C反应蛋白电化学免疫传感器的研究进展

C反应蛋白（CRP）是炎症、心血管、冠心病以及败血症等疾病的临床生物标志物,经常用于评估和监测多种疾病,具有重要的临床意义。电化学免疫传感器具有多功能性、操作简单、成本低以及体积小等特性,已经广泛应用于临床诊断、环境检测、制药工程等领域。基于抗体和适配体2种生物识别元件,分析了这2类电化学免疫传感器的优缺点,概述了其在检测CRP中的研究进展,并展望了CRP电化学免疫传感器的研究方向。     

海洋毒素电化学生物传感器

由藻类产生的海洋毒素对人类健康和环境安全构成了较大威胁,对其进行快速准确的检测是减小海洋毒素危害的有效手段之一。电化学生物传感器具有快速简便、灵敏度高、检测限低和成本低等特点,为检测海洋毒素提供了新的技术途径。目前,应用于海洋毒素检测中的电化学生物传感器主要有免疫传感器、酶传感器和DNA传感器等。本文综述了迄今为止国内外海洋毒素电化学生物传感器研究所取得的成果,并对其当前研究存在的问题和未来发展趋势进行探讨和展望。     

核酸等温扩增技术在电化学生物传感器中的应用

生物分子检测在临床诊断、基因治疗、基因突变分析等方面变得日益重要,因而,建立简单、快速、灵敏的检测方法具有重要意义。近年,电化学生物传感器因其简单、便携、易操作、成本低等优势在生物分子检测的研究中备受关注。为了提高检测方法的灵敏度,不同的核酸等温扩增技术被应用于电化学生物传感器的构建中。本文简单介绍了电化学生物传感器的工作原理,着重综述了几种主要应用于电化学传感器中的核酸等温扩增技术,同时比较了各方法的优缺点。     

DNA电化学生物传感器在重金属快速检测中的研究进展

DNA电化学生物传感器是一类以DNA为敏感元件或检测对象,将核酸分子特异性识别过程中产生的信号通过换能器转化为电信号,从而实现对目标物定性或定量检测的传感器,具有响应速度快、操作简单、选择性好、灵敏度高、检测成本低等优点,实现了多领域中重金属、真菌毒素、核酸等的快速实时检测。介绍了DNA电化学生物传感器的组装单元、电化学指示剂类型,以DNA二级构型角度综述了DNA电化学生物传感器的四大类特殊结构,并汇总其在临床、中医药、生态环境保护及食品安全等领域中重金属的检测应用研究,对新型DNA电化学生物传感器的设计与其在更多领域的拓展应用提供借鉴价值。     

纳米电化学生物传感器

纳米电化学生物传感器是将纳米材料作为一种新型的生物传感介质,与特异性分子识别物质如酶、抗原/抗体、DNA等相结合,并以电化学信号为检测信号的分析器件。本文简要介绍了生物传感器的分类和纳米材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用及其优势,综述了近年来各类纳米电化学生物传感器在生物检测方面的研究进展,包括纳米颗粒生物传感器,纳米管、纳米棒、纳米纤维与纳米线生物传感器,以及纳米片与纳米阵列生物传感器等。     

基于电化学生物传感器的重金属离子检测研究进展

电化学生物传感器是基于抗原抗体、酶、核酸适配体、蛋白质、细胞等各种生物成分建立的电化学方法,由于这些生物成分具有强的特异性,决定了电化学生物传感器具有高选择性。同时该方法还具有便捷快速、灵敏、操作简单等优点,已经被广泛应用于污染物重金属离子的检测,并具有良好的应用前景。本文综述了近年来基于各种生物成分的电化学生物传感器在重金属离子检测中的应用,并对该领域未来的发展趋势做了展望。     

