催化褪色光度法测定废水中痕量镉

镉是环境中有严重污染作用的重金属之一,对人体健康危害很大,因而准确有效地测定各种样品中微量镉具有非常重要的意义.目前在镉的测定中,主要有比色法[1]、分光光度法[2,3]、原子吸收光谱法[4]、微分电位溶出法[5]、电感耦合等离子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)[6]等,但采用催化光度法测定镉的报道极少.     

微分电位溶出法同步测定水中铅镉

铅、镉对人体均是有毒元素 ,可在人体内蓄积。天然水中的铅、镉多来自采矿、冶金、电镀、化工等废水的污染。本文采用的微分电位溶出法 (ＤＰＳＡ) [1]同步测定水中铅、镉 ,较原子吸收光谱法和双硫腙光度法[2 ] 具有操作简便快速、灵敏度和分辨率高、重现性和回收率好、抗干扰能力强、检测费用低 ,易于掌握等优点。水样一般仅需酸化即可直接检测 ,无需再加入其它试剂 ,且常见量的其它离子不干扰检测。1　试验部分1.1　仪器与试剂ＭＰ 1型溶出分析仪 (山东电讯七厂 )三电极系统 :玻碳电极、铂电极、饱和甘汞电极镀汞液 :称取硝酸汞 68.5ｍｇ…     

原子吸收光谱法测定催化剂中高含量镍

加氢催化剂在我国炼油工业中一直起着十分重要的作用。其主要成分有硅、铝、钼、镍、磷等元素 ,这些金属元素在催化剂中大多以金属氧化物形式存在 ,该催化剂过去通常用硫酸溶解试样 ,光度法分析其中金属元素含量。但使用该溶样方法 ,无法进行原子吸收光谱法测定。本法在聚四氟乙烯压力溶弹内 ,用王水作溶剂溶解样品 ,具有试剂用量少 ,免受污染等优点。目前应用较为广泛的测定镍的方法有分光光度法[1] 、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法[2 ] 、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法[3] 。分光光度法需较长时间 ,操作复杂 ,所用试剂比较多 ;石墨炉原子吸收光谱法…     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定杨树叶中镉

镉是1817年冶金学家F·Stromger在氧化锌中发现的。镉的毒性问题是经过相当长的时期逐渐被认识的。从20世纪70年代开始,国际上逐渐重视镉污染与健康危害的研究[1]。近年来我国也很重视食品中重金属的污染问题。因此做好质控样品中镉的检测工作十分重要。本文采用干灰化法消化样品,同时用磷酸二氢铵作基体改进剂消除原子化信号出现的双峰,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接进行样品中镉含量测定,方法简便快速,分析结果满意。1试验部分1.1仪器与试剂AA6501原子吸收光谱仪镉标准溶液:1.000 0 g·L-1,用0.5 mol·L-1硝酸逐级稀释为工作液。1.2样品处…     

悬浮液进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定高锌天麻中锌

天麻中含有大量人体必须的微量元素 ,利用人工强化载培方式 ,增加天麻中锌的含量 ,在医学上具有重大的应用前景。天麻中锌的测定 ,一般采用消化后原子吸收光谱法测定[1] 。但这种方法费时费事 ,又宜造成污染。悬浮液石墨炉原子吸收光谱法在固体样品分析中取得了满意的结果。但悬浮液火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定固体样品时存在一些困难 ,主要是颗粒样品传输和原子化时间不充分问题 [2 ] 。本文对悬浮液天麻样品中锌含量的火焰原子吸收光谱法进行了研究。结果表明 ,天麻样品中含有很多可溶性物质 ,样品溶解后 ,可形成较均匀的悬浮液 ,用原子吸…     

示波极谱法测定饮料中铅和镉

铅和镉是人类重点研究的有害元素，目前测定方法有原子吸收光谱法、双硫腙比色法、微分电位溶出法、示波极谱法等。本文在文献[2，3]的基础上研究了饮料中铅和镉的示波极谱法，对底液条件、准确度、精密度、干扰因素等进行试验，结果满意。     

环境样品中生物可利用态镉的反相离子对-HPLC-荧光检测

镉是一种有毒的重金属元素 ,是生态环境中最常见和最主要的污染元素之一 [1] .目前 ,用于镉的测定方法主要有原子吸收法 [2 ]、ICP- MS法 [3]和荧光分光光度法 [4 ] ,但这些方法由于灵敏度或者选择性的限制以及来自基体的严重干扰等问题 ,常常在实际样品测定中遇到困难 .高效液相色谱及其联用技术的发展使复杂样品中痕量元素的测定得以实现 [5～ 7] .本文将长链的阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 ( HTMAB)作为离子对试剂 ,8-羟基喹啉 - 5 -磺酸 ( HQS)作为在线配位及荧光衍生试剂 ,建立了镉的离子对色谱检测方法 ,并应用于土壤…     

泡沫塑料吸附-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中痕量镉

用原子吸收光谱法测定水中镉时,为提高测定灵敏度,多采用有机试剂萃取富集的方法[1]。但萃取所用的试剂挥发性强、毒性大,对环境污染较大,损害人体健康。试验中发现,在I-存在的条件下,泡沫塑料(以下简称泡塑)可定量富集磷酸介质中以[CdI4]2-形式存在的镉,并且富集后的镉可在硫脲溶液中得到完全解脱。本文对该体系进行了研究,建立了测定水中痕量镉的方法,该方法中镉的吸附率高,解脱方便,测定结果稳定可靠,用于水样中痕量镉的分析,结果满意。1试验部分1.1仪器与试剂GGX-9型原子吸收光谱仪。镉标准溶液:按常规方法配制成1 g·L-1,使用时逐级…     

食品中镉的检测技术

本文综述了近年来国内食品中镉的检测技术,包括火焰原子吸收光谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、分光光度法、阳极溶出伏安法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法等传统检测技术,以及生物化学传感器法、免疫分析法、酶分析法和试纸法等快速检测技术(引用文献42篇)。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锡锌合金丝中的镉

<正>锡锌合金丝属于软钎焊料,是金属化薄膜电容器端面喷金的一类电子焊接材料。电子设备热喷涂用锌和锌合金丝标准规范ASTM B943-2009要求镉的质量分数不大于0.005%。对于纯锡和锡基合金中镉的标准分析方法有邻菲啰啉光度法[1]和火焰原子吸收光谱法[1-3],对于纯锌和锌基合金中镉的标准分析方法有火焰原子吸收光谱法[4-6]。锡锌合金中镉的原子吸收光谱法国内鲜见报道。本工作采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锡锌合金     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.