ZnO纳米粒子的表面氧空位与其光致发光和光催化性能的关系

采用沉淀法制备了ZnO纳米粒子, 并利用XPS, SPS, ESR和PL等测试技术对样品进行了表征, 同时评估了样品在光催化氧化气相n-C₇H₁₆中的活性. 重点考察了ZnO纳米粒子的表面组成和结构与其光致发光和光催化性能的关系. 结果表明: ZnO纳米粒子的粒子尺寸越小, 表面氧空位的量越大, 光致发光信号越强, 光催化活性越高. 说明它们之间必然存在一定的关系, 这是因为光致发光信号主要归属于表面氧空位引发的自由和束缚激子发光, 而表面氧空位由于易于捕获光生电子, 且与吸附氧间存在强烈的相互作用, 以至于有利于氧化反应的进行. 此外, 也说明了ZnO纳米粒子的表面态是非常丰富的, 主要是由氧空位和氧物种等引起的.     

掺杂镧的TiO2纳米粒子的光致发光及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的和掺杂La的TiO2纳米粒子,并利用XRD,TEM,XPS和荧光光谱(FS)等对样品进行表征,主要考察焙烧温度和La含量对TiO2纳米粒子的性质以及光催化降解苯酚活性的影响,并探讨了La的掺杂对TiO2相变的作用机制以及FS光谱与光催化活性的关系.结果表明,适量La掺杂能够提高TiO2纳米粒子FS光谱强度,这是因为La掺杂能够使表面氧空位和缺陷的浓度增加;600℃热处理的掺杂不同量La的TiO2样品的光催化活性顺序是:1%＞1.5%＞3%＞0.5%＞5%＞0%,这与它们的FS光谱强度的顺序是一致的,即FS光谱强度越高,其光催化活性越高.这是因为在光致发光过程中,FS信号主要来源于表面氧空位和缺陷,而在光催化反应过程中,表面氧空位和缺陷能够有利于光生电子被捕获.     

纳米Au/TiO2光催化剂的XPS和SPS研究

 以溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2纳米粒子为载体,通过浸渍法制备了Au/TiO2样品,并利用XPS和SPS等技术对样品进行表征,考察了热处理温度和Au含量对TiO2纳米粒子光催化氧化苯酚活性的影响. 结果表明,Au是以金属纳米微晶的形式均匀地分散在TiO2纳米粒子表面. 用适量Au进行表面修饰不仅拓宽了TiO2对光的响应范围,而且改善了TiO2光生电子和空穴的分离效率,提高了样品对氧物种的吸附,并促进了光生电子向吸附氧的传输. 在光催化氧化苯酚反应中,500 ℃处理的Au/TiO2纳米粒子具有较高的光催化活性,这与XPS和SPS表征结果是一致的. 从电子能级匹配的角度揭示了Au对TiO2样品表面光电性质和光催化性能的影响机制.     

纳米TiO2的光致发光性能与SERS效应的关系

以采用溶胶-水热法制备的纯TiO₂及Zn掺杂的TiO₂纳米粒子作为SERS活性基底, 研究了其光致发光机制及其与表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)性能的关系. 结果表明, TiO₂纳米粒子的表面缺陷和氧空位等表面性质在其光致发光和增强拉曼散射性能中发挥着重要的作用. 在表面缺陷和氧空位含量较低时, TiO₂纳米粒子的光致发光光谱(PL)信号越强, 其SERS性能就越高; 当TiO₂纳米粒子的表面缺陷和氧空位含量达到一定程度时, TiO₂纳米粒子的PL信号越弱, 其SERS性能越高.     

