超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大鼠血浆中的磷酸西他列汀

建立了大鼠血浆中磷酸西他列汀含量检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。以大鼠空白血浆为基质,通过添加标准品的方法配制含磷酸西他列汀和内标物氟西汀的样品,选用甲醇为沉淀剂,经离心除去血浆中的蛋白质,上清液用于目标物的检测。采用Thermo Hypersil Gold C18柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.9 μm)为分析柱,Phenomenex Security Guard C18(4 mm×3.0 mm)为预柱,以乙腈和0.05%(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为200 μL/min, 5 min内实现了快速分离。采用电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,选择反应监测(SRM)模式检测,确定了磷酸西他列汀和氟西汀的监测离子对分别为m/z 408.0→235.0和m/z 310.0→148.0,用基质匹配标准溶液法进行定量。结果表明: 大鼠血浆中磷酸西他列汀的质量浓度在1～1000 μg/L范围内时线性关系良好(r=0.9991),检出限(信噪比为3)为0.2 μg/L;其平均回收率为85%～115%;日内及日间的相对标准偏差(RSDs)均小于15%,满足生物样品检测的要求。将该方法初步用于大鼠静脉注射后的血浆样品中磷酸西他列汀的检测。该方法快速、灵敏度高、操作简便、重现性好,能够用于磷酸西他列汀药代动力学等方面的研究。     

酸化沉淀蛋白-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定肝损伤大鼠血浆中的头孢呋辛

为了研究二代头孢类新药头孢呋辛赖氨酸在肝损伤大鼠体内的药代动力学过程,建立了采用超快速液相色谱-串联质谱(UFLC-MS/MS)快速测定肝损伤模型大鼠血浆中头孢呋辛含量的方法。血浆样品在酸性条件下用乙腈沉淀蛋白,采用Shim-pack XR-ODS色谱柱(75 mm×3.0 mm, 2.2 μm)为分析柱、乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(40:60, v/v)为流动相、流速为400 μL/min进行色谱分离,采用电喷雾负离子(ESI~)模式电离、多反应监测(MRM)模式进行质谱检测,用于定量分析的离子对分别为m/z 423.2→206.8 (头孢呋辛)和m/z 454.1→238.4 (内标头孢噻肟)。结果表明,大鼠血浆中头孢呋辛的质量浓度在0.01～1 mg/L和1～400 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r＞0.99),定量限为0.01 mg/L,日内和日间精密度(以相对标准偏差(RSD)计)均小于11.5%,准确度(RE)为~7.1%～2.2%,平均萃取回收率大于83.5%,样品运行时间仅为3.0 min,能够满足生物样品的测定需求。该法简便、快速,已用于肝损伤大鼠静脉注射头孢呋辛赖氨酸的药代动力学预实验研究。     

高效液相色谱-质谱法测定比格犬血浆中的艾普拉唑及其药代动力学

运用高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS)技术,建立了快速、简单、灵敏的比格犬静脉滴注艾普拉唑钠盐后血药浓度的检测方法。血浆样品采用蛋白沉淀法,以丁螺环酮作为内标,色谱柱为Teknokroma Kromasil C18(100 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm),流动相为水-甲醇-乙腈(69:8:23, v/v/v)(含0.1%的甲酸),流速0.2 mL/min,采用电喷雾(ESI)离子源以正离子方式检测。绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,并采用DAS 2.0计算药代动力学参数。方法学实验结果表明内源性杂质不干扰艾普拉唑和内标的测定,线性范围为5～10000 μg/L (r=0.994),最低定量限为5 μg/L,精密度和准确度均符合生物样品测定的要求。低、中、高3个浓度的绝对回收率在106%左右,基质效应小于142.0%,表明该方法适合比格犬血浆中艾普拉唑浓度的测定及药代动力学研究。比格犬静脉滴注艾普拉唑钠盐3个剂量(0.2 mg/kg、0.8 mg/kg和3.2 mg/kg)后的药-时曲线下面积(AUC(0~∞))分别为(2.4×104±3×103)、(8.8×104±1.6×104)和(5.4×105±8×104) μg/L•min,呈线性药物代谢动力学过程。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定血浆和尿液中马桑亭和马桑宁

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用技术测定血浆和尿液中马桑中毒标志物马桑亭和马桑宁的方法。血浆和尿液样品经固相支持液液萃取法提取净化后，溶于15%（v/v）甲醇水溶液中，以Cortecs C₁₈色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.6 μm）作为分析柱进行分离，电喷雾负离子多反应监测（MRM）模式下检测，以氟苯尼考作为内标物，基质工作曲线内标法定量。血浆和尿液中马桑亭和马桑宁的平均加标回收率为86.2%~110%，相对标准偏差为5.1%~14.6%（n=6），血浆中马桑亭和马桑宁的检出限（S/N=3）分别为0.01 μg/L和0.1 μg/L，尿液中马桑亭和马桑宁的检出限分别为0.03 μg/L和0.3 μg/L。本法简单、灵敏、准确，可用于血浆和尿液中马桑亭和马桑宁的中毒检测。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱技术检测鸡肉中6种抗球虫药物

