QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽毛发中5种违禁药物残留

毛发样品采用0.5%乙酸-乙腈提取,经45℃水浴震荡2 h,通过QuEChERS（PLS-A/PSA）分散净化,Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq色谱柱（3.0 mm×100 mm, 1.8μm）分离,正离子扫描,电喷雾串联质谱多反应监测模式测定,内标法定量。5种违禁药物在0.2～20μg/L范围内线性关系良好（R²>0.997）,阿奇霉素和地西泮检出限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为0.1μg/kg和0.2μg/kg,氯霉素、金刚烷胺和利巴韦林检出限和定量限分别为0.2μg/kg和0.5μg/kg,回收率范围为84.8%～119.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于10%。本方法适用于畜禽毛发中5种违禁药物的定性定量分析,可实现对养殖过程的质量安全监管。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪血浆中的12种利尿剂

建立了在猪血浆中同时检测乙酰唑胺、坎利酮、氯噻酮、呋塞米等12种利尿剂的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品经乙腈提取，提取液通过固相萃取柱净化，净化后的样品溶液氮吹浓缩复溶后上机测定。采用C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.0 mm, 3μm),以0.5 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱。通过多反应检测(MRM),在正负离子模式下进行分析，基质匹配外标法定量。结果表明，12种利尿剂药物在2～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.999。方法检出限为0.6～1.2μg/L,定量限为2.0～4.0μg/L。在2、10、100μg/L(4-氨基-6-氯-1,3苯二磺酰胺为4、20、200μg/L)3个添加水平下的平均回收率为72.1%～95.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.0%～8.4%。该方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性好等优点，可用于同时检测猪血浆中的12种利尿剂。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定养殖水和沉积物中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定养殖水和沉积物中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物(隐性孔雀石绿和隐色结晶紫)的多残留分析方法。沉积物样品真空冷冻干燥,乙腈和二氯甲烷提取,MCX固相萃取小柱净化;养殖水试样真空冷冻干燥,50%乙腈-水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)溶解残渣,离心过膜,上机检测。经BEH C18色谱柱分离,梯度洗脱,多反应监测正离子模式下进行定量和定性分析。采用内标法定量,药物含量在0.50~50μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.99;以3倍和10倍信噪比计算出养殖水的检测限和定量限为10~25 ng/L和25~50 ng/L,沉积物的检测限和定量限为0.020~0.025μg/kg和0.04~0.05μg/kg;平均回收率为85.2%~105.6%,相对标准偏差小于12%。方法已用于实际养殖水和沉积物样品中违禁药物的测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时检测化妆品中38种限用着色剂

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中颜料红4等38种限用着色剂的检测方法。样品经四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙酸铵水溶液混合溶剂超声提取后,经离心、氮吹和复溶,于Agilent zorbax SB-Aq色谱柱(150 mm×3.0 mm,3.5μm)上进行反相液相色谱分离,以乙腈和含0.075%(v/v)甲酸的30 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。选择254、416、484、514、590和620 nm作为检测波长进行定量分析。结果表明:在1~10 mg/L的质量浓度范围内,38种限用着色剂的色谱峰面积与质量浓度呈线性相关,相关系数(r)大于0.999,LOQ值为5~50μg/g。在100μg/g和500μg/g两个加标水平下,各目标化合物回收率均在93.2%~107.6%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%(n=6)。该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,适合于化妆品中限用着色剂的定性与定量检测。     

HPLC同时测定血浆中的7种局部麻醉剂

利用高效液相色谱建立一种用于同时检测人血浆中利多卡因、甲哌卡因、丙美卡因、丁氧卡因、布比卡因、丁卡因、地布卡因7种局部麻醉剂浓度的分析方法。血浆经乙醇直接沉淀蛋白质后,取上清液进样分析。采用C18色谱柱(Thermo Acclaim 120,250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以5 mmol/L乙酸铵甲醇溶液和0.05%(V/V)甲酸-5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为210,225,235和245 nm。7种麻醉剂浓度在0.05～10 mg/L浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2 0.999),定量限(LOQ)为13～71μg/L,平均加标回收率为90.0%～105.9%,RSD低于9%。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中19种氨基甲酸酯类农药

