钴分子筛催化剂的制备及其分子筛载体对环己烷氧化选择性的影响

为了考察催化剂载体的孔道结构和择形性能对环己烷部分氧化反应的影响,采用直接水热法制备出了Co/S-1,Co/TS-1以及Co/MCM-41分子筛催化剂.XRD,FT-IR和SEM结果表明合成的样品具有较高的结晶度,晶粒大小均匀,其活性组分钴进入了分子筛骨架.采用氧气为氧化剂,考察了合成的钴催化剂样品对环己烷部分氧化的催化性能,并与CoAPO-5、Co/A l2O3、均相Co(OAc)2.4H2O催化剂以及无催化氧化的结果进行了比较.实验结果表明:分子筛载体能利用其孔道结构和择形性能,降低环己醇(酮)选择性对环己烷转化率的依赖性,且反应的选择性随分子筛载体孔径的增加而下降.孔道较小的Co/TS-1和Co/S-1做催化剂时,过氧化物含量低,环己烷转化率可达5%以上,同时反应总选择性为95%左右.     

MCM-41介孔分子筛共价键联钴酞菁的制备，表征及性质

采用两种方法将钴酞菁配合物共价联接到介孔分子筛MCM-41的表面：(1) 在MCM-41表面联接含伯胺的有机侧链；(2) 是在MCM-41表面联接含仲胺的有机侧链。含氯磺酸基的钴酞菁与胺反应形成磺酰胺。对得到的主客体化合物用多种物化手段和催化反应进行了表征。结果表明，钴酞菁以单体形式固定在介孔分子筛MCM-41的孔道壁上，在反应条件下固载后的钴酞菁具有高催化活性，同时表现出良好的稳定性，多次重复使用活性没有明显的改变。     

Au/ZSM-5催化选择氧化环己烷制环己酮和环己醇的研究

利用水热合成的方法制备了ZSM-5分子筛担载的纳米金催化剂．对合成的样品进行了XRD，XPS，Uv-Vis征分析,以环己烷催化氧化为探针反应．发现该催化剂对选择氧化环己烷制备环己酮和环己醇表现了优异的活性,环己烷的最高转化率可达到～16％．环己酮和环己醇的总选择性达到～92％．     

表面富锡MCM-41分子筛的表面金属有机化学制备及其对苯酚羟基化催化反应性能研究

采用SnBu₄在MCM-41表面的接枝反应和后续处理制备出了一种只在表面含锡的MCM-41型介孔分子筛。通过与采用纳米SnO₂和MCM-41机械混合法、SnCl₄浸渍法、水热合成法等制备的具有相当硅锡比(Si/Sn≈100)的SnMCM-41分子筛进行结构和对苯酚羟基化反应催化性能的比较发现， 由该法所得分子筛的水热稳定性明显提高，并在苯酚羟基化反应中表现出优良的催化活性、选择性和过氧化氢利用率。本文还详细考察了该催化剂对苯酚羟基化反应的最佳反应条件。     

MCM-41-HY复合分子筛的合成及其在深度加氦脱硫中的应用

在水热条件下合成了包覆型MCM-41-HY复合分子筛，采用XRD、N2气吸附和SEM等方法对其进行了表征．结果表明，MCM-11-HY复合分子筛和MCM-41与H型Y沸石（HY）的机械混合物明显不同，在复合分子筛MCM-41-HY中．中孔相MCM-41附晶生长在HY沸石上，将HY包覆起来，以二苯并噻吩为模型化合物，考察了该材料担载NiMo催化剂的加氧脱硫活性．结果表明，MCM-41-HY复合分了筛与MCM-41和HY的机械混合物担载NiMo催化剂的加氯脱硫（HDS）活性相当，但MCM-41-HY复合分子筛担载NiMo催化剂的裂化活性较低．其裂化活性不同的原因在于其载体孔道结构和酸性位的分布不同。     

HY／MCM-41／γ-A12O3负载的硫化态Ni-Mo-P催化剂上萘的加氢

采用水热法合成了不同SiO2／Al2O3比的MCM-41介孔分子筛．并分别以HY／MCM-41／γ-A1203，HY／γ-A12O3和γ-Al2O3为载体，用浸渍法制备了Mo-Ni-P催化剂．以萘为模型化合物，考察了硫化态Mo-Ni-P催化剂的加氢活性．结果表明，不同载体负载的催化剂催化活性均随着活性组分负载量的增大而提高，其中掺杂大比表面MCM-41的HY／MCM-41/γ-Al2O3所负载的催化剂催化活性提高幅度最大．由于MCM-41与HY分子筛在酸性和孔结构上存在互补性，因而催化剂对萘加氢存在协同作用．提出了萘加氢的反应机理，认为反应网络包括两个平行路径：-是萘加氢生成四氢萘后发生异构化或开环反应；二是萘加氢生成四氢萘后进-步加氢生成十氢萘，继而发生异构化或开环反应．     

