新型树枝状桥联镍配合物的合成及催化烯烃齐聚性能

合成了一种N,N-二齿配位的新型树枝状桥联吡啶亚胺配体及其镍配合物,利用元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)对其结构进行了表征.以二氯乙基铝(Et Al Cl2)为助催化剂,考察了树枝状桥联镍配合物催化乙烯齐聚和1-戊烯齐聚的聚合条件对产物分布的影响.结果表明,当聚合时间为60 min,聚合压力为0.5 MPa,Al/Ni摩尔比为150时,乙烯齐聚产物中C10~C14的选择性最高,达到93%,催化活性为0.99×106g/(mol Ni·h);当聚合时间为60 min,Al/Ni摩尔比为300时,1-戊烯齐聚产物中C20的选择性最高为70.5%,催化活性为2.47×105g/(mol Ni·h).该树枝状桥联镍配合物对乙烯齐聚反应和1-戊烯齐聚反应均具有良好的催化活性和较高碳数的齐聚产物选择性.     

树状PAMAM改性纳米二氧化硅负载镍催化剂的制备及催化乙烯齐聚性能

以纳米二氧化硅为载体,树状聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)镍络合物为催化活性中心,通过共价负载制备了一种具有良好催化活性和循环利用性的PAMAM改性纳米二氧化硅负载镍催化剂(化合物G).采用元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了化合物G的组成及形貌.研究了该类负载镍催化剂催化乙烯齐聚的性能,考察了齐聚条件对其性能的影响.结果表明,化合物G具有良好的催化乙烯齐聚活性和循环利用性.基于灰色关联分析得出反应压力是影响乙烯齐聚活性的最主要因素,反应温度是影响乙烯齐聚选择性的最主要因素.当以甲基铝氧烷(MAO)为助催化剂,反应压力0.7 MPa, n(Al)/n(Ni)为500,反应温度为35℃,主催化剂用量为5μmol时,化合物G催化乙烯齐聚活性为3.75×105 g/(mol Ni·h),齐聚产物中C4～C8烯烃选择性为94.98%.化合物G的树状效应使其金属负载量、催化乙烯齐聚活性和C8烯烃的选择性均高于氨基化改性纳米二氧化硅负载镍(化合物E);且化合物G经3次回收循环使用后,催化乙烯齐聚活性为3.12×105 g/(mol Ni·h),齐...     

吡啶-三唑金属配合物的合成及其在乙烯聚合反应中的催化性能

以苄氯、吡啶炔和叠氮化钠为原料,在铜(Ⅰ)催化下,通过Click反应制得新型配体1-苄基-4-邻吡啶基-1,2,3-三唑(1);1分别与无水Fe Cl2,Co Cl2或Ni Br2獉DME反应合成了3个新型的吡啶基三唑金属配合物(2~4),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和元素分析表征。考察了2~4对乙烯聚合反应的催化性能。结果表明:以甲基铝氧烷(MAO)为助催化剂,4具有最高的催化活性,在温度为20℃,Al/Ni为2 500条件下,催化活性达8.8×105g·mol-1·h-1。     

树枝状钴催化剂的合成及催化乙烯齐聚性能

以1,8-辛二胺为核的1.0代(1.0G)树枝状分子、水杨醛和六水氯化钴为原料,依次通过席夫碱反应和配位反应合成了一种新型树枝状水杨醛亚胺配体和钴催化剂;并对目标产物进行FT-IR、UV、1H NMR和MS表征,证实其合成产物的结构与理论结构相符。考察了助催化剂种类、溶剂种类、反应条件及金属活性中心对乙烯齐聚性能的影响。结果表明,当以一氯二乙基铝(Et2Al Cl)为助催化剂、甲苯为溶剂时,催化剂具有良好的催化乙烯齐聚性能,并在反应温度为25℃、Al/Co摩尔比为1500、压力为1.0MPa、时间为0.5h时,催化活性达到6.84×10~5g/(mol Co·h),齐聚产物中C_8及C_8以上的烯烃含量为52.77%。     

硅烷基Schiff碱共价修饰纳米二氧化硅负载过渡金属催化乙烯齐聚性能

将3种水杨醛Schiff亚胺配合过渡金属（Si-Schiff-M,M=Ni,Co,Cr）通过共价键接枝到纳米二氧化硅,制备了3种硅烷基Schiff碱共价修饰纳米二氧化硅负载过渡金属催化剂（Si-Schiff-SiO₂-M）,并对其催化乙烯齐聚性能进行了研究;采用元素分析、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和电感耦合等离子色谱表征了3种Si-Schiff-SiO₂-M的结构和形貌。以甲基铝氧烷（MAO）为助催化剂,研究了反应条件及催化活性中心种类对3种Si-Schiff-SiO₂-M催化乙烯齐聚产物性能的影响。结果表明,当Si-Schiff-SiO₂-M用量为7 μmol, n（Al）/n（M）（M=Cr,Ni,Co）为500,反应温度为35 ℃,反应压力为0.5 MPa和反应时间为30 min时, Si-Schiff-SiO₂-Cr、Si-Schiff-SiO₂-Ni和Si-Schiff-SiO₂-Co催化乙烯齐聚活性分别为1.92×10⁵ g/（mol Cr·h）、2.17×10⁵ g/（mol Ni·h）和2.07×10⁵ g/（mol Co·h）,且3种催化剂催化乙烯齐聚产物主要是C4和C6烯烃。Si-Schiff-SiO₂-M由于载体的限域效应,其催化乙烯齐聚活性低于相应的均相催化剂（Si-Schiff-M）,但产物分布较均相催化剂窄。Si-Schiff-SiO₂-M具有良好的循环利用性,3次循环使用后,3种负载型催化剂催化乙烯齐聚活性分别为1.39×10⁵ g/（mol Cr·h）、1.68×10⁵ g/（mol Ni·h）和1.42×10⁵ g/（mol Co·h）。     