基于多肽的电化学传感器在蛋白质检测中应用的研究进展

生物体内的细胞通常会分泌各种各样的蛋白质,这些蛋白质在生物体中发挥着重要作用,尤其是可被用于诊断各种疾病的发生和发展。多肽具有良好选择性、空间适应能力和识别灵活的特点,可与不同类型的蛋白分子形成非共价键,用于蛋白质的生物检测。将多肽与电化学生物传感器结合用于蛋白质的广谱检测具有良好的发展前景。本文介绍了多肽修饰的电化学传感器在不同蛋白质检测方面的研究进展,分析了待测蛋白质的不同对多肽修饰的电化学传感器分类的影响及其优缺点,提出了基于多肽的电化学传感器在不同蛋白质检测中存在的问题,并展望了其未来发展。     

胆固醇电化学生物传感器的研究与进展

胆固醇作为一些疾病的重要生物标志物,开发准确且快速的胆固醇检测技术在生物医学应用中具有重要意义。电化学生物传感技术具有检测速度快、灵敏度高、操作方便等优点,成为研制新型高性能胆固醇传感器的主要研究方向。近年来,材料合成技术的提高,新型材料种类的丰富,促进了胆固醇电化学生物传感器在脑和心脏血管疾病临床分析中蓬勃发展。本文以材料为主线,综述了近年来利用导电聚合物、金属及其氧化物纳米材料、碳纳米材料和其他复合功能材料为电极修饰材料,以胆固醇氧化酶为固载酶设计的胆固醇电化学生物传感器的最新进展。     

用于细胞检测的微电极传感器设计及传感分析

本文针对肿瘤细胞的活性检测、神经细胞的神经递质检测与巨噬细胞等的氧化损伤检测等细胞检测中的核心问题,简要介绍电化学生化传感器和传感方法在细胞检测领域的应用和发展,重点对不同微电极结构的电化学传感器的设计制作、细胞检测方法及应用进展进行了综述。电化学生化传感器从单一检测电极向集成多功能和阵列式电极发展,从单个电极传感检测模式向芯片集成微电极式传感系统发展,而在其生物相容性、检测限和检测效率等方面尚需进一步提升和拓展。基于微机电系统(MEMS)技术制作的微电极研制,电极表面的多种化学和生物修饰的敏感膜研究,从硅基到聚合物柔性基底电极的材料拓展,小体积、植入式、可穿戴式的电化学生化传感器研制等是目前发展的方向,其在临床检验、精准医疗、运动健康监测、老年健康服务等诸多领域中显示出巨大的应用前景。     

酶标记的电化学DNA传感器

对特异DNA序列的检测,在基因相关疾病的诊断、军事反恐和环境监测等方面均具有非常重要的意义.DNA传感器的研究就是为了满足对特异DNA序列的快速、便捷、高灵敏度和高选择性检测的需要.近年来涌现出多种传感策略,根据其检测方法大致可以分为光学传感器、电化学传感器和声学传感器等.由于电化学检测方法本身所具有的灵敏、快速、低成本和低能耗等特点,电化学DNA传感器已成为一个非常活跃的研究领域并得到了快速发展.     

A highly sensitive microRNA biosensor based on ruthenium oxide nanoparticle-initiated polymerization of aniline

Well-defined voltammetric current peaks of polyaniline were observed at biosensors hybridized with ruthenium oxide nanoparticle-tagged microRNAs and incubated in a mixture of aniline/H(2)O(2), which can be used for direct microRNA expression profiling with excellent sensitivity.     

Construction of high stability indium gallium zinc oxide transistor biosensors for reliable detection of bladder cancer-associated microRNA

Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumours with high morbidity, mortality and recurrence.However, currently developed detection methods for bladder cancer-associated urine biomarkers are hindered by their extremely low abundance. Hence, the exploration of a highly sensitive and selective approach for the detection of trace bladder cancer-associated biomarkers in human urine is of vital importance for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Herein, we developed a highly reliable indium gallium ...     