MCM-41分子筛的改性、表面结构与吸附性质的研究

用三甲基氯硅烷、二甲基二氯硅烷、甲基三氯硅烷、四氯化硅与甲基碘改性高硅MCM-41中孔分子筛。XRD,^2^9SiMASNMR,^1^3CMASNMR,以及N~2、水与环己烷吸附的表征,显示改性不同程度地改变了分子筛的表面组成与结构,减小孔径,增加孔壁厚度,因而影响吸附行为,减小吸附容量。硅烷化减少了MCM-41的表面硅羟基含量,增加其疏水性。用CH~3I改性使孔径减小1.4nm,而硅羟基含量并未显著减少。硅烷化以及用CH~3I改性可提高MCM-41分子筛的热稳定性。SiCl~4的改性作用相对不明显。样品的水及环己烷吸附容量与其表面硅羟基含量呈现不同的线性关系,揭示高硅MCM-41分子筛表面吸附中心的本性。     

新型MCM-41固载化铌酸催化氧化环戊烯制备戊二醛

通过可溶的草酸配合物将铌酸固载到中孔分子筛MCM-41上，得到含催化氧化活性中心的Nb2O5／MCM-41负载型催化剂，并用XRD，BET，N2吸附等手段进行了表征．该催化剂在环戊烯催化氧化制备戊二醛的反应中表现出优良的催化性能，环戊烯的转化率高达100％，戊二醛收率达到50％，展现了良好的应用前景．     

纳米级MCM-49分子筛催化苯与1-十二烯烷基化反应的性能

 在低碱度下合成了纳米级MCM-49分子筛,采用XRD,TEM,NH3-TPD,吸附吡啶的红外光谱和异丙苯裂解等技术对分子筛进行了表征. 催化剂评价结果表明,纳米级MCM-49分子筛在30~160 ℃下对苯与1-十二烯的烷基化反应具有良好的催化性能,烯烃的转化率高于99.6%,直链烷基苯的选择性大于97%,2-和3-位直链烷基苯的选择性大于67.5%. 常规的微米级MCM-49分子筛在低温下的催化活性低于纳米级MCM-49分子筛. ZSM-5,M型分子筛和MCM-41分子筛催化烷基化反应的活性较低,Y型分子筛虽具有较高的催化活性,但生成2-和3-位直链烷基苯的选择性明显低于MCM-49. MCM-49的骨架结构与MCM-22相似,晶体外表面上含有大量的12元环孔穴,该结构有利于烷基化反应的进行.     

席夫碱修饰的介孔分子筛MCM-41催化有机反应的研究进展

介孔分子筛MCM-41在催化、吸附和分离等方面具有优异的性能,而席夫碱在催化、生物活性和医药等方面也表现出很好的活性,席夫碱配合物修饰的介孔分子筛MCM-41催化有机反应的应用已成为有机化学研究的热点之一.针对近年来席夫碱修饰的介孔分子筛MCM-41在烯烃的氧化、醇的氧化、Suzuki偶联、不对称催化及其它反应中的应用研究进行了综述.     

Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of a new Ti-containing microporous/mesoporous material

A new class of porous, mixed phase titanosilicate materials containing a microporous TS-1 phase and a mesoporous Ti-MCM-48 phase has been successfully synthesized. A novel, one-pot synthesis method was used in which the organic templates for the mesoporous and microporous phases were added sequentially to the same reaction mixture, followed by crystallization at 150 degrees C. The gemini surfactant 18-12-18 was used to form the Ti-MCM-48 mesophase; subsequent addition of tetrapropylammonium cation (TPA+) led to the formation of TS-1. The relative amounts of the two phases within the final products were controlled by optimizing the crystallization time. Crystallization times between 12 and 50 h gave materials containing both phases, with an increasing amount of microphase formed at longer crystallization times. These materials, called "Ti-MMM-2" (microporous/mesoporous materials) were characterized using powder XRD, N2 physisorption, TEM, FTIR, DR-UV/Vis spectroscopy, and 29Si MAS NMR. In the epoxidation of cyclohexene with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), Ti-MMM-2 samples exhibited higher catalytic activity (approximately 61%) than either TS-1 (16%) or Ti-MCM-48 (42%), with a very high selectivity (97%) for formation of cyclohexene oxide.     

