手性Mn(Ⅲ)-Salen配合物催化的2-芳基环烷醇的高对映选择性氧化动力学拆分

本文发展了一种通过氧化动力学拆分获得光学活性2-芳基环烷醇的方法:该体系以N-溴代丁二酰亚胺为氧化剂,简单易得的手性Mn(Ⅲ)-salen配合物(0.5 mol%)为催化剂.该方法底物适用性广、具有高度的立体控制且易于进行克级规模的反应,为光学活性2-芳基环烷醇类化合物的合成提供了一种高效、实用的方法.     

手性Salen-Co(Ⅱ)配合物催化芳香酮不对称还原反应研究

目前 ,以廉价的氢气为氢源 ,由潜手性的酮不对称加氢是制备手性醇最好的方法之一 [1] .但存在手性催化剂的膦配体不稳定以及贵金属 ( Ru、Rh)的流失等问题 .硼氢化钠是一种较温和的氢化试剂 ,Mukaiyama等用具有 C2 对称轴的一系列光学活性的二亚胺钴配合物催化硼氢化钠不对称还原芳香酮 ,实现了以硼氢化钠为氢源的不对称氢化反应 [2 ] .手性 Salen是一种用途广泛的配体 ,已用在不对称催化环氧化 [3 ]、环丙烷化 [4]、杂 Diels- Alder反应 [5]及环氧化合物的水解动力学拆分 [6]、仲醇动力学拆分[7] 等反应中 ,并显示出很好的不对称诱导效…     

醇-胺直接脱氢及氧化脱氢偶联酰胺化反应

醇-胺(氨)直接脱氢及氧化脱氢偶联生成酰胺具有原子经济性高和对环境友好等优点,因而受到广泛关注。研究发现,一些过渡金属钌及铑配合物、负载金及银纳米粒子、氧化锰分子筛(OMS-2)以及基于铜、铁化合物的催化体系在醇-胺(氨)直接脱氢或氧化脱氢偶联生成酰胺反应中显示出优良的催化性能。本文首先介绍了PNN-钌、NHC-钌配合物、铑配合物以及负载银原子簇催化的醇-胺(氨)直接脱氢偶联生成酰胺反应的研究进展,然后对负载纳米金粒子、氧化锰分子筛(OMS-2)以及基于铜、铁化合物的催化体系催化的不同氧化剂,包括分子氧、叔丁基过氧化氢以及分子碘氧化的氧化酰胺化反应进行了总结。对各催化剂或催化体系的适用范围和优缺点进行了分析,阐述了主要催化剂或催化体系的催化机理。此外,还对无过渡金属参与的醇-胺氧化酰胺化反应体系进行概述。最后,在总结现有成果的基础上指出了该领域的发展方向。     

氧络锰(Ⅳ)卟啉与烯烃反应的研究

单加氧酶细胞色素P-450在生物体中温和条件下活化分子氧,选择性地催化氧化碳氢化合物,其活性中间体可能是氧络铁原卟啉Ix的配合物。锰卟啉配合物也在温和条件下活化分子氧,选择性地催化氧化碳氢化合物,其活性中间体也可能是氧络锰卟啉配合物,是细胞色素P-450的很好的模型体系。目前人们已用一系列的氧化剂,诸如氧化碘苯(PhIO)、NaOCl、KHSO_5、RCOOOH、HCIO_4和HIO_4将三价的锰卟啉氧化为氧络锰卟啉。本实验     

离子液体功能化手性salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物不对称催化仲醇氧化动力学拆分反应

采用共价键联法,将亲水性咪唑类离子液体结构引入手性salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物的C5位,制备了离子液体功能化手性salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物.傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外光谱和旋光分析等结果表明,咪唑类离子液体结构已嫁接到手性salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物结构中,且嫁接过程未破坏催化活性中心.在以PhI(OAc)2为氧化剂,H2O/CH2Cl2为溶剂的(+/-)-α-甲基苯甲醇不对称氧化动力学拆分反应中,该催化剂表现出比传统手性salen Mn(Ⅲ)催化剂更高的催化活性,仲醇的转化率达到63%以上,对映选择性为99%,拆分效率为18.3%.可通过调变溶剂实现催化剂的分离并重复使用3次以上.实验结果表明,亲水性咪唑离子液体可改善水相反应传质问题且有利于稳定催化活性中间体,从而提高催化活性及稳定性.     