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)快速测定土壤中的19种氨基甲酸酯农药残留。土壤样品用含1%乙酸的乙腈溶液(V/V)提取后,经Qu ECh ERS方法纯化处理,过0.22μm滤膜,以乙腈和含0.1%甲酸的5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相,经Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,多级反应监测(M RM)正离子模式下扫描分析。结果表明,19种氨基甲酸酯农药在0.5~200μg/L范围呈良好线性,线性相关系数均大于0.99,定量限为2.0~10.0μg/kg。样品在定量限1倍、2倍和10倍3个加标水平下的平均回收率为75.4%~94.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.5%~15%。方法可用于土壤中19种氨基甲酸酯农药的检测分析。     

离心式微固相萃取与液相色谱-质谱联用测定生物样品中新型合成大麻素

建立了离心式微固相萃取与液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)联用，同步测定尿样和血样中5种新型合成大麻素的分析方法。尿样和血样稀释后在离心条件下通过C18离心式固相萃取柱，甲醇洗脱后LC-MS检测。结果显示，尿液基质中，5种合成大麻素在0.1～10μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数(R²)大于0.994，检出限(LODs)为0.01～0.02μg/L，定量限(LOQs)为0.05～0.08μg/L。全血基质中，5种合成大麻素在0.5～10μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好，R²大于0.992, LODs为0.05～0.15μg/L, LOQs为0.18～0.50μg/L。在尿样和全血中分别添加0.5, 2, 10μg/L 3个浓度水平的合成大麻素，回收率分别为81.9%～108.3%和75.0%～95.5%，相对标准偏差(RSDs)低于10%。该方法可以满足生物样品中新型合成大麻素的分析需求。     

RP-HPLC法测定QOA的含量及有关物质

建立了测定QOA含量及有关物质的RP-HPLC方法。采用Sepax C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈与体积分数0.1%乙酸水溶液(体积比为10:90),流速1.0 m L/min,检测波长241 nm,进样体积为20μL。QOA质量色谱峰与其相邻杂质峰能完全分离,QOA质量浓度在0.5~50μg/m L范围内呈良好的线性关系(A=48387ρ-736.4,γ=0.9999),检出限为10 ng/m L(S/N≥3)。方法 RSD为0.45%,重复性试验RSD为0.37%,稳定性试验RSD为0.21%。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定青贮牧草中23种农药残留

采用改进的QuEchERS前处理方法结合超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS），建立了青贮皇竹草中23种农药残留的检测方法。样品经超纯水浸泡，1%甲酸乙腈提取，无水MgSO4、乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷（PSA）、十八烷基硅烷（C18）和石墨化炭黑（GCB）基质分散净化，Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱分离，电喷雾串联质谱多反应监测（MRM）模式测定。23种农药在0.5～20μg/L范围内线性关系良好（R2>0.9986），检出限为0.002～0.1μg/kg，定量限为0.005～0.2μg/kg。在0.5, 1, 5μg/kg 3个添加浓度水平下，回收率在76.2%～105.9%，相对标准偏差（RSD）在2.3%～11%。该方法适用于青贮皇竹草中23种农药的定性定量分析。     

液相色谱-串联质谱同时监测猪尿中10种违禁药物

建立了简单、灵敏、可靠的液相色谱-串联质谱测定猪尿中玉米赤霉醇及其类似物、氯霉素、五氯苯酚等10种违禁物质的分析方法。猪尿样品分别采用冻干法和Qu ECh ERS法前处理,乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液作为流动相,梯度洗脱,分析物经Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱分离,在电喷雾负离子模式下,采用四极杆质谱仪进行多反应监测分析。在实验浓度范围内,10种分析物基质匹配标准曲线线性良好,相关系数(R2)均大于0.99;在5、10及20μg/L添加浓度水平,两种前处理方法所得10种分析物的回收率分别为80.7%~107.7%和73.5%~103.3%,相对标准偏差均低于15%,检出限和定量限分别为0.1~2.0μg/L和0.2~5.0μg/L。本方法可满足生猪体内多种违禁物质的快速筛查监测要求。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.