氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定高硅铝合金中的铅

采用NaOH溶液溶解样品,并以HCl酸化。通过补加一定量的HCl(1+1),使分取后的试液酸度保持在约2%,以HCl(φ=2%)为载流,KBH4-K_3[Fe(CN)_6]-NaOH溶液为还原剂,实现了氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法对高硅铝合金中低含量铅的测定。试验优化了高硅铝合金碱溶酸化的最佳条件,考察了铝基体、钠基体以及其他杂质离子对测定结果的影响,其干扰可以忽略不计。在选定的工作条件下,铅的质量浓度在1~10μg/L范围内呈线性关系,相关系数为0.9997,方法检出限为0.33μg/g。按照实验方法对铝合金样品和标准样品进行测定,标准样品的测定值与给定值相符,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在2.3%~5.3%之间。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定木薯干及其发酵产物酒精中铅量

提出了用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定木薯干及其发酵产物(主要指用木薯干发酵所产生的酒精)中铅量的方法。其中木薯干样品系用硝酸-高氯酸(4+1)的混合酸在微波消解仪中作消解处理,将所得溶液蒸发至近干后,用盐酸(1+19)溶液溶解残渣。先后加入铁氰化钾溶液及草酸溶液分别消除铜(Ⅱ)及铁(Ⅲ)、钼(Ⅵ)、镍(Ⅱ)所引起的干扰。然后按所优选的条件用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定溶液中铅(Ⅱ)量。测得铅(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在1~280μg.L-1范围内与相应的峰面积测量值之间呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)为5μg.L-1(对木薯干样品)及1μg.L-1(对酒精样品)。以木薯干和酒精为基体添加标准溶液,木薯干和酒精的平均加标回收率分别为97.9%和93.8%,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=8)依次为2.68%及2.14%。     

浊点萃取-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水样中痕量铅

提出了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水中痕量铅的方法。以双硫腙为络合剂,在pH 8.0的硼砂溶液中,用非离子表面活性剂Triton X-114浊点萃取样品溶液中痕量铅。选用15.0 g·L~(-1)硼氢化钾溶液作为产生氢化铅的还原剂,氢化物发生反应在盐酸(1+99)介质中进行,铅的质量浓度在0.05～3.2μg·L~(-1)范围内与其相应的荧光强度呈线性关系。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.016μg·L~(-1)。应用此方法测定了水中铅的含量,测得回收率在96.5%～104.6%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5%。     

纳米Fe3O4分离富集-悬浮进样-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定砷形态

研究了以纳米Fe3O4为固相吸附剂对痕量无机砷形态的吸附与分离富集,建立了无需洗脱分离的悬浮进样-氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定砷形态的方法。选择的反应体系为0.64 g/L Fe3O4悬浮液-1.0%(m/V)NaBH4溶液-5.0%(V/V)HCl(pH 8),进样5.0 mL时,得到本方法的检出限为13.5 ng/L;As(Ⅲ)浓度在0.05～3.5μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系;测定0.5μg/L As(Ⅲ)的精密度RSD=3.4%。用国家标准物质GBW10010(大米)验证了本方法测定砷的准确性,测定结果(0.101±0.010μg/g)与标准值(0.102±0.008μg/g)吻合。采用本方法测定了近海海水和雪水样品中的无机砷形态,并进行了加标回收实验。对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的加标回收率在95%～110%之间,结果令人满意。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定金属镁中痕量铅

样品以盐酸、过氧化氢进行溶解,以铁氰化钾作氧化剂,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定金属镁中痕量铅。研究了氢化物发生的介质和酸度、硼氢化钾溶液的浓度、氢氧化钠的浓度、铁氰化钾的浓度对测定结果的影响,确定了最佳的测定条件。同时对仪器的操作参数进行了最佳选择。在最佳条件下,铅浓度在0~20μg/L范围内与荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.9995,方法的检出限为0.37μg/L。样品中铅的加标回收率在91%~102.7%之间,相对标准偏差为4.2%。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定植物样品中的硒

本文应用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法对植物样品中硒总量的测定方法进行研究。优化了植物样品预处理,选取H2O2-HNO2(1∶5,V/V)体系微波消解;优化了测定中载流与还原剂的浓度,选定载流HCl浓度为15%,还原剂KBH4浓度为1.5%。该方法测定植物样品中的总硒,线性范围为0~100μg/L(r=0.9995),检出限为0.0906μg/L,回收率在90.0%~112.2%范围,精密度(RSD)小于0.39%。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、检出限低,适合对植物样品中硒总量的分析测定。     

火焰原子发射光谱法测定电解铝中痕量钾

建立了火焰原子发射光谱法检测电解铝中痕量钾的方法。用稀王水(1:1,V/V)边加热边溶解电解铝样品,冷却后转移到100 m L容量瓶,待用;为消除铝基体干扰,标准工作溶液需加入适量的铝,火焰原子发射光谱法直接测定。方法线性范围为0.010~0.120μg/m L,检出限(3σ)为0.4 ng/m L(n=11),连续9次测定0.040μg/m L钾标准工作溶液,其RSD为0.72%。分析了3种电解铝样品中钾含量,回收率范围为90.0%~100.0%。该方法可用于电解铝样品中痕量钾的检测。     

微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤及生物样品中铅和汞

应用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定了土壤及生物样品中铅和汞。样品用硝酸4mL及过氧化氢1mL按微波消解仪的工作参数进行消解,消解后溶液定容至25mL供测定。用30g·L-1柠檬酸溶液和硝酸(1+99)溶液的混合液作载流,根据铅(Ⅱ)离子的反应和试液对酸度的要求,选用含15g·L-1硼氢化钾,10g·L-1铁氰化钾和20g·L-1氢氧化钾的混合溶液作为还原剂。方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.512μg·L-1(铅)和0.067μg·L-1(汞)。应用此方法分析了3种实样并进行加标回收试验,测得回收率分别在91.0%~97.0%(铅)和88.0%~95.5%(汞)之间。     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法分析麦类中麦角克列斯汀碱

提出了一种采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法(HPLC-FLD)测定麦类样品中麦角克列斯汀碱的方法。麦类样品经V(乙腈)∶V(0.1 mol/L乙酸铵缓冲溶液)=1∶4提取,以C18小柱净化,C18色谱柱(4.6×250 mm,5μm)分离,V(水)∶V(乙腈)=3∶2作流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,以HPLC-FLD定量测定。标准工作溶液浓度在1.0~50.0μg/L范围内,与峰面积成良好的线性关系,线性相关系数0.9999,样品在10.0、50.0、250.0μg/kg添加水平的回收率为76%~85%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为6.6%~8.8%(n=8),方法检测限为5.0μg/kg(S/N10)。     

黄原酯棉纤维柱分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定大米中的镉和铅量

采用黄原酯棉柱分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定大米中的镉和铅的含量。大米样品采用硝酸-高氯酸(4+1)混合酸消解,以5mL·min-1流量经黄原酯棉柱吸附分离后,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法进行测定。镉和铅的质量浓度均在一定的范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,镉和铅的检出限(3s/k)依次为0.85,4.5μg·kg-1。对5μg·L-1的镉、铅混合标准溶液连续测定11次,两者测定值的相对标准偏差依次为1.5%,2.3%。方法用于大米样品分析,加标回收率在94.0%~105%之间。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.