芳氧基锆系催化剂催化乙烯齐聚与Friedel-Crafts烷基化的串联反应

从锆系催化剂的结构修饰出发,合成了一系列具有Zr(OAr)nCl4-n·m Ar OH(n=1~4,m=0~7)结构的芳氧基锆系催化剂,并研究了锆酚配比及游离Ar OH含量等对乙烯齐聚行为的影响.结果表明,Zr(OPh)3Cl·m Ph OH/TEA/Et Al Cl2催化体系具有较高的齐聚催化活性[6.8×104g/(mol Zr·h)],所得产物主要为C4~C24的α-烯烃,无高聚物生成.研究发现,游离酚的存在对体系的催化性能有较大影响.该系列芳氧基锆系催化剂可催化乙烯齐聚与Friedel-Crafts烷基化的串联反应,即齐聚反应产物α-烯烃与甲苯溶剂发生烷基化反应而生成多取代芳香烃,压力越大烷基化反应程度越高.     

树枝状吡啶亚胺铬催化剂的合成及其催化性能研究

以1. 0代聚酰胺-胺树枝状大分子为配体骨架、吡啶二甲醛为原料,合成了一种新型树枝状吡啶亚胺(DPI)配体,再以CrCl_3·6H_2O为络合试剂,制备DPI-Cr催化剂。采用IR、UV-Vis、MS、元素分析等确证了产物结构。考察溶剂种类、助催化剂种类、反应温度、乙烯压力以及Al/Cr摩尔比对DPI-Cr催化乙烯齐聚性能的影响。结果表明,DPI-Cr催化剂表现出良好的催化活性和烯烃选择性,优化反应条件下,催化效率可达4. 91×10~4g/mol Cr·h,C_6和C_8选择性为73. 90%。     

α-二亚胺镍(Ⅱ)催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合

以4种不同结构的α-二亚胺镍(Ⅱ)催化剂[(t-Bu)—N CH—CH N—(t-Bu)]NiBr2(C1),[C6H5—N C(Me)—C(Me)N—C6H5]NiBr2(C2),[(2,6-C6H3(Me)2)—N C(Me)—C·(Me)N—(2,6-C6H3(Me)2)]NiBr2(C3)和[(2,6-C6H3(i-Pr)2)—N C(An)—C(An)N—(2,6-C6H3(i-Pr)2)]NiBr2(An=acenaphthyl)(C4),在甲基铝氧烷(MAO)作用下,对甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)进行催化聚合.以C2为模型催化剂系统研究了Al/Ni摩尔比、单体浓度、聚合温度、聚合时间和反应溶剂对催化活性及聚合物分子量的影响.在较适合的聚合条件(催化剂用量为1.6μmol,Al/Ni摩尔比为800,MMA浓度为2.9 mol/L,甲苯为溶剂,聚合温度为60℃,聚合时间为4 h)下,讨论了催化剂结构对催化活性和聚合物分子量的影响.研究发现,催化剂C1~C3催化MMA聚合均得到富含间规结构的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA).催化剂结构中空间位阻增大导致催化活性降低,空间位阻最小的C1催化活性最高[达107.8 kg/(mol Ni·h)];而空间位阻最大的C4催化活性仅为7.8 kg/(mol Ni·h).催化剂结构中给电子效应增加有利于催化活性及聚合物分子量的增加.C2催化活性为62.5 kg/(mol Ni·h),所得聚合物的分子量为5.0×104;而具有较强给电子效应的C3催化活性达到96.9 kg/(mol Ni·h),并得到更高分子量的聚合物(7.6×104).     

一维金属铁有机配位聚合物的乙烯选择性四聚催化性能研究

以AlEt_2Cl为助催化剂,将一维金属铁有机配位聚合物应用于乙烯齐聚,并考察了金属铁有机配位聚合物的真空处理温度、催化体系的反应时间、反应压力、催化剂用量和n(Al)/n(Fe)对乙烯齐聚性能的影响.结果表明,该一维铁催化体系的C8选择性高达94.75%,其中α-C8占19.18%,催化活性可达3.88×10~5g/(mol Fe h).     