建立了鸡肉中二硝托胺、尼卡巴嗪、地克珠利、妥曲珠利、莫能菌素及盐霉素6种抗球虫药物的超高效液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱多残留检测方法。经QuEChERS样品净化,首先使用含有1%(v/v)三氯乙酸的乙腈-水(3 : 7, v/v)溶液提取样品中的被测物,再加入氯化钠,使用50 mg/mL N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)+50 mg/mL中性氧化铝(Alumina-N)的混合分散固相萃取(dispersive solid phase extraction, DSPE)粉末净化提取,过0.22 μ m滤膜后以超高效液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱检测。选择Waters Acquity UPLC^® BEH C8色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μ m),以甲醇-5 mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。使用正、负离子同时扫描模式,基质外标法定量。研究表明,6种目标化合物的线性范围为:二硝托胺,1.0~30.0 μ g/L;尼卡巴嗪,0.2~6.0 μ g/L;地克珠利、妥曲珠利,2.0~60.0 μ g/L;莫能菌素、盐霉素,4.0~120.0 μ g/L。空白样品中添加低、中、高3个水平的混合标准溶液,回收率在67.7%~126.8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤10.4%。6种抗球虫药物的定量限分别为:二硝托胺,2.50 μ g/kg;尼卡巴嗪,0.50 μ g/kg;地克珠利、妥曲珠利,5.00 μ g/kg;莫能菌素、盐霉素,20.00 μ g/kg。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,且能够满足日常检测要求。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时测定美术颜料中33种游离态初级芳香胺

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水粉画颜料、油画颜料、丙烯画颜料等美术颜料中33种初级芳香胺(PAAs)的检测方法。样品中的初级芳香胺用乙腈提取,经离心分离、氮吹浓缩后,以甲醇-水(1:9, v/v)定容至2 mL, 0.22 μm膜过滤后上机检测。采用BEH Phenyl柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm),以含0.07%(v/v)甲酸的甲醇溶液-水(1:9, v/v)为流动相,梯度洗脱分离,UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,同位素内标法定量。方法优化了色谱分离条件、质谱碎裂电压、碰撞能量等,并考察了提取时间、提取溶剂、浓缩方式等对回收率的影响。33种初级芳香胺的方法检出限为5~50 μg/kg,定量限为15~150 μg/kg, 3种不同基质样品在3个添加水平的平均回收率为70.1%~115.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%~15%。本方法操作简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高,能满足相关测定的要求。     

柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定茶叶中乙撑硫脲的残留

建立了茶叶中乙撑硫脲残留的柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱检测方法。样品采用乙腈提取,提取液经QuEChERS基质分散固相萃取净化后采用9-芴基甲基氯甲酸酯（FMOC-CL）柱前衍生;衍生溶液经BEH-C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.0 mm,1.7 μm）分离后进入串联四极杆质谱仪检测,采用同位素内标法定量;流动相为0.1%（v/v）甲酸-乙腈。该方法对茶叶样品检出限为1.3 μg/kg,定量限为4.2 μg/kg;加标回收率在97.7%~107.5%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）在2.1%~10.0%之间;在1.0~203.4 μg/L范围内线性回归系数r为0.9993。该方法灵敏度高,重现性好,定性定量准确,可有效满足对茶叶中乙撑硫脲残留检测的要求。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法直接测定黄酒和葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯

建立了超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)直接测定黄酒和葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯含量的方法。黄酒和葡萄酒样品经蒸馏水简单稀释后,过0.22 μm微孔滤膜,直接进行UPLC-MS/MS分析检测。以Waters Acquity UPLCTMBEH C18色谱柱为分析柱,乙腈和0.1%(v/v)乙酸水溶液为流动相,采用电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,以氨基甲酸丁酯(BC)作为内标进行定量。结果表明: 方法在2～500 μg/L的范围内线性关系良好(相关系数大于0.995),其对黄酒和葡萄酒的检出限为1.7 μg/L,定量限为5.0 μg/L,可达到黄酒和葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的检测要求。当添加水平为10、20和100 μg/L时,黄酒和葡萄酒中待测组分的回收率为90%～102%,日内精密度(n=6)为0.8%～4.5%,日间精密度(n=6)为1.4%～5.6%。该方法样品处理简单,前处理过程不使用有机溶剂,测定快速、准确,灵敏度高,非常适合黄酒和葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的快速检测和定量分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食品级聚苯乙烯和聚乙烯色母粒中33种初级芳香胺