FTIR spectroscopic study of titanium-containing mesoporous silicate materials

The surface acidity of different mesoporous titanium-silicates, such as well-organized hexagonally packed Ti-MMM, Ti-MMM-2, Ti-SBA-15, and amorphous TiO(2)-SiO(2) mixed oxides (aerogels and xerogels), was studied by means of FTIR spectroscopy of CO adsorbed at 80 K and CD(3)CN adsorbed at 293 K. The surface hydroxyl groups of mesoporous titanium-silicates with 2-7 wt % Ti revealed a Br?nsted acidity slightly higher to that of pure silicate. TiO(2)-SiO(2) xerogels revealed the highest Br?nsted acidity among the titanium-silicates studied. CO adsorption revealed two additional sites on the surface in comparison to pure silicate, characterized by nu(CO) from 2185 (high pressure) to 2178 (low pressure) cm(-1) and from 2174 (high pressure) to 2170 (low pressure) cm(-1). These bands are due to CO adsorbed on isolated titanium cations in the silica surrounding or having one Ti(4+) cation in their second coordination sphere and due to CO interactions with Ti-OH groups, respectively. CD(3)CN adsorption similarly revealed the existence of two additional sites, which were not detected for pure silicate: at 2289 cm(-1) due to CD(3)CN interaction with titanol groups and from 2306 (low pressure) to 2300 (high pressure) cm(-1) due to acetonitrile interaction with isolated framework titanium cations with probably one Ti(4+) cation in their second coordination shell. The spectroscopic results are compared with computational data obtained on cluster models of titanium-silicate with different titanium content. According to the IR data, the Ti accessibility on the surfaces for mesoporous titanium-silicates with similar Ti loading (2 wt %) was found to fall in the order TiO(2)-SiO(2) aerogel approximately TiO(2)-SiO(2) xerogel > Ti-MMM approximately Ti-MMM-2 > Ti-SBA-15. This order (except TiO(2)-SiO(2) xerogel) correlates with the catalytic activity found previously for titanium-silicates in 2,3,6-trimethylphenol oxidation with H(2)O(2).     

双杂原子介孔材料的合成及催化应用

在强酸性条件下,采用沸石前驱体溶液与表面活性剂自组装的方法,合成了双杂原子掺杂的介孔催化材料Sn/Ti-MS-1.表征结果显示,Sn/Ti-MS-1具有介孔结构,骨架中含有TS-1沸石的结构单元.在苯酚和2,3,6-三甲基苯酚的双氧水氧化反应中,焙烧前后的Sn/Ti-MS-1均表现出了良好的催化反应活性,表明其钛物种具...     

β-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-α-羟基丙酸异丙酯/冰片酯合成研究

以3,4-二羟基苯甲醛为起始原料, 经苄基保护、Darzens环氧化、Lewis酸开环、NaBH4还原、催化加氢脱保护得到β-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-α-羟基丙酸异丙酯和β-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-α-羟基丙酸冰片酯, 所得化合物的结构通过1H NMR、13C NMR, IR, MS证实. 该方法操作简单、毒性低、产物易于纯化.     

Differential pulse polarographic determination of tellurium. Application of catalytic hydrogen current

Tellurium deposited on the DME displaces the reduction potential of hydrogen and this results in the formation of a catalytic hydrogen current. Differential pulse polarographic measurement of the corresponding peak enables the determination of traces of tellurium down to the 1 ppb level. Using the method of standard addition, tellurium can be determined in the presence of all the metals usually accompanying tellurium in natural and industrial materials. In the cases when the material analyzed contains a larger excess of cadmium, silver or selenium, the separation of tellurium by extraction with methylisobutylketone should be employed.     

Three-phase microemulsion/sol-gel system for aqueous catalysis with hydrophobic chemicals

A facile three-phase transport process is described that allows to carry out catalytic reactions in water, whereby all components are hydrophobic. According to this process a hydrophobic substrate is microemulsified in water and subjected to an organometallic catalyst, which is entrapped within a partially hydrophobized sol-gel matrix. The surfactant molecules, which carry the hydrophobic substrate, adsorb/desorb reversibly on the surface of the sol-gel matrix breaking the micellar structure, spilling their substrate load into the porous medium that contains the catalyst. A catalytic reaction then takes place within the ceramic material to form the desired products that are extracted by the desorbing surfactant, carrying the emulsified product back into the solution. The method is general and versatile and has been demonstrated with the catalytic hydrogenations of alkenes, alkynes, aromatic C=C bonds, and nitro and cyano groups.     