Sequence-specific detection of MicroRNAs by signal-amplifying ribozymes

The rational and straightforward design of hairpin ribozymes that can be sequence-specifically induced by external oligonucleotides is described. Due to intrinsic signal amplification, their sensitivity is at least an order of magnitude increased compared to standard molecular beacons. We applied this system to the detection of microRNAs, a recently discovered class of small endogenous RNA molecules that are involved in gene regulation. We show that the cognate microRNA can reliably and sensitively be detected at low concentrations in a mix of other microRNA sequences. These probes may be useful in applications that require direct detection of minute amounts of small DNAs or RNAs.     

Rapid microRNA detection using power-free microfluidic chip: coaxial stacking effect enhances the sandwich hybridization

We present a new method for rapid microRNA detection with a small volume of sample using the power-free microfluidic device driven by degassed PDMS. Target microRNA was detected by sandwich hybridization taking advantage of the coaxial stacking effect. This method allows us to detect miR-21 in 20 min with a 0.5 μL sample volume at a limit of detection of 0.62 nM. Since microRNAs can act as cancer markers, this method might substantially contribute to future point-of-care cancer diagnosis.     

Surface plasmon resonance applications in clinical analysis

In the last 20 years, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and its advancement with imaging (SPRi) emerged as a suitable and reliable platform in clinical analysis for label-free, sensitive, and real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions. Thus, we report in this review the state of the art of clinical target detection with SPR-based biosensors in complex matrices (e.g., serum, saliva, blood, and urine) as well as in standard solution when innovative approaches or advanced instrumentations were employed for improved detection. The principles of SPR-based biosensors are summarized first, focusing on the physical properties of the transducer, on the assays design, on the immobilization chemistry, and on new trends for implementing system analytical performances (e.g., coupling with nanoparticles (NPs). Then we critically review the detection of analytes of interest in molecular diagnostics, such as hormones (relevant also for anti-doping control) and biomarkers of interest in inflammatory, cancer, and heart failure diseases. Antibody detection is reported in relation to immune disorder diagnostics. Subsequently, nucleic acid targets are considered for revealing genetic diseases (e.g., point mutation and single nucleotides polymorphism, SNPs) as well as new emerging clinical markers (microRNA) and for pathogen detection. Finally, examples of pathogen detection by immunosensing were also analyzed. A parallel comparison with the reference methods was duly made, indicating the progress brought about by SPR technologies in clinical routine analysis.     

Silicon nanowire biosensor and its applications in disease diagnostics: A review

Over the past decade, silicon nanowire (SiNW) biosensors have been studied for the detection of biological molecules as highly sensitive, label-free, and electrical tools. Herein we present a comprehensive review about the fabrication of SiNW biosensors and their applications in disease diagnostics. We discuss the detection of important biomarkers related to diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases. SiNW biosensors hold great promise to realize point-of-care (POC) devices for disease diagnostics with potential for miniaturization and integration.     

The role of biosensors in the detection of emerging infectious diseases

Global biosecurity threats such as the spread of emerging infectious diseases (i.e., avian influenza, SARS, Hendra, Nipah, etc.) and bioterrorism have generated significant interest in recent years. There is considerable effort directed towards understanding and negating the proliferation of infectious diseases. Biosensors are an attractive tool which have the potential to detect the outbreak of a virus and/or disease. Although there is a host of technologies available, either commercially or in the scientific literature, the development of biosensors for the detection of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) is still in its infancy. There is no doubt that the glucose biosensor, the gene chip, the protein chip, etc. have all played and are still playing a significant role in monitoring various biomolecules. Can biosensors play an important role for the detection of emerging infectious diseases? What does the future hold and which biosensor technology platform is suitable for the real-time detection of infectious diseases? These and many other questions will be addressed in this review. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of biosensors particularly in relation to EIDs. It provides a synopsis of the various types of biosensor technologies that have been used to detect EIDs, and describes some of the technologies behind them in terms of transduction and bioreceptor principles.