ZnO和TiO2粒子的光催化活性及其失活与再生

 利用XRD，TEM，BET和UV－Vis等测试技术对商品的ZnO及TiO2和纳米ZnO及TiO2粒子进行了表征．无论是商品的还是纳米的，在光催化氧化降解气相n－C7H16和SO2及液相苯酚的反应中，TiO2均表现出比ZnO高的光催化活性，并从光腐蚀性和表面电荷两方面分析了其原因．在光催化氧化降解n－C7H16的反应中，ZnO粒子易失活，而TiO2粒子不易失活．但是，在光催化氧化降解SO2的反应中，ZnO和TiO2粒子均易失活．SPS和XPS测试结果表明，光催化剂表面的导电类型由反应前的n型变成了失活后的p型．这主要是由于反应产物发生吸附所致．失活后的光催化剂可以通过浸洗和干燥再生．     

TiO_2和ZnO表面CO光催化氧化活性研究

在TiO2和ZnO表面CO光催化氧化研究中发现,365 nm紫外光照下TiO2表面无活性,而ZnO表面却有明显的CO光催化氧化活性.研究表明,主要是由于紫外光照下,ZnO光分解而TiO2没有光分解,从而在表面产生不同吸附形态的氧所致.而且,ZnO表面CO光催化氧化反应活性可在27 h内保持稳定,暗示气相光催化反应中,ZnO不会因为光腐蚀而使其催化活性降低.     

Pd/ZnO和Ag/ZnO复合纳米粒子的SPS和XPS研究

用焙烧前驱物碱式碳酸锌的方法制备了ZnO纳米粒子，采用光还原沉积贵金属的方法分别得到了质量分数为0.5％的Pd/ZnO和Ag/ZnO复合纳米粒子，并利用XRD、TEM、XPS和SPS等测试技术对样品进行表征.初步探讨了贵金属在ZnO纳米粒子表面形成原子簇的原因及沉积贵金属对ZnO纳米粒子表面光电压信号的影响.以光催化氧化气相正庚烷为模型反应，考察了沉积贵金属对ZnO纳米粒子光催化活性的影响，并探讨了光催化活性有所提高的内在原因.结果表明， ZnO纳米粒子沉积贵金属后，其表面光电压信号明显下降，而光催化活性却大大地提高，这说明可以通过表面光电压谱的测试来初步的评估纳米粒子的光催化活性，即粒子的表面光电压信号越弱，其光催化活性越高.     

表面修饰DBS基团对TiO2气相光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶-水热法直接获得表面修饰十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)分子基团的TiO2纳米粒子, 并考察了DBS表面修饰对纳米TiO2光催化氧化降解气相n-C5H12反应的活性和寿命的影响, 并利用表面光电压(SPS)谱和光致发光(PL)光谱等方法研究了DBS表面修饰的影响机制. 结果表明, 表面修饰DBS分子基团能够抑制TiO2纳米微晶生长, 促进纳米TiO2分散, 增强吸附性和提高光生电荷分离, 使光催化活性显著提高. 但寿命并未下降, 这与TiO2和DBS基团的光稳定性有关. 动力学研究结果表明, TiO2光催化氧化n-C5H12反应遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型, 为准一级反应.     

掺杂Cu的TiO2纳米粒子的制备、表征及其光催化活性

采用Sol-gel法制备了纯的和掺杂不同量Cu的TiO2纳米粒子,并用TG-DTA,XRD,XPS,UV-Vis和荧光光谱对样品进行了表征,考察焙烧温度和Cu含量对TiO2纳米粒子的性质及光催化活性的影响,初步探讨了Cu的掺杂对TiO2相变的作用机制及样品荧光光谱与光催化活性的关系.结果表明,Cu2+的掺杂对TiO2的相变有很大的促进作用,并使其光谱响应范围向可见光区拓展.Cu的掺杂未引起新的荧光现象,但适量Cu的掺杂能够降低TiO2纳米粒子的荧光强度.此外,在光催化降解苯酚的实验中,于500℃处理的掺杂Cu的TiO2纳米粒子的光催化活性较高,与表征结果一致.而掺杂不同量Cu的TiO2的光催化活性顺序与样品荧光光谱强度的顺序相反,即荧光光谱强度越低,其光催化活性越高.     