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定食品级聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚乙烯(PE)色母粒中33种初级芳香胺(PAAs)的检测方法。PS色母粒用二氯甲烷溶解,超声提取后加入甲醇沉淀,并将提取液过石墨化碳固相萃取柱净化;PE色母粒用二氯甲烷超声溶胀提取;将PS色母粒过柱液和PE色母粒提取液浓缩,浓缩液用甲醇-水(1:9, v/v)定容至2 mL, 0.22 μm膜过滤后上机检测。采用BEH Phenyl色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm),以0.07%(v/v)甲酸甲醇溶液-水(1:9, v/v)为流动相,梯度洗脱分离,UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,同位素内标法定量。优化了色谱分离条件、质谱碎裂电压、碰撞能量等,并考察了提取时间、提取溶剂、浓缩方式等对回收率的影响。33种PAAs的方法检出限为6~10 μg/kg,定量限为20~30 μg/kg, 2种不同基质样品在20、100、200 μg/kg等3个添加水平的平均回收率为61.3%~119.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%~14.8%。本方法操作简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高,能满足相关测定要求。     

茶叶中氟虫腈等8种农药残留的液相色谱-串联质谱法测定及不确定度评定

建立了茶叶中氟虫腈、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻嗪酮、三唑酮、三唑醇、丙溴磷、哒螨酮共8种农药残留的液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。样品用丙酮-二氯甲烷(1:1, v/v)混合溶剂加速溶剂提取,经石墨化炭黑/氨基(Carb/NH2)固相萃取小柱净化,采用Hypersil Gold C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm)分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,以电喷雾电离(ESI)、多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,采用基质标准曲线同位素内标法(吡虫啉、啶虫脒)或外标法(其余6种农药)定量。氟虫腈在1～100 μg/L、其余7种农药在5～200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法的定量限(信噪比大于10)为氟虫腈2 μg/kg、其余7种农药10 μg/kg。氟虫腈在2、5、50 μg/kg、其余7种农药在10、50、100 μg/kg加标水平下的回收率为75.5%～115.0%,相对标准偏差为2.7%～7.7%。另外,按照JJF 1059-1999《测定不确定度评定与表示》中的有关规定,从标准溶液、样品称量、标准曲线、样品定容、仪器测定重复性、样品前处理等方面对测定结果的不确定度来源进行了评定。评定结果显示,测定结果的不确定度主要源于样品前处理、标准曲线及仪器测定的重复性。该方法的提取效果好、净化较彻底,灵敏度满足国外限量标准的要求,适合出口茶叶中农药残留的测定。     

液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定人血浆中的艾芬地尔

建立了测定人血浆中艾芬地尔的液相色谱-串联质谱方法。血浆样品用乙酸乙酯液-液提取后,以甲醇-6 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(pH 7.40)(体积比为90∶10)为流动相进行分离。在Q TRAPTM串联质谱仪上,以选择性反应离子监测(SRM)方式进行定量分析,用于监测的离子为m/z 326.1→308.2 (艾芬地尔)和m/z 531.0→82.1 (酮康唑,内标)。在6 min内完成了艾芬地尔的检测,工作曲线的线性范围为0.25～50 μg/L,日内、日间精密度分别小于2.7%和6.5%,平均回收率为101.3%～105.0%,检测限为0.08 μg/L。本方法灵敏度高,特异性好,可以用于临床试验的血浆样品的检测。     

Selective and sensitive determination of bis(7)-tacrine, a high erythrocyte binding acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

The current study aims to develop a specific and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determination of bis(7)-tacrine (B7T) in rat plasma. A 100 microL plasma sample was extracted with ethyl acetate. B7T and the internal standard (IS), pimozide, in the samples were then analyzed with LC-MS/MS in positive electrospray ionization condition. Chromatographic separation of B7T and IS was achieved in a C(18) reversed-phase HPLC column (150 x 2.1 mm i.d.) by isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of 0.05% formic acid in water and acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. Multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was employed to measure the ion transitions: m/z 247 to 197 for B7T and m/z 462 to m/z 328 for IS, respectively. The method was linear over the studied ranges of 100-5000 and 10-100 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day variations of the analysis were less than 6.8% with standard errors less than 9.0%. The detection limit of B7T in rat plasma was 1 ng/mL. The developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of B7T after intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg B7T and further proved to be readily utilized for determination of B7T in rat plasma samples.     

