停流流动注射-动力学方法多组份同时测定的研究——铁(Ⅱ)、钛(Ⅲ)和钒(Ⅳ)的同时测定

依据诱导反应原理,提出了同时测定多组份的动力学方法,并以停流流动注射分析研究了Fe(Ⅱ)、Ti(Ⅲ)及V(Ⅳ)诱导的Cr(Ⅵ)-I~-反应体系,建立了铁、钛和钒同时测定的条件。对铁、钛和钒测定的线性范围分别为0～2.2μg/ml,0～3.1μg/ml及0～1.8μg/ml,检测限分别为0.012,0.020和0.018μg/ml。     

金属离子对动力学反应的协同诱导效应及在多组分分析中的应用

研究铁(II)和锑(III)对Cr2O7^2^--I^-动力学反应体系的协同诱导效应, 提出协同诱导系数的概念。将此系数引入前述停流FIA-动力学双组分同时测定方法中,有效地补偿了由于双组分间协同效应而引起的对吸光度加合性的偏离, 同时线性测定范围亦显著扩大, 从而为动力学体系中多组分的测定提供了一种有效的方法。测定了废水、合成样品及标准样品中铁和锑的含量, 结果满意。     

桑色素荧光猝灭法测定水中微量锑

在B-R缓冲液中,微量Sb(III)对桑色素的荧光具有明显的猝灭作用,据此建立了测定微量Sb(III)的新方法。当最大激发波长与发射波长分别为417 nm和496 nm时,Sb(III)的质量浓度在0.004~0.06μg/mL范围内与桑色素荧光强度的猝灭值ΔF呈线性关系,其检出限为9.80×10-4μg/mL。对0.02μg/mL Sb(III)进行12次平行测定,相对标准偏差为0.31%。方法可用于不同环境水样中微量Sb(III)的测定,回收率在98.4%~103.6%之间。     

普鲁士蓝分光光度法测定头孢氨苄

建立了用K3[Fe(CN)6]—Fe(III)体系分光光度法测定头孢氨苄的方法。在0.25 mol/L Na OH溶液中,头孢氨苄在80℃降解为巯基化合物。巯基化合物中的巯基能将Fe(III)还原为Fe(II),Fe(II)与K3[Fe(CN)6]生成可溶性的普鲁士蓝,通过测定生成的普鲁士蓝的吸光度,间接测定了头孢氨苄的含量。头孢氨苄质量浓度在0.08~8.10μg/m L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,线性回归方程A=0.0203+0.2408ρ(μg/m L),相关系数R=0.9993.摩尔吸光系数ε=8.80×104L/(mol·cm)。相对标准偏差RSD为1.1%(n=11),检出限为10 ng/m L。方法可用于头孢氨苄胶囊含量的测定。     

普鲁士蓝光度法测定药物中乙酰半胱氨酸含量

利用乙酰半胱氨酸分子中的巯基(-SH)可将Fe(III)还原为Fe(II),Fe(II)与K3[Fe(CN)6]反应生成在720 nm处有最大吸收的可溶性普鲁士蓝KFe[Fe(CN)6],通过测定普鲁士蓝的吸光度,可间接测定乙酰半胱氨酸的含量,从而建立了准确、快速测定乙酰半胱氨酸含量的新方法。乙酰半胱氨酸质量浓度在0.6560~6.560μg·m L-1范围内与A呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为A=0.00940+0.0803 C(μg·m L-1),线性相关系数r=0.9996,表观摩尔吸收系数ε=1.1×104L/(mol·cm)。方法用于实际药品中乙酰半胱氨酸的含量测定,结果与药典法(高效液相色谱法)一致。     

停流—诱导动力学光度法同时测定微量铁和钒的研究

本文首次提出并讨论了停流-诱导动力学光度法同时测定双元素的基本原理,研究了Fe~(2+)、VO~(2+)诱导的Cr(Ⅵ)-Ⅰ~--淀粉氧化还原体系,提出了一种同时测定微量铁、钒的动力学新方法。确定了测定的最佳条件;本法测定Fe、V的线性范围分别为0～1.2μg/ml和0～1.8μg/ml,检测限为0.012μg/ml和0.018μg/ml。     