树枝状钴系催化剂的合成及催化乙烯齐聚性能

以1,8-辛二胺为核的1.0代(1.0G)树枝状大分子、水杨醛和六水氯化钴为原料,依次通过席夫碱反应和配位反应合成了一种新型的树枝状水杨醛亚胺配体和钴系催化剂;并对目标产物进行FT-IR、UV、1H NMR和MS表征,证实其合成产物的结构与理论结构相符。考察了助催化剂种类、溶剂种类、反应条件及金属活性中心对乙烯齐聚性能的影响。结果表明,当以一氯二乙基铝(Et2AlCl)为助催化剂,甲苯为溶剂时,催化剂具有良好的催化乙烯齐聚性能,并在反应温度为25℃、Al/Co摩尔比为1500、压力为1.0 MPa、时间为0.5 h时,催化活性达到6.84×105 g/(mol Co?h),齐聚产物中C8及C8以上的烯烃含量为52.77%。     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Regiospecific synthesis of quercetin O-β-d-glucosylated and O-β-d-glucuronidated isomers

Quercetin, the polyphenolic compound, which has the highest daily intake, is well known for its protective effects against aging diseases and has received a lot of attention for this reason. Both quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucuronide and quercetin 3′-O-β-d-glucuronide are human metabolites, which, together with their regioisomers, are required for biological as well as physical chemistry studies. We present here a novel synthetic route based on the sequential and selective protections of the hydroxyl functions of quercetin allowing selective glycosylation, followed by TEMPO-mediated oxidation to the glucuronide. This methodology enabled us to synthesize the five O-β-d-glucosides and four O-β-d-glucuronides of quercetin, including the major human metabolite, quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucuronide.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Deuterodehalogenation—a mild method for synthesising deuterated heterocycles

We report a mild and efficient method for introducing deuterium into a range of heterocycles by reacting readily available halide analogues in a deuterodehalogenation reaction using D₈-IPA or Et₃SiD under palladium-catalysed conditions.     

The conversion of 2-cyano cyanothioformanilides into 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitriles using triphenylphosphine

2-Cyano cyanothioformanilide 3a reacts with triphenylphosphine in the presence of water to give 2-(cyanomethyleneamino)benzonitrile 4a, 2-(cyanomethylamino)benzonitrile 5, 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitrile 2a and (2-cyanoindol-3-yl)iminotriphenylphosphorane 6a. In the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid in MeOH the reaction between 2-cyano cyanothioformanilide 3a and triphenylphosphine (2 equiv) gives 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitrile 2a in 90% yield. Under the same conditions 2-(cyanomethyleneamino)benzonitrile 4a gives anthranilonitrile 8a, 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitrile 2a and N-(2-cyanophenyl)formamide 9. In addition, substituted 2-cyano cyanothioformanilides 3b-f react with triphenylphosphine and p-toluenesulfonic acid in MeOH to give 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitriles 2b-f in 63-75% yields. Under analogous conditions 2-cyano-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl cyanothioformanilide 2g gives only 4,5-dimethoxyanthranilonitrile 8g and 4,6,7-trimethoxyquinazoline-2-carbonitrile 14g, but in refluxing dry PhMe in the absence of p-toluenesulfonic acid 2-cyano-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl cyanothioformanilide 3g, (2-cyano-5,6-dimethoxyindol-3-yl)iminotriphenylphosphorane 6g and 2-(cyanomethyleneamino)-4,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile 4g are obtained. The structure of 2-(cyanomethyleneamino)-4,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile 4g is supported unambiguously via independent synthesis and comparison to the isomeric 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-2-carbonitrile 15. All new compounds are fully characterised and a tentative mechanism for the transformation of 2-cyano cyanothioformanilides to indoles is proposed.     

Sulfur-mediated C(sp2)–H imidation and 1,2-imidofluorination of vinyl sulfides

A new strategy for the C(sp²)–H imidation and 1,2-imidofluorination of vinylsulfides has been established through simple treatment with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide, which acts as both oxidant and nitrogen source. For alkyl and electron-rich aryl vinylsulfides, alkyl/arylthioenamines are produced in up to 92% total yields. However, for steric and electron-deficient aryl vinylsulfides, 1,2-imidofluorination products are prepared in up to 73% yields. The chemoselectivity is controlled by the steric and electronic effects of aryl substituents. Thionium ions are proposed as key intermediates in the two reactions.     

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of chalcones and arylidene-1,3-dicarbonyls with diazosulfone for the regioselective synthesis of functionalized pyrazoles and pyrazolines

A convenient method for the synthesis of 3-acylpyrazoles and pyrazole-3-carboxylates using diazosulfone as a reactive 1,3-dipole and a diazomethane equivalent is reported here. Chalcones, arylidenemalonates and other arylidene-1,3-dicarbonyls performed well as the dipolarophiles in the reaction with the diazosulfone which took place under simple base mediated conditions (Cs₂CO₃ or NaOEt in EtOH). In few cases, the initial cycloadducts, the intermediate pyrazoline derivatives, could also be isolated and characterized. The pyrazoline derivatives undergo an alkoxide mediated 1,4-elimination, viz. decarboxylation-detosylation to afford the pyrazole derivatives.