素比的测定及其在产地溯源分析中的应用

应用元素分析-同位素质谱仪(EA-IRMS)和多用途气体制备-连续流稳定同位素质谱仪(GasBench-IRMS)分别测定了来自国内外7个不同国家(澳大利亚、新西兰、西班牙、德国、奥地利、意大利和中国)的83件牛奶样品中碳、氮、氢、氧的稳定同位素比值(δ13 C、δ15 N、δ2 H和δ18 O)。对所测得的数据用SPSS 20.0软件分别进行了方差分析、聚类分析以及牛奶产地的判别分析。从所得结果可见,上述4项稳定同位素比值中的每一项都可获得相关牛奶样品产地来源的若干信息,但还不足以作为相关牛奶样品的溯源地判别的充分依据。而将测试结果进行组合后,对δ13 C、δ15 N和δ2 H三项指标组合交叉检验整体判别正确率达到84.3%,据此采用3项组合指标对牛奶产地进行判别分析,并在此项组合指标的基础上建立了产自7个国家的牛奶的判别模型。对自来这7个不同国家的牛奶盲样进行判别时,可将所测得样品中上述3项稳定同位素的δ值代入所建立的模型中,并比较各模型所得的Y值的大小,其中Y值最大的,即归属于此模型所代表的国家。     

中国生物气中烷烃组分的碳同位素特征及其鉴别标志

我国生物气中烷烃气的碳同位素组成特征是:随生物气中烷烃气分子的碳原子数的增加,δ~(13)C值分布区间,主频率段分布范围均随之缩小,δ~(13)C最轻的和最重的界限值也随之变重;生物气中乙烷的碳同位素和丙烷的碳同位素之间呈线性正相关关系;δ~(13)C_1,δ~(13)C_2和δ~(13)C_3值随重烃气(C_(2+3))含量的增加有变重趋势。文中首次研究了我国生物气的δ~(13)C_1-C_(2+3)(％),δ~(13)C_2-C_(2+3)(％)和δ~(13)C_2-δ~(13)C_3的关系及其相关性回归方程,并指出,δ~(13)C_1<—55‰和C_(2+3)<0.5％是鉴别我国生物气的良好指标,δ~(13)C_2-δ~(13)C_3<-10‰可作为鉴别生物气的一项新指标。     

氧缺位的磁铁矿型化合物转化CO2成C的研究

在高温 (92 3K)下分解 Fe C2 O4制备了阳离子缺位的磁铁矿 (Fe3 O4 δ,0≤δ<1 ) ,并用 H2 还原使它变为氧缺位的磁铁矿 (Fe3 O4-δ,0 <δ<1 )。在 62 3K下研究了氧缺位磁铁矿对 CO2 分解成 C的反应性能 ,发现 CO2 几乎 1 0 0 %地转化成 C,CO2 中的氧以 O2 -形式被磁铁矿的氧缺位捕获 ,变成化学计量的 Fe3 O4。 XRD、M ssbauer谱及热失重和化学分析表明 ,H2 还原磁铁矿的时间愈长 ,缺氧程度愈大 ,分解 CO2 的活性愈高 ,Fe3 O4-δ、FeδO(0 <δ<1 )和 α- Fe是 CO2 分解的活性相。     

“南永1井”礁相碳酸盐C,O,Sr,Pb同位素组成及其古环境意义探讨

“南永1井”礁相碳酸盐的O,C同位素组成可分为四段,它们的δ~(18)O(‰)和δ~(13)C(‰)平均值分别为:(Ⅰ)-5.0,-0.5;(Ⅱ)-7.7,-5.3;(Ⅲ)-6.4,-2.8;(Ⅳ)1.3,2.1.(Ⅱ)段的δ~(18)O值波动曲线以变化频率低、幅度小为特征,与布容期冰期-间冰期存在对应关系;(Ⅲ)和(Ⅳ)段的δ~(18)O和δ~(13)C值之间有正相关,在成因上与白云石化有关。△~(87)Sr和Pb同位素组成同样存在四分的特点。整个钻孔岩芯中△~(87)Sr的最大值和最小值以及全部正值都出现在第Ⅱ段。第Ⅳ段的Pb,sr同位素均呈现变化波动频繁的特点,在白云石化阶段有高μ值的Pb带入。礁相碳酸盐的O,C,Sr和Pb同位素组成记录了南海第四纪古气候、古环境变迁的历史。     

