Photochromism in CaS:Sm

CaSfREhasbeenknownforalongtimeasanexcellentphosphor'.ThephotochronismofSinScrystal'hasbeenfound.Yasuski'repoFtedthatSin' ionstrapedelectronsandchangedintoSin' intheinfraredstimulablephosphorCaScontainingEuandSinions,butphotochromismhasnotbeenobserved.Inthepresentletter,thephotochromismwasobservedinCaS:Sm.Activatedcarbon,calciumsulfate,sodiumsulfateandSin(NO,),weremixedandground,andthen,themixturewasputintoanalumiacrucibleandheatedat950"Cfor3--4hours.Thesampleswereanalyzedbyx-raydiffrac…     

Determination of phosphorus:glycerol:acyl ratios in phospholipids

Phospholipids (1–5 mg) are mixed with methyl heptadecanoate as an internal standard. One part of the sample is reduced with Vitride in tetrahydrofuran in a sealed tube at 50 2C for 1 hr. The reaction products are acetylated in the same tube by treatment with acetic acid-acetic anhydride at 140 °C. After 1 hr total O-acyl and after 16 additional hours glycerol are determined as the fully acetylated compounds by gas-liquid chromatography.Another part of the sample is subjected to acidic hydrolysis and total O-acyl and N-acyl groups are determined by GLC as fatty-acid methyl esters. The aqueous phase is heated to 100 °C with 6 N HCl for 72 hr and phosphorus is measured colorimetrically.     

Lycorine: Studies in synthesis

Several unsuccessful attempts are described at the synthesis of the carbon-nitrogen skeleton of lycorine, utilising 1,2-dihydroisoquinoline intermediates.     

Transport Coefficients in Water Plasma: Part I: Equilibrium Plasma

Knowledge of the transport coefficients of steam water plasma is important for modeling plasma flow processes and heat transfer. In this study, calculations of these properties were performed in a temperature range from 400 to 30,000 K and at pressures of 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10 bar. Herein the composition of water plasma was determined at equilibrium. First, the most recent data on potential interactions and elastic differential cross sections for interacting particles were carefully examined in order to choose those most appropriate for determining the collision integrals. Second, we restricted the number of species to ten (e, H, O, H⁺, O⁺, O⁺⁺, H₂, O₂, OH and H₂O) and tested our collision integrals by comparing the thermal conductivity and viscosity to experimental data for water (at low temperatures). Finally, the total thermal conductivity, viscosity and electrical conductivity were calculated for different pressures.     

Review: Dielectrophoresis in cell characterization

Many cellular functions are affected by and thus can be characterized by a cell's electrophysiology. This has also been found to correspond to other biophysical parameters such as cell morphology and mechanical properties. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an electrostatic technique which can be used to examine cellular biophysical parameters through the measuring of single or multiple cell response to electric field induced forces. This label-free method offers many advantages in characterizing a cell population over conventional electrophysiology methods such as patch clamping; however, it has yet to see mainstream pharmacological application. Challenges such as the transdisciplinary nature of the field bridging engineering and the biological sciences, throughput, specificity as well as standardization are being addressed in current literature. This review focuses on the developments of DEP-based cell electrophysiological characterization where determining cellular properties such as membrane conductance and capacitance, and cytoplasmic conductivity are the primary motivation. A brief theoretical review, techniques for obtaining these cell parameters, as well as the resulting cell parameters and their applications are included in this review. This review aims to further support the development of DEP-based cell characterization as an important part of the future of DEP and electrophysiology research.     

WIZARD: AI in conformational analysis

Summary A program which utilizes the techniques of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems to solve problems in the area of Conformational Analysis is described. The program searches conformational space in a systematic fashion, based on the technique known as heuristic state-space search. The program proceeds by recognizingconformational units, assigning one or moreconformational templates to each unit, andjoining them to form conformational suggestions. These suggestions arecriticized to discover logical inconsistencies, and any resulting stresses areresolved. The resulting conformational suggestions are sometimes accurate enough for immediate use, or may be further refined by a numerical program. The latter combination is shown to be quite efficient compared to purely numerical conformational search techniques.     

Review: Aptamers in microfluidic chips

This review, covering reports published from 2002 to August 2010, shows how aptamers have made significant contributions in the improvements of microfluidic chips for affinity extraction, separations and detections. Furthermore, microfluidic chip methods for studying aptamer-target interactions and performing aptamer selections have also been summarized. Accordingly, research vacancies and future development trends in these areas are discussed.     

Innovation in Crop Protection: Trends in Research

In the absence of the remarkable levels of growth in the yields of important crops, neither the rapid increase in living standards in industrialized countries nor the adequate standard of nutrition for the greater part of the world's population would have been possible. Alongside high-yielding varieties, improved agricultural techniques, and rapid mechanization, the chemical industry has also contributed substantially to progress in agriculture since roughly the middle of the nineteenth century. From the chemists "kitchens" came two "magic weapons": artificial fertilisers and chemical agents for crop protection. Today both have become indispensable to modern yield- and quality-orientated agriculture. This review spans the development of the crop-protection industry from its earliest beginnings to the present day and attempts to portray how the research-based crop-protection industry is prepared for current and future challenges. Considerable space is thus dedicated to the discussion of trends in research.     

Elektrische Lichtquellen: Chemie in Lampen

Today, electrical light sources are a commodity in our daily life present in numerous application areas. The major driving forces to introduce improved and novel products into the market are steadily increasing demands concerning conversion efficiency, light quality, lamp life and miniaturization. In addition, new solid state light sources are presently emerging into existing and upcoming applications. This article gives an overview of electrical light sources and related chemical aspects. A focus is on research and development of applied materials including transport and corrosion phenomena, which are key for high performance lamps.