光学活性氰醇的合成研究进展

光学活性氰醇是合成大量医药、农药产品的重要中间体。本文介绍了通过生物或化学催化剂进行外消旋底物的拆分或前手性底物的不对称化来制备光学活性氰醇的方法,重点讨论了有较大发展前景的有机溶剂中脂肪酶催化氰醇酯的动力学拆分的方法。     

硅胶固载聚4-乙烯吡啶-Cu(Ⅱ)配合物催化分子氧氧化乙苯的性能研究

以固载于微米级硅胶表面的聚4-乙烯吡啶-铜(Ⅱ)配合物(P4VP-Cu(Ⅱ)/SiO2)为催化剂,以分子氧为氧化剂,在常压下实施了将乙苯氧化为苯乙酮的催化氧化反应;用红外光谱、紫外光谱及液相色谱对产物的化学结构进行了表征;重点研究了催化剂的催化性能,以及各种条件(温度、催化剂性质、催化剂用量等)对催化氧化反应的影响;并分析了催化氧化反应的机理.研究结果表明,固载于硅胶表面的聚4-乙烯吡啶-Cu(Ⅱ)配合物能有效地活化分子氧,显著地催化氧化乙苯为苯乙酮的反应过程;该催化剂具有优良的催化活性与选择性,于130℃常压下通氧气反应10h,可使约60%的乙苯转化为苯乙酮,另一氧化产物α-甲基苄醇的含量则极少.另外,该催化剂具有较好的重复使用稳定性.     

过渡金属卟啉催化分子氧氧化环己烯性能研究

研究了meso-四(对羟基苯基)卟啉过渡金属配合物(THPPM,M=CoⅡ,MnⅡ)催化分子氧氧化环己烯的反应。结果表明,在反应温度为70℃时,THPPCoⅡ催化分子氧氧化环己烯的转化率达到90%,产物主要是2-环己烯-1-酮(70%)和2-环己烯-1-醇(26%),并考察了反应温度、时间及加入吡啶对环己烯转化率和产物选择性的影响,探讨了THPPCoⅡ催化分子氧氧化反应机理。     

聚金属卟啉配合物膜催化氧化环己烯性能研究

以聚卟啉金属配合物PMTPP(M=Co(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ))为催化剂催化分子氧氧化环己烯,氧化产物以2-环己烯-1-醇(1)、2-环己烯-1-酮(2)和7-氧杂二环[4.1.0]环己烷(3)为主。配合物PCo(Ⅱ)TPP具有最好的催化活性,对影响该配合物活性的因素研究发现,反应温度在70℃,反应时间为8 h时,环己烯的转化率可达到90%,且产物1的选择性可达54%,催化剂使用3次后活性没有明显下降。在此基础上,还探讨了配合物PCo(Ⅱ)TPP氧化环己烯的可能反应机理,初步认为氧化反应的过程是链式自由基反应。     

手性膦过渡金属配合物催化不对称交叉偶联反应的研究

自1973年Consiglio和Botteghi首次报道用(一)-DIOP的NiCl_2配合物催化芳基或乙烯基卤代物与仲烷基卤化镁交叉偶联生成光学活性的偶联产物以来,化学家们对不对称交叉偶联反应进行了深入研究。Hayashi等用手性二茂铁膦和手性β-氨基烷基膦的NiCl_2和PdCl_2配合物催化1-苯基乙基氯化     

Axially chiral NHC-Pd(II) complexes in the oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols using molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant

[reaction: see text] Axially chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) Pd(II) complexes were prepared from optically active 1,1'-binaphthalenyl-2,2'-diamine (BINAM) and H8-BINAM and applied in the oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols using molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant. The corresponding sec-alcohols can be obtained in good yields with moderate to good enantioselectivities.     