人工神经网络催化动力学光度法同时测定铁和锑

Fe(Ⅱ)和Sb(Ⅲ）对Cr(Ⅵ）-I^-都具有诱导效应,可以利用I2-淀粉的反应分别进行动力学分析。实验观察到,两者共存时对Cr（Ⅵ）-I^-反应的诱导具有协同效应。根据这一现象,在590nm波长下测定不同时间(温度)时协同诱导体系的吸光度,利用人工神经网络处理非线性体系的优势进行数据处理,建立了人工神经网络催化动力学光度法同时测定铁和锑的新方法。该法用于合成样品和土壤样品中铁和锑的同时测定,获得了满意的结果。     

用1-亚硝基-2-萘酚修饰的微晶蒽分离富集与测定环境水中钴

建立了微晶蒽分离富集环境水样中痕量Co(II)的方法。在pH3.0条件下,1-亚硝基-2-萘酚与Co(II)形成红棕色螯合物被微晶蒽定量吸附,能使Co(II)与Pb(II)、Ni(II)、Mn(II)、Cu(II)、Cd(II)、Zn(II)、Fe(III)、Cr(III)、Al(III)等常见离子分离。本法富集倍数达100倍,检出限为0.14μg/L,回收率97.5%～105%,已应用于不同水样中Co(II)的测定。     

含二胺基-锑配体的高自旋亚铁配合物:合成、表征及其与有机叠氮和重氮化合物的反应

通过PhSbCl_2与2 equiv.2-(N-锂-N-(2',6'-二氯苯基)胺基)苯基锂的反应合成了二(2-(N-(2',6'-二氯苯基)胺基)苯基)苯基锑[H_2(~(dcp)N_2Sb)].利用H_2(~(dcp)N_2Sb)与[Fe(N(SiMe_3)_2)_2]_2的胺消除反应合成得到二胺基-锑配位的亚铁配合物[(κ~3-N,N,Sb~(dcp)N_2Sb)Fe(THF)](1).配合物1为首例高自旋型有机锑-铁配合物.配合物1与有机叠氮化合物RN_3[R=dcp(2,6-Cl_2C_6H_3)],Dipp(2,6-~iPr_2C_6H_3))反应生成二胺基-锑亚胺配位的亚铁配合物[(κ~3-N,N,N-~(dcp)N_2SbN~R)Fe(py)](R=dcp,2;R=Dipp,3).配合物1与重氮化合物反应生成二胺基-锑叶立德配位的亚铁配合物[(κ~3-N,N,C-~(dcp)N_2Sb C~(R1,R2))Fe(PMe_3)](R~1=H,R~2=CO_2Bu~t,4;R~1=Ph,R~2=CO_2Et,5).锑配体H_2(~(dcp)N_2Sb)和配合物1～5经元素分析、~1H NMR、溶液相磁化率、单晶X射线衍射等进行了表征.     

对喷式氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法同时测定烟叶中痕量砷和锑

提出了一种提高氢化物生成效率的新方法——对喷式氢化物发生(HG)原子荧光光谱法(AFS),并同时测定烟叶中痕量砷和锑。样品和还原剂(KBH4)从相对的方向高速喷出在近雾化状态下发生反应生成氢化物。同常规HG-AFS相比,灵敏度提高了15倍。在最优的实验条件下,砷和锑的检出限分别为6.3ng/L和19.2ng/L;相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.2%和1.8%;线性范围为0.019~3.2μg/L(As)和0·058~9.6μg/L(Sb)。本方法成功地用于测定烟叶中痕量砷和锑,回收率为92%~106%。     

The mutual catalytic effect in kinetic reactions and its application to simultaneous determination of binary components

