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1.
酸促进的氨基甲酸酯醇解合成碳酸酯   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
在较低温度和压力下,以氯化氢为共反应物或沸石分子筛为催化剂,由氨基甲酸酯与醇反应合成多种碳酸酯。氯化铵沉淀的生成或沸石分子筛对氨气的吸附,可推动反应平衡,使碳酸酯的生成达到较高收率。以氯化氢为共反应物时,反应温度为60℃,最高产率达58%;而以沸石分子筛为催化剂,反应温度为140℃时,最高产率是19%。  相似文献   

2.
Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate offers prospects for a “green chemistry” replacement to eliminate use of phosgene for polymer production and other processes. The carbonylation of methanol to produce dimethyl carbonate over Cu+X and Cu+ZSM-5 zeolites prepared by solid-state ion exchange has been investigated, focusing on the interaction of carbon monoxide with the Cu+ zeolites. The methanol carbonylation mechanism reported previously has been extended to account for carbon monoxide adsorption at high pressure. The comparison of the results obtained from Cu+X and Cu+ZSM-5 show that strong CO adsorption on the catalyst is not related to increased rate of dimethyl carbonate production. The rate limiting step for DMC production is best described as the Eley-Rideal reaction of gas-phase CO with surface methoxide.  相似文献   

3.
酰氯是一类用途非常广泛的重要有机合成中间体,在工业上制备酰氯主要使用的氯化剂包括PCl3、PCl5、SOCl2、光气等,充分反应后通过过滤、蒸馏等工艺进行脱色提纯制得酰氯。光气法由于对环境污染较低,是目前最常用的方法。三光气可以分解成光气,其优良的物理、化学性质以及便捷的储存和运输条件是光气的最佳替代化学品。但由于光气活性较低,在使用过程中添加催化剂必不可少,本文将重点介绍目前光气法制备酰氯时所使用的各种催化剂及其性能。  相似文献   

4.
陈建华  李东洋  刘盛华  谭英  尹军 《应用化学》2017,34(12):1413-1432
剧毒性光气、神经毒剂对社会安全和人类健康造成了极大的威胁,而传统的检测方法无法在活细胞等微环境体系中对光气、神经毒剂进行检测。荧光探针因其选择性好、灵敏度高、适合于细胞检测等优点而被广泛使用。本文主要综述了近年来在光气、神经毒剂类荧光探针领域所取得的最新研究成果,并对该领域的发展进行了展望。  相似文献   

5.
A highly sensitive chemodosimeter was identified from a panel of rhodamine derivatives for rapid and visual detection of phosgene with a detection limit of 50 nM triphosgene. Visual detection of gaseous phosgene with chemodosimeter absorbed paper strips was demonstrated.  相似文献   

6.
A porous cellulose tape impregnated with a processing solution that includes 4-p-nitroben-zylpyridine, N-benzylaniline and methanol is a highly sensitive means of detecting phosgene and maintains stable sensitivity for at least three months in air in a desiccator. When the sample including phosgene was passed through the tape, the color of tape changed to red. The degree of color change was proportional to the concentration of phosgene at a constant sampling time and flow rate. The degree of color change could be recorded by measuring the intensity of reflecting light (555 nm). The detection limit was 6 ppb for phosgene with a sampling time of 60 sec and a flow rate of 400 ml/min. Reproducibility tests showed that the relative standard deviation of response (n = 10) was 2.6% for 0.2 ppm phosgene. No interference was observed from ethanol (1 vol.%), trichloroethylene (1 vol.%), acetone (1 vol.%), carbon dioxide (4.9 vol.%), carbon monoxide (100 ppm), nitrogen dioxide (100 ppm), sulfur dioxide (50 ppm), hydrogen chloride gas (5 ppm), chlorine (3 ppm), acetic acid gas (24 ppm), ammonia (40 ppm), or benzyl chloride (20 ppm).  相似文献   

7.
Phosgene has attracted wide attention because of its important applications and value in modern industry, agriculture, and other fields, though it easily leaks and is difficult to detect. In this work, we designed and synthesized a naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe, which is easy to prepare, stable, and able to discriminate between phosgene, acetyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, and tosyl chloride. Our results indicate that the probe can react with phosgene selectively and sensitively, showing remarkable ratiometric fluorescence changes. Furthermore, the probe can be made into test strips, which can determine phosgene in air effectively. The present work provides a novel class of naphthalimide-based derivatives with potential application in phosgene sensing in real time simply and safely with further optimization.  相似文献   

8.
The reactivity of phosgene and perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) towards 1,2-bis-nucleophiles was exploited to allow determination of these gases in air samples. 2-Aminothiophenol (ATP), 3,4-dimercaptotoluene (DMT) and 2-hydroxymethylpiperidine (HMP) were evaluated as bis-nucleophiles capable of forming thermally-stable derivatives with phosgene and PFIB when loaded with triethylamine onto Tenax TA. Experimental design was used to optimise thermal desorption conditions. Detection limits in the low ngm(-3) range were observed for the five derivatives investigated. This work represents the most sensitive analytical method for trace level quantitation of phosgene and PFIB published to date.  相似文献   

9.
利用分子模拟的方法研究了微量光气(COCl2)在微孔材料中的吸附和扩散性能, 并分析了材料结构的影响. 结果表明, 光气在金属有机框架材料(MOF)和共价有机框架材料(COF)中的吸附等温线主要表现为第Ⅰ类型和第Ⅴ类型吸附. 当光气压力较低时, COF材料和含有开放金属位点的材料对其吸附性能较好. 通过对不同压力下吸附量的比较发现, 吸附达到饱和前, 随着压力和孔隙率(VF)的升高, 材料对光气的吸附量增大. 通过分子动力学模拟研究光气在微孔材料中的扩散性能发现, 较强吸附位点的存在不利于光气在孔道中的扩散. 通过气体分子在材料中的径向函数分布图及模拟轨迹分析发现, 分子协同效应和空间位阻效应相互竞争决定了扩散速率的快慢. 综合评价材料的吸附和扩散性能发现, COF-102, COF-300, ZnMOF-74, Zn-DOBDC和PCN-60是理想的吸附材料, 这些材料可以应用于环境中光气泄漏的防治.  相似文献   

10.
The toxicity of phosgene (COCl2) combined with its extensive use as a reactant and building block in the chemical industry make its fast and accurate detection a prerequisite. We have developed a carboxylic derivative of 5,6-pinenepyridine which is able to act as colorimetric and fluorimetric sensor for phosgene in air and solution. For the first time, the formation of a pyrido-[2,1-a]isoindolone was used for this purpose. In solution, the sensing reaction is extremely fast (under 5 s), selective and highly sensitive, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.7 nM/0.8 ppb. When fixed on a solid support, the sensor is able to detect the presence of gaseous phosgene down to concentrations of 0.1 ppm, one of the lowest values reported to date.  相似文献   

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