甲醇水蒸气重整制氢CuAl2O4催化材料的研究

以γ-Al₂O₃为原料采用原位合成法制备CuAl₂O₄催化材料，通过XRF、XRD、BET和H₂-TPR等手段对催化材料进行表征，考察铜铝物质的量比对CuAl₂O₄催化材料结构、性质及其催化甲醇水蒸气重整制氢性能的影响。结果表明，不同铜铝物质的量比主要影响了铜物种的还原性能，从而影响了其催化甲醇水蒸气重整制氢的性能。当铜铝物质的量比为1：2时，CuAl₂O₄催化材料的催化性能较好，在反应温度为260℃，水醇物质的量比为1.2，甲醇气体空速为800 h^-1时，甲醇转化率为100%，产氢速率为895 mL/（kg·s）。     

硫化钴改性石墨炔构建S型异质结高效光催化产氢

石墨炔(GDY,g-C_nH_2n-2)作为一种新型的由sp和sp2杂化的碳原子构成的二维碳材料,因其独特的纳米级孔隙、二维层状共轭骨架结构及半导体性质等特性,使之在能源、电化学、光催化、光学、电子学等诸多领域具有显著优势.它作为一种具有良好的层状结构的新型碳材料,其可调节的电子结构弥补了石墨烯无明显带隙的缺点,有望在光催化分解水领域展现出广阔的应用前景.本文报道了以CuI粉末为催化剂制备石墨炔的新方法,并对其进行改性后制备了Co₉S₈-GDY-CuI新型复合材料;即通过有机合成法和水热法将GDY-CuI片层材料与Co₉S₈纳米颗粒复合,合理构建了S型异质结,展现出良好的光催化活性.石墨炔的层状结构有利于Co₉S₈纳米粒子的分散,能够有效避免粒子聚集,从而暴露出更多的活性位点.石墨炔独特的电子转移特性使得它与染料分子之间的相互作用和键合都能表现出良好的电子转移特性.因此,制备的Co₉S₈-GDY-CuI在染料敏化体系中的产氢活性达到了1411.82μmolg^-1h^-1,是纯石墨炔的10.29倍.通过表征技术深入研究了该复合材料产氢活性提高的内在原因.拉曼光谱研究结果表明材料中存在炔基键,X射线光电子能谱中碳拟合峰以C-C(sp2)和C-C(sp)的形式存在,且两者之间的峰面积之比约为1:2,该结果与理论值吻合.红外光谱结果表明,纯石墨炔和复合材料中存在C≡C.结合紫外可见漫反射和莫特-肖特基表征结果对材料的能带结构进行了深入分析并且提出了该反应的可能机理.结果表明,Co₉S₈-GDY-CuI样品之间形成了双S型异质结,有效地加速了电子的分离和转移.S型异质结的存在有利于提高材料内部的电荷分离效率,保留了更为有效的氧化还原电位,更有利于该材料光催化分解水反应的进行.此外,复合材料中Co₉S₈纳米粒子的引入提高了Co₉S₈-GDY-CuI对可见光的吸收能力,增强了对于可见光的利用率.光致发光光谱和电化学测试结果进一步证明了复合材料中光生电子-空穴对的复合被有效抑制,是Co₉S₈-GDY-CuI材料产氢活性得以提高的内在原因之一.上述研究表明,Co₉S₈-GDY-CuI之间异质结的构建为材料光催化反应的进行提供了一条有效的电子转移路径.本文为石墨炔材料在光催化分解水制氢相关领域提供了一个可借鉴的新思路.     

Total synthesis of (+)-mycalamide A

A convergent total synthesis of (+)-mycalamide A is described. A Yb(OTf)3-TMSCl catalytic system is used to synthesize a trioxadecalin ring system, which contains the right segment of mycalamide A. In addition, a tetrahydropyran ring, which is the left segment, is constructed with use of a novel one-pot delta-lactonization protocol. Both segments are prepared from a common starting material, d-mannitol. These segments are then coupled and the functional groups are transformed to synthesize (+)-mycalamide A.     

RNA cleavage by a DNA enzyme with extended chemical functionality.

In vitro selection techniques were applied to the development of a DNA enzyme that contains three catalytically essential imidazole groups and catalyzes the cleavage of RNA substrates. Nucleic acid libraries for selection were constructed by polymerase-catalyzed incorporation of C5-imidazole-functionalized deoxyuridine in place of thymidine. Chemical synthesis was used to define a minimized catalytic domain composed of only 12 residues. The catalytic domain forms a compact hairpin structure that displays the three imidazole-containing residues. The enzyme can be made to cleave RNAs of almost any sequence by simple alteration of the two substrate-recognition domains that surround the catalytic domain. The enzyme operates with multiple turnover in the presence of micromolar concentrations of Zn2+, exhibiting saturation kinetics and a catalytic rate of >1 min-1. The imidazole-containing DNA enzyme, one of the smallest known nucleic acid enzymes, combines the substrate-recognition properties of nucleic acid enzymes and the chemical functionality of protein enzymes in a molecule that is small, yet versatile and catalytically efficient.