The mutual catalytic effect between iron(II) and antimony(III) on the chromium(VI)-iodide kinetic reactions has been studied by stopped-flow FIA. The concept of mutual catalytic coefficient is defined. The deviations from additive principles of absorbance within certain concentration ranges in previous procedures can be compensated effectively, by introducing the mutual catalytic coefficient into the simultaneous determination of a binary mixture with stopped-flow-FIA method. The linear concentration ranges have been enlarged, 0–3.5 g/ml Fe(II) and 0–3.7 g/ml Sb(III) compared with 0–1.2 g/ml Fe(II) and 0–2.0 g/ml Sb(III) without use of the coefficient. Iron and antimony contents in wastewater, a simulated sample and a zinc standard were determined, the recoveries and relative standard deviations being, respectively, 99.8–101.3% and 2.7–3.6% for iron and 95.4–100.3% and 2.3–5.3% for antimony compared with 95.2–98% and 3.0–4% for iron and 96–104% and 4.5–4.8% for antimony, assuming additivity.     

Simultaneous determination of uranium(IV) and iron(II) with a stopped-flow inductive kinetic spectrophotometric method

A kinetic method for simultaneous determination of multielements is proposed, and a procedure for simultaneous determination of uranium(VI) and iron(II) is established based on their inductive effect on the chromium(VI)-iodide redox reaction in weak acidic medium. The reaction was monitored with the stopped-flow spectrophotometric technique by using I ₃ ^– -starch complex as indicator. The calibration graphs are linear for 0–3.6 g.cm^–3 U(IV), and 0–2.5 g.cm^–3 Fe(II), respectively. Most foreign ions, except for V(IV), Sb(III), do not interfere with the determination.     

Simultaneous kinetic determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) based on their reactions with NQT4S in micellar media by using PLS and PCR methods

Simultaneous determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) was studied using partial least squares regression (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) methods. The models were based on the difference observed in the rates of the complex formation of iron in its two oxidation states with 1,2-naphthaquinone-2-thiosemicarbazone-4-sulphonic acid (NQT4S) at pH 4.0 in cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) as micellar media. The results showed that simultaneous determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) could be performed in their concentration ranges of 0.10-2.10 and 0.25-2.25 μg/ml, respectively. The models used can proceed the data with low percent relative error of prediction (i.e. <5.5%). The procedure was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in some environmental samples. The method would allow the transformation of the two oxidation states of iron to be monitored overtime in a water sample.     

Simultaneous determination of trace arsenic(III), antimony(III), total arsenic and antimony in Chinese medicinal herbs by hydride generation-double channel atomic fluorescence spectrometry

A new method was developed for simultaneous determination of trace arsenic and antimony in Chinese herbal medicines by hydride generation-double channel atomic fluorescence spectrometry with a Soxhlet extraction system and an n-octanol-water extraction system, respectively. The effects of analytical conditions on the fluorescence intensity were investigated and optimized. A water-dissolving and methanol-water-dissolving capability were compared. The contents of different species in five Chinese herbal medicines and their decoctions were analyzed. The concentration ratios of n-octanol-soluble As or Sb to water-soluble As or Sb were related to the kinds of medicine and the acidity of the decoction. Soxhlet extraction was found to be an effective method for plants pretreatment for determination of arsenic and antimony species in Chinese herbs; the interferences of coexisting ions were evaluated. The proposed method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity and high speed, with 3σ detection limits of 0.094 μg g⁻¹ for As(III), 0.056 μg g⁻¹ for total As, 0.063 μg g⁻¹ for Sb(III) and 0.019 μg g⁻¹ for total Sb in a 1.0 g of the sample.     

Simultaneous speciation of inorganic arsenic and antimony in water samples by hydride generation-double channel atomic fluorescence spectrometry with on-line solid-phase extraction using single-walled carbon nanotubes micro-column