热脱附-单体稳定同位素技术测定挥发性有机物

采用热脱附与稳定同位素质谱联用技术分析了城市不同源及大气环境中挥发性有机物排放的单体同位素特征。系统考察了样品进样量、进样方式和样品分离度对同位素分馏影响情况。使用填有Tenax TA的吸附管采集汽油车尾气、汽油挥发、柴油车尾气、柴油挥发、溶剂挥发和餐饮油烟等污染源,以及城市不同功能区的挥发性有机物(VOCs)样品,不同污染源中挥发性有机物的稳定碳同位素δ13C值不同,97#汽油车尾气的δ13 C值偏重,平均值为-25.84‰,富集13 C;餐饮油烟的δ13 C值偏轻,平均值为-30.26‰。油品挥发比燃烧后以尾气的形式排放的苯系物δ13 C值重。厦门市各功能区挥发性有机物的δ13 C平均范围在-27.03‰~-25.40‰,接近于汽油和柴油挥发及尾气中的δ13 C值,表明厦门市空气中挥发性有机物以机动车排放源为主。     

两个金属铜配位聚合物Cu3(2,2′-bipy)2(C8H4O4)2(C8H5O4)2和Cu(Ⅰ)Cu(Ⅱ)(4,4′-bipy)1.5(C8H4O4)(C8H5O4)混合溶剂热合成及结构与性能研究

在中温混合溶剂热条件下合成了两个金属铜配位聚合物Cu3(2,2′-bipy)2(C8H4O4)2(C8H5O4)2和Cu(Ⅰ)Cu(Ⅱ)(4,4′-bipy)1.5(C8H4O4)(C8H5O4)(bipy=联吡啶,C8H4O4=1,3-间苯二甲酸),并对其进行了单晶结构解析及相关性能表征.配合物Cu3(2,2′-bipy)2(C8H4O4)2(C8H5O4)2(1)晶体属三斜晶系,P1空间群,a=1.03314(4)nm,b=1.08350(3)nm,c=1.15826(4)nm,α=83.104(2)°,β=84.609(2)°,γ=66.125(2)°,Z=1.配合物Cu(Ⅰ)Cu(Ⅱ)(4,4′-bipy)1.5(C8H4O4)(C8H5O4)(2)晶体属三斜晶系,P1空间群,a=1.06979(3)nm,b=1.09209(3)nm,c=1.47887(3)nm,α=91.795(2)°,β=93.2460(10)°,γ=118.6170(10)°,Z=2.通过使用不同的有机碱配体(2,2′-联吡啶和4,4′-联吡啶),并调节不同有机碱配体的用量,得到了结构不同的两个目标晶体产物相.产物均可稳定到3...     

GC–IRMS测定白色块状天然气水合物气体中的碳氢同位素

研究了GC–IRMS联用技术测定烃类气体碳氢稳定同位素的方法。利用气相色谱仪将烃类气体各组分分开,通过高温燃烧/裂解转化为CO2和H2,然后导入MAT–253稳定同位素质谱仪进行测试。用该方法测试的标准甲烷气体碳、氢同位素值和其标定值一致,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.222‰和0.950‰。用该法测定了广东沿海珠江口盆地东部海域首次钻获的高纯度天然气水合物样品所释放的烃类气体碳氢稳定同位素值,其中δ13C为–69.78‰(VPDB),δD为–184.4‰(VSMOW)。GC–IRMS法精确度高,可用范围广,适用于海洋天然气水合物样品所释放烃类气体碳氢同位素的测定。     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Homo- and copolymerizaton of norbornene and norbornene derivative with Ni- and Pd-based β-ketoiminato complexes and MAO

Neutral nickel(II) and palladium(II) complexes bearing β-ketoiminato ligand have been synthesized. The two complexes have been investigated as catalyst for the polymerization. Using methylaluminoxane (MAO) as a cocatalyst, both complexes produce vinyl-addition polynorbornenes, but palladium(II) complex displays much higher activity up to 8.0 × 10⁷ g/(molPd h). Furthermore, both Ni(II) and Pd(II)/MAO system can efficiently copolymerize norbornene and 5-norbornene-2-yl acetate (NB-OCOMe) in moderate yields and in relatively high molecular weights. The analyses of the product by FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra give the verification of vinyl addition copolymer. The copolymers show narrow molecular weight distribution and good solubility in common organic solvents.