Quantitative LC/MS/MS method and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of vitexin rhamnoside, a bioactive constituent on cardiovascular system from hawthorn

A simple and accurate liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for determination and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of vitexin rhamnoside in rat plasma. After protein precipitation using methanol, the analytes were separated by a Luna C(18) column with an isocratic elution and analyzed by mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective negative ion at m/z 577.2-293.0 for vitexin rhamnoside and m/z 593.2-413.0 for internal standard (IS) vitexin glucoside. The method was validated systematically within the concentration range 5-5000 microg/L (R > 0.996) and the lower limit of quantitation was 5 microg/L. Acceptable precision and accuracy were acquired for concentrations over the standard curve range. It was further applied to assess pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of vitexin rhamnoside after intravenous and oral administration to rats. The oral bioavailability of vitexin rhamnoside was only 3.57%, which indicated that vitexin rhamnoside had poor absorption or underwent extensive first-pass metabolism. Practical utility of this new LC/MS/MS method was confirmed in pilot pharmacokinetic studies in rats following both intravenous and oral administration.     

Determination of azasetron hydrochloride in rabbit plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and its application

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of azasetron hydrochloride in rabbit plasma was developed. After addition of doxapram hydrochloride as internal standard (IS), protein precipitation by 10% trichloroacetic acid was used as sample preparation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax SB-C(18) (2.1 × 50 mm, 3.5 μm) column with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase with gradient elution. An electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in positive ion mode; multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to quantification using target fragment ions m/z 349.9 → 223.5 for azasetron hydrochloride and m/z 378.9 → 291.8 for the IS. Calibration plots were linear over the range of 6-1000 ng/mL for azasetron hydrochloride in plasma. The lower limit of quantitation for azasetron hydrochloride was 6 ng/mL. The mean recovery of azasetron hydrochloride from plasma was in the range 85.6-92.7%. The RSDs of intra-day and inter-day precision were both less than 12%. This method is simple and sensitive enough to be used in pharmacokinetic research for determination of azasetron hydrochloride in rabbit plasma.     

纳米纤维固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定血浆中的5-羟色胺

基于纳米纤维的富集作用,建立了血浆中5-羟色胺(5-HT)的柱前衍生高效液相色谱-电化学检测(HPLC-ECD)分析方法.用10%(v/v)高氯酸溶液沉淀血浆蛋白,离心后取上清液,用0.1 mol/L 的四苯硼酸钠溶液调节pH值至8.5,加入衍生剂邻苯二甲醛溶液于30 ℃衍生4 min,经纳米纤维固相萃取柱净化富集后,...     

Determination and pharmacokinetics of manidipine in human plasma by HPLC/ESIMS

A sensitive HPLC/ESIMS method was established for the determination of manidipine in human plasma and pharmacokinetics study. After basified plasma with ammonia, manidipine and the internal standard (IS) (felodipine) were extracted with n-hexane and separated on a Hypersil ODS2 column with a mobile phase of methanol-5 mm ammonium acetate solution containing 0.1% acetic acid (85:15, v/v). MS determination was performed by electrospray ionization in the selected ion monitoring mode. Manidipine was monitored at m/z 611.4 and IS at m/z 384. The assay had a calibration range from 0.2 to 20 ng/mL and a lower limit of quantification of 0.1 ng/mL. The method has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers.     

Rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of ziprasidone in human plasma

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of ziprasidone (ZIP) in human plasma was developed. ZIP and N-methyl ziprasidone as internal standard (IS) were extracted from alkalinized plasma using tert- butyl methyl ether. Separation was performed isocratically on a C8 column with 90% acetonitrile containing 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate as a mobile phase with a total run time of 2.5 min. MS/MS transitions of m/z 413 --> 194 and m/z 427 --> 177 of the analyte and internal standard were used for quantification. Confirmatory ions of m/z 413 --> 177 and m/z 427 --> 180 were collected as well. The calibration curve based on peak-area ratio was linear up to at least 200 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL. The method showed satisfactory reproducibility with a coefficient of variation of less than 5%. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of ZIP in spiked human plasma.     

Determination of 20 alpha-hydroxy-9 beta,10 alpha-pregna-4,6-dien-3-one in plasma by selected ion monitoring

A selected ion monitoring (SIM) method has been devised for the determination of metabolites of dydrogesterone, 20 alpha-hydroxy-9 beta,10 alpha-pregna-4,6-dien-3-one (DHD) and DHD glucuronide, in plasma. Using testosterone as an internal standard (IS), DHD and IS were extracted with n-hexane and were purified by means of magnesium oxide column chromatography. The purified DHD and IS were converted to their diheptafluorobutyryl derivatives (DHD diHFB and testosterone diHFB) with heptafluorobutyric anhydride in acetone for analysis by SIM. SIM was carried out with a 2% OV-17 column (1 m) at 230 degrees C by monitoring the molecular ions of the derivatives (m/z 706 for DHD diHFB, m/z 680 for testosterone diHFB). DHD was determined from a calibration curve using a peak area method. The determination limit of the devised method was about 5 ng DHD per ml of plasma and the reproducibility was within +/- 6% of the coefficient of variation for 30 ng of DHD per ml of plasma or above.