A new method was developed for the simultaneous speciation of inorganic arsenic and antimony in water by on-line solid-phase extraction coupled with hydride generation-double channel atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-DC-AFS). The speciation scheme involved the on-line formation and retention of the ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate complexes of As(III) and Sb(III) on a single-walled carbon nanotubes packed micro-column, followed by on-line elution and simultaneous detection of As(III) and Sb(III) by HG-DC-AFS; the total As and total Sb were determined by the same protocol after As(V) and Sb(V) were reduced by thiourea, with As(V) and Sb(V) concentrations obtained by subtraction. Various experimental parameters affecting the on-line solid-phase extraction and determination of the analytes species have been investigated in detail. With 180 s preconcentration time, the enrichment factors were found to be 25.4 for As(III) and 24.6 for Sb(III), with the limits of detection (LODs) of 3.8 ng L^− 1 for As(III) and 2.1 ng L^− 1 for Sb(III). The precisions (RSD) for five replicate measurements of 0.5 μg L⁻¹ of As(III) and 0.2 μg L⁻¹ of Sb(III) were 4.2 and 4.8%, respectively. The developed method was validated by the analysis of standard reference materials (NIST SRM 1640a), and was applied to the speciation of inorganic As and Sb in natural water samples.     

Simultaneous determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) by kinetic spectrophotometric H-point standard addition method

The H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) for simultaneous determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) is described. The method is based on the difference in the rate of complex formation of iron in two different oxidation states with Gallic acid (GA) at pH 5. Fe(II) and Fe(III) can be determined in the range of 0.02–4.50 μg ml⁻¹ and 0.05–5.00 μg ml⁻¹, respectively, with satisfactory accuracy and precision in the presence of other metal ions, which rapidly form complexes with GA under working conditions. The proposed method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in several environmental and synthetic samples with different concentration ratios of Fe(II) and Fe(III).     

Determination of Antimony(III) and Total Antimony in Aqueous Samples by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry After Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction (DLLME)

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) was proposed for determination of antimony(III) and total antimony at very low concentrations in water samples. The N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA) was used as a chelating agent, and chloroform and ethanol were used as extraction and disperser solvents, respectively. The effect of various experimental parameters on the extraction and determination was investigated. The detection limits (3σ) were 0.005 μg L^?1 for Sb(III) and 0.008 μg L^?1 for total Sb. The developed method was applied successfully to the determination of Sb(III) and total Sb in natural water samples.     

Development of analytical method for determination of Sb(V), Sb(III) and TMSb(V) in occupationally exposed human urine samples by HPLC-HG-AFS

In the present paper, we develop a methodology for antimony speciation in occupationally exposed human urine samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-HG-AFS). The methodology was applied to the determination of Sb(V), Sb(III) and (CH₃)₃SbCl₂ (TMSb(V)). Retention time of Sb(V), Sb(III) and TMSb(V) species were 0.88, 2.00 and 3.61 and the detection limits were 0.18, 0.19 and 0.12 μg L^− 1, for 100 μL loop injection respectively which is considered useful for elevated/occupationally exposed urine samples. Studies on the stability of antimony species in urine samples on the function of the elapsed time of preservation (4 °C) and storage (− 70 °C) were performed. Results revealed that antimony species are highly unstable at − 70 °C, probably due to co-precipitation reaction. In this kind of matrix transformation during preservation time may occur, such as oxidation of Sb(III) to Sb(V) and transformation into species that do not elute from the column. EDTA shows that it is able to stabilize Sb(III) for more than one week of preservation time at 4 °C avoiding co-precipitation during storage at − 70 °C. Finally the methodology was applied to occupationally exposed human urine samples. 25% of specimens present antimony levels (Sb(V)) of more than 5 μg L^− 1.     

Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of Fe(II) in the presence of Fe(III) by H-point standard addition method in mixed micellar medium

The H-point standard addition method was applied to kinetic data for simultaneous determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) or selective determination of Fe(II) in the presence of Fe(III). The method is based on the difference in the rate of complex formation between iron in two different oxidation states and methylthymol blue (MTB) at pH 3.5 in mixed cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Triton X-100 micellar medium. Fe(II) can be determined in the range 0.25-2.5 microg ml(-1) with satisfactory accuracy and precision in the presence of excess Fe(III) and other metal ions that rapidly form complexes with MTB under working condition. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) or selective determination of Fe(II) in the presence of Fe(III) in spiked real environmental and synthetic samples with complex composition.