水样中痕量有机磷农药的膜萃取-气相色谱法测定

制作了涂渍植物来源的酶和不同化合物的萃取膜，萃取富集了水样中的有机磷农药和农药中间体残留。实验表明：涂有不同物质的萃取膜对不同农药有选择性地富集。利用戊二醛膜对河流水样中的硫代磷酸三甲酯和精胺进行富集，用气相色谱－火焰光度检测器检测，回收率在68％－103％之间；检测限为0.1μg/L。方法可满足水体中痕量有机磷农药残留检测的要求。     

液相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱测定水中硝基苯类化合物

建立了水中硝基苯类化合物(硝基苯、1-硝基甲苯、2-硝基甲苯、3-硝基甲苯和邻氯硝基苯)的液相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱检测方法。实验结果显示:甲苯为最佳的萃取剂。确定最佳实验条件为:甲苯体积2μL,萃取时间15 min,搅拌速度300 r/min,萃取温度45℃,溶液pH=5。在此条件下,各目标物的萃取富集倍数为30~38,线性范围为2~250μg/L,检出限为1~2μg/L,测定的相对标准偏差为5%~7%。     

液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定尿样中的利多卡因

应用液相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术快速分析尿样中的利多卡因。考察了萃取溶剂、体积、萃取时间及料液pH值对液相微萃取的影响,建立了液相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术分析尿样中利多卡因的方法。优化的实验条件为：料液pH值12．0,萃取溶剂为5μL邻苯二甲酸二丁醅,萃取时间40min,搅拌速度80r／min。方法的线性范围为0．2-5mg／L;检出限为0．1mg／L;相对标准偏差小于6．3％。通过液相微萃取后,能有效地去除检测尿样中利多卡因的干扰物质,获得了较高的选择性。该方法简便、快速、灵敏、消耗有机溶剂少,是尿样中利多卡因检测的一种有效方法。     

超声波辅助萃取-气相色谱法同时测定蔬菜中5种有机磷农药残留

建立超声波辅助萃取-气相色谱法同时分离测定蔬菜中5种有机磷农药残留量的：弓．法。实验结果表明,采用超声波加速提取有机磷农药残留,样品提取效果好,干扰物少,检测快速;在DB-1701色谱柱中,供试的5种有机磷农药分离良好;以FPD为检测器,选择性较好。方法的检出限为0．004-0．01μg／mL,5种农药在2个添加水平下的回收率为78．9％-105．9％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2．6％-7．6％（n=6）。该方法具有测定有机磷农药种类多、快速等优点,能满足农药多残留分析的要求。     

顶空液相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法快速测定饮料中苯和甲苯

建立了顶空液相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定饮料中苯和甲苯的方法。在对顶空液相微萃取(head-space liquid-phase microextraction,HS-LPME)实验条件优化的基础上,确定了最佳实验条件:以1.6μL正辛醇作为有机萃取剂,在萃取温度为50℃、萃取时间为5min,搅拌速度为750r/min,液滴离萃取瓶瓶塞2.0cm的条件下,萃取4.00mLNaCl含量为4.00mol/L的样品水溶液,取0.4μL的有机萃取剂直接进样。实验结果表明,苯和甲苯的富集倍数分别为94和191,方法检出限分别为0.090μg/L和0.093μg/L,线性范围为0.5～60μg/L(r>0.999)。将该方法应用于饮料中苯和甲苯的测定,回收率为93.6%和98.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.94%和2.69%。方法简单、快速且成本低、可信度高,适用于饮料和水样中苯和甲苯的快速分析。     

填充吸附微萃取-气相色谱法检测水中有机磷农药

建立了基于填充吸附微萃取(MEPS)和气相色谱检测水中的10种有机磷农药的方法。其中影响MEPS萃取效果的重要参数,如萃取材料、萃取循环次数和萃取速度、洗脱溶剂和洗脱体积、样品pH等均进行了详细测试和优化。最优条件下,先将样品pH调节为2,然后用C18作为萃取材料,以20μL/s的速度进行10次重复萃取,最后用150μL乙酸乙酯进行洗脱。10种目标物在22min内分离良好,并在10~500μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数范围在0.9940~0.9992,检出限范围为0.1~2.3μg/L。在10和100μg/L两个水平加标实验中,10种有机磷农药的平均回收率为61.5%~104.3%,相对标准偏差为5.5%~15%。     

非螯合物浊点萃取-墨炉原子吸收法测定水中痕量铊（Ⅲ）

建立不需形成螯合物的浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中铊a田D的新方法。用浊点萃取技术富集水中铊a田D，石墨炉原子吸收法测定。经考察，浊点萃取环境水体中铊a田D的最优条件为pH12，90℃水浴2h，Triton X-114浓度2．0g／L；在优化后实验条件下，方法测定铊a田D的检出限为0．018彬L；相对标准偏差为8．89％-13．7％（C=0．1μg／L及1．0μg／L，n：7）；加标回收率为98．0％-101％。本法适于水中痕量铊（Ⅲ）的测定。     

中空纤维膜液相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定水中的百菌清

研究了用中空纤维膜液相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定水中的百菌清。通过实验确定最佳萃取条件为:萃取剂为甲苯,萃取剂用量3μL,水样体积10mL,萃取温度为45℃,萃取时间为15 min,搅拌速率为500 r/min,萃取后取1μL有机溶剂直接进样进行气相色谱质谱分离检测。在此条件下,百菌清的富集倍数为450倍,方法的线性范围为5~600μg/L,检出限为0.5μg/L。测定实际水样的加标回收率在92.3%~96.0%之间。该方法可以用于水中百菌清的快速检测。     

液-液-液三相液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法检测尿样中的安非他明和氯胺酮

建立了液-液-液三相液相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术测定尿样中的安非他明和氯胺酮的方法。考察了萃取溶剂、料液相pH值、搅拌速度、萃取时间和接受相HCl浓度等因素对富集因子的影响，得到了萃取溶剂为300 μL甲苯,料液相pH值为11,接受相为1.0 μL 0.1 mol/L HCl,搅拌速度为600 r/min,萃取时间为50 min的最佳实验条件。在该条件下,获得了较高的富集因子；方法的线性范围为安非他明0.01～10 μg/mL,氯胺酮0.01～5 μg/mL,相对标准偏差均小于2%,检测限均为5 ng/mL (S/N=3)。建立的三相液相微萃取方法能有效地去除复杂基体的干扰,有机溶剂消耗少,萃取效率高,是一种有效、灵敏的样品前处理方法,适合于尿样中安非他明和氯胺酮的测定。     

分散固相萃取/分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定甘蓝中的拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

采用分散固相萃取和分散液液微萃取方法,建立了气相色谱法快速检测甘蓝中氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯及氰戊菊酯4种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的分析方法。使用乙腈作为萃取溶剂,经乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷固相萃取吸附剂净化提取液,分散液液微萃取将农药富集到50μL二甲苯中后,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器进行分析。考察了萃取溶剂的种类与体积、分散剂体积及盐效应等因素对分散液液微萃取萃取效率的影响。结果表明:除氟氯氰菊酯在0.01~0.1 mg/L范围外,其余3种拟除虫菊酯农药均在0.01~5.0mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.997 9~0.999 2;加标浓度为0.02~0.5μg/g时,除氟氯氰菊酯外其他拟除虫菊酯农药的平均回收率为81.9%~93.5%,相对标准偏差为9.5%~20.7%。该方法简单、高效、重现性好、富集倍数高,可用于甘蓝中拟除虫菊酯类农药的快速检测。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.