ZnO纳米粒子的表面光电压谱和光催化性能

采用焙烧前驱物碱式碳酸锌的方法制备了不同粒径的ZnO纳米粒子，而用粒径 最小的作为光催化剂，通过光还原过程分别得了贵金属质量分数为0.5%和0.75%的 Pd/ZnO或Ag/ZnO复合纳米粒子。利用XRD，TEM，XPS，SPS和EFISPS等测试技术对样 品进行了表征，并通过光催化氧化气相正庚烷评估了样品的光催化活性，考察了微 晶尺寸和贵金属Pd或Ag的沉积对ZnO纳米粒子表面光电压信号以及光催化活性的影 响，探讨了样品表面光电压谱与其光催化活性的关系，说明了可以通过表面光电压 谱的测试来初步地评估纳米粒子的光催化活性。结果表明：随着ZnO纳米微晶尺寸 的减小，其SPS信号强度逐渐变弱，而光催化活性逐渐升高；沉积适量的贵金属Pd 或Ag后，ZnO纳米粒子的SPS信号强度明显下降，而其光催化活性却有所升高。此外 ，对ZnO纳米粒子光催化剂的失活机理进行了分析。     

Effects of surface oxygen vacancies on photophysical and photochemical processes of Zn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles and their relationships

In this paper, TiO(2) nanoparticles doped with different amounts of Zn were prepared by a sol-gel method and were mainly characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), and surface photovoltage spectrum (SPS). The effects of surface oxygen vacancies (SOVs) of Zn-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles on photophysical and photocatalytic processes were investigated along with their inherent relationships. The results show that the SOVs easily bind photoinduced electrons to further give rise to PL signals. The SOVs can result in an interesting sub-band SPS response near the band edge in the TiO(2) sample consisting of much anatase and little rutile, except for an obvious band-to-band SPS response. Moreover, the intensities of PL and SPS signals of TiO(2), as well as the photocatalytic activity for degrading phenol solution, can be enhanced by doping an appropriate amount of Zn. These improvements are mainly attributed to the increase in the SOV amount. It can be suggested that the SOVs should play an important role during the processes of PL, surface photovoltage, and photocatalytic reactions, and, for the as-prepared TiO(2) samples doped with different amounts of Zn by thermal treatment at 550 degrees C, the larger the SOV amount, the stronger the PL and SPS signal, and the higher the photocatalytic activity.     

Relationships of surface oxygen vacancies with photoluminescence and photocatalytic performance of ZnO nanoparticles

ZnO is one of important semiconductor materials,applied widely in the fields such as the cerams, piezo-electric sensors, catalysts and luminescence apparatus.ZnO nanoparticles not only are ideal materials to pre-pare newly electronic apparatus[1], but als…     

掺Sn的纳米TiO2表面光致电荷分离及光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同掺Sn量的TiO₂纳米粒子, 主要利用表面光电压谱(SPS)和光致发光光谱(PL)对样品进行了表征, 并通过光催化降解苯酚实验来评估样品活性. 重点考察了热处理温度和掺Sn量对样品表面光生载流子的分离及光催化活性的影响, 并探讨了Sn使TiO₂纳米粒子改性的机制. 结果表明, 在适当温度处理下, 适量Sn的掺入能够有效促进TiO₂纳米粒子表面光生载流子的分离, 以至于使其光催化活性得到显著提高.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of organic dyes with nanostructured zinc dioxide modified with silver metals

Silver-doped nano-ZnO samples with different Ag loadings were prepared by a one-spot solvothermal method. The structure, physico-chemical and optical properties of the products are characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence spectra (PL). The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was examined by using photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange (MO) as a model reaction, and the effects of the noble metal content on the photocatalytic activity were investigated. The results indicated that the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles can be greatly improved by depositing appropriate amount of noble metal on their surface as electron scavengers. In addition, a key mechanism was proposed in order to account for the enhanced activity. The enhancement for the photocatalytic activities can be attributed to the interaction between Ag particles and ZnO, which made Ag particles act as electron traps to effectively separate the excited electron-hole pairs.     