Preparation of novel axially chiral NHC–Pd(II) complexes and their application in oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols

Novel axially chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) Pd(II) complexes were prepared from optically active 1,1′‐binaphthalenyl‐2,2′‐diamine (BINAM) and H₈‐BINAM and their crystal structures were unambiguously determined by X‐ray diffraction. These chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) Pd(II) complexes were applied in the oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols using molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant or under aerobic conditions, affording the corresponding sec‐alcohols in good yields with moderate to good enantioselectivities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An enantiopure galactose oxidase model: synthesis of chiral amino alcohols through oxidative kinetic resolution catalyzed by a chiral copper complex

An enantiopure galactose oxidase (GO) enzyme model has been synthesized from readily available (R)-BINAM and Cu(OTf)₂, and the enantiopure GO model has been effectively used in situ as an efficient chiral catalyst for the synthesis of chiral amino alcohols through oxidative kinetic resolution (OKR), where molecular oxygen is used as the sole oxidant. Under the proposed catalytic conditions, both ortho- and para-substituted amino alcohols were resolved with good to excellent enantiomeric excesses through oxidative kinetic resolution.     

Vanadium-catalyzed asymmetric oxidation of alpha-hydroxy esters using molecular oxygen as stoichiometric oxidant

A vanadium-catalyzed method for the oxidative kinetic resolution of alpha-hydroxyesters, using oxygen as the terminal oxidant, is described. The catalyst is generated in situ from vanadium(V) tri-iso-propoxyoxide in combination with a tridentate ligand derived from 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde and (S)-tert-leucinol. The reaction allows for the enantioselective synthesis of both aromatic and aliphatic secondary alcohols, including those containing olefins and alkynes.     

Palladium catalysts for aerobic oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols based on mechanistic insight

The oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols has been accomplished using 1:1 complexes of PdCl(2) and N-heterocyclic carbenes. In these reactions, both achiral and chiral carbene ligands are used in conjunction with the chiral base (-)-sparteine. A general synthesis of 1:1 PdCl(2)-carbene complexes has been developed and is amenable to a wide range of carbene ligands. The potential of these complexes in aerobic oxidations is highlighted by the use of a chiral Pd(II) complex and the chiral base (-)-sparteine to enhance the kinetic resolution of a racemic alcohol. [reaction--see text]     

Ligand-assisted rate acceleration in transacylation by a yttrium-salen complex. Demonstration of a conceptually new strategy for metal-catalyzed kinetic resolution of alcohols

[reaction: see text]. Yttrium-salen complexes effect transacylation between enolesters and chiral secondary alcohols, resulting in varying degrees of kinetic resolution. Even though the enantioselectivity remains modest (k(fast)/k(slow) up to 4.81), these results represent the first demonstration of a conceptually new metal-catalyzed acyl transfer process that results in kinetic resolution. On the basis of the solid-state structure of the catalyst, a novel associative mechanistic pathway is proposed for the reaction.     

Dual role of (-)-sparteine in the palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols

The mechanistic details of the palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols have been elucidated. (-)-Sparteine was found to have a dual role as a chiral ligand and an exogenous base. Saturation kinetics were observed for the dependence on (-)-sparteine concentration. A first-order dependence on [alcohol] and [catalyst] as well as inhibition by addition of (-)-sparteine HCl were observed. These results are consistent with rate-limiting deprotonation under low (-)-sparteine concentrations and rate-limiting beta-hydride elimination using saturating (-)-sparteine concentrations. This conclusion is further supported by a kinetic isotope effect of 1.31 +/- 0.04 under saturation. The enantioselectivity events are also controlled by addition of (-)-sparteine in which high concentrations afford a more selective kinetic resolution.     

Enantioselective oxidation of racemic secondary alcohols catalyzed by chiral Mn(III)-salen complexes with N-bromosuccinimide as a powerful oxidant

We demonstrate an efficient enantioselective oxidation of secondary alcohols catalyzed by Mn(III)-salen complex using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as the oxidant. The new protocol is very efficient for the oxidative kinetic resolution of a variety of secondary alcohols, including ortho-substituted benzylic alcohols.     

Efficient dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols by a chemoenzymatic system using bifunctional iridium complexes with C-N chelate amido ligands

The combined catalyst system of bifunctional amidoiridium complexes derived from benzylic amines with CALB was found to provide a range of chiral acetates from racemic secondary alcohols in excellent yields with nearly perfect enantioselectivities via dynamic kinetic resolution.     

A chiral Mn(III) salen complex immobilized onto ionic liquid modified mesoporous silica for oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols

A supported ionic liquid strategy has been applied for the immobilization of a chiral Mn(III) salen complex onto ionic liquid modified mesoporous silica SBA-15. The immobilized catalyst demonstrated high enantioselectivity and activity in the oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols, and could be recycled five times without obvious loss of activity.