Pd/ZnO和Ag/ZnO复合纳米粒子的制备、表征及光催化活性

 用焙烧前驱物碱式碳酸锌的方法制备了ZnO纳米粒子，采用光还原沉积贵金属的方法制备了Pd／ZnO和Ag／ZnO复合纳米粒子，并利用ICP，XRD，TEM和XPS等测试技术对样品进行了表征，初步探讨了贵金属在ZnO纳米粒子表面形成原子簇的原因．以光催化氧化气相正庚烷为模型反应，考察了样品的光催化活性以及贵金属沉积量对催化剂活性的影响．结果表明：沉积适量的贵金属，ZnO纳米粒子光催化剂的活性大幅度提高．同时，深入探讨了表面沉积贵金属的ZnO纳米粒子光催化剂活性有所提高的内在原因．     

Hydrothermal oxidation synthesis of rod‐like ZnO and the influence of oxygen vacancy on photocatalysis

Rod‐like ZnO nanoparticles (NPs ) were synthesized from zinc powder by a simple hydrothermal oxidation method. The presence of acetylacetone could promote the oxidation reaction of Zn and the formation of hexagonal nanorods. Then, the as‐prepared samples were annealed in N₂ , O₂ , and air atmosphere at 550°C for 2 h to control the number of oxygen vacancies in the samples. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV –vis spectroscopy. The correlation between the oxygen vacancies and the photocatalytic activity was investigated. The results reveal that the annealing process alters the samples’ bandgap and number of the oxygen vacancies, thereby improving the photocatalytic activity. The enhancement of photodegradation efficiency arising from the appropriate content of oxygen vacancies is discussed.     

TiO2-yNx纳米光催化剂的制备及其可见光响应机理

利用溶胶-凝胶技术,以尿素为氮源,采用原位掺杂方式制备了TiO2-yNx纳米粉体;以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液在可见光下的光催化降解评价其可见光催化活性;考察了体系初始pH值、N的掺杂量和焙烧温度对样品可见光催化活性的影响。 结合XRD、XPS、ESR和DRS测试技术,研究了N掺杂纳米TiO2的可见光响应机理。 研究结果表明,TiO2-yNx纳米粉体的优化制备工艺条件为：体系初始pH=0.52,掺杂比n(N)∶n(Ti)=1∶6,焙烧温度为440 ℃。 此条件下制备的样品N含量为0.77%,为单一的锐钛矿相,平均粒径为19.0 nm,具有良好的可见光催化活性。 N掺杂导致TiO2纳米粉体的表面羟基含量增加,形成了大量束缚单电子的氧空位;N取代晶格O形成了N-Ti-O和O-N-Ti键合结构。 N掺杂导致TiO2纳米粒子的吸收带边红移,对可见光的吸收能力明显增强,这表明N掺杂改变TiO2电子结构,使带隙窄化,降低光响应阈值。 N掺杂TiO2纳米粒子的可见光响应归因于N取代掺杂形成的掺杂能级与氧空位形成的缺陷能级共同作用所致。     

The preparation and characterization of La doped TiO2 nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity

In this paper, pure and La doped TiO₂ nanoparticles with different La content were prepared by a sol-gel process using Ti (OC₄H₉)₄ as raw material, and also were characterized by XRD, TG-DTA, TEM, XPS, DRS and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. We mainly investigated the effects of calcining temperature and La content on the properties and the photocatalytic activity for degrading phenol of as-prepared TiO₂ samples, and also discussed the relationships between PL spectra and photocatalytic activity as well as the mechanisms of La doping on TiO₂ phase transformation. The results showed that La³⁺ did not enter into the crystal lattices of TiO₂ and was uniformly dispersed onto TiO₂ as the form of La₂O₃ particles with small size, which possibly made La dopant have a great inhibition on TiO₂ phase transformation; La dopant did not give rise to a new PL signal, but it could improve the intensity of PL spectra with a appropriate La content, which was possibly attributed to the increase in the content of surface oxygen vacancies and defects after doping La; La doped TiO₂ nanoparticles calcined at 600°C exhibited higher photocatalytic activity, indicating that 600°C was an appropriate calcination temperature. The order of photocatalytic activity of La doped TiO₂ samples with different La content was as following: 1>1.5>3>0.5>5>0 mol%, which was the same as the order of their PL intensity, namely, the stronger the PL intensity, the higher the photocatalytic activity, demonstrating that there were certain relationships between PL spectra and photocatalytic activity. This could be explained by the points that PL spectra mainly resulted from surface oxygen vacancies and defects during the process of PL, while surface oxygen vacancies and defects could be favorable in capturing the photoinduced electrons during the process of photocatalytic reactions.