手性过渡金属(Mn,Co,Ni)-Salen配合物催化NaOCl不对称环氧化苯乙烯的反应研究

本文论述了由手性1,2-二苯基乙二胺与适当取代的邻羟基苯甲醛生成的希佛碱作为过渡金属Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅲ)、Mn(Ⅲ)的配体合成的6种过渡金属-Salen配合物在NaOCl下均相催化苯乙烯不对称环氧化反应的效果。对环氧化反应进行控制性研究,我们发现环氧化反应与中心金属离子的相关性可能主要源于配体结构、金属离子的选择及二者结合而形成的配合物的空间构型。好的不对称环氧化反应催化剂要求中心金属离子具有适当的氧化还原电位,对底物烯烃因其取代基的大小,催化剂结构的空间构型应有好坏之分,我们得到的循环伏安数据及实验结果部分说明这一点。同时对手性镍(Ⅱ)-Salen及手性锰(Ⅲ)-Salen配合物的催化反应机理配合实验现象分别作出假设,都经过自由基历程,但却是截然不同的活性氧化物种,同时,由于起主要作用的不对称诱导因素不同,不对称诱导方向有异。对同一催化剂在不同pH值下起作用的活性氧化物种类别也可能不同。     

四氯苯基卟啉锰配合物催化苯乙烯不对称环氧化反应

金属卟啉;催化剂;对映体过量;四氯苯基卟啉锰配合物催化苯乙烯不对称环氧化反应     

手性席夫碱配合物用于催化不对称环氧化

手性席夫碱过渡金属配合物可以高效催化烯烃不对称环氧化反应,因此其合成及催化性能研究一直以来受到广泛的关注.本文较详细地综述了最近十年来合成的手性席夫碱过渡金属配合物及其对烯烃环氧化反应的催化性能的研究进展.重点讨论了新型的对称和非对称salen型配体过渡金属配合物的合成及其应用,分析探讨了手性席夫碱过渡金属配合物作为催化剂的优缺点、催化机理和未来发展方向.     

高分子手性催化剂在不对称合成应用中的新进展

主要综述了1990－1999年期间高分子手性催化剂在不对称还原，烷基化，Diels-Alder，醇醛缩合，氢甲酰化，环氧化，双二羟基化反应等不对称合成领域的应用研究最新进展。     

脯氨酸衍生的胺基吡啶四氮锰配合物催化双氧水参与的烯烃不对称环氧化反应（英文）

自然界中存在许多的金属酶,它们参与促进各种各样的氧化反应,例如羟化反应,环氧化反应等.金属酶催化的反应具有催化效率高、反应条件温和、选择性高等优点.受大自然中的金属酶结构及其性质的启发,人们提出了仿生催化氧化的理念,并开始对金属酶进行模拟,致力于发展清洁氧化的反应方式.在过去的几十年中,科学家们设计合成了一系列仿生金属配合物催化剂.例如,利用非手性的乙二胺骨架设计合成出四齿氮配体MEP(N,N'-dimethylN,N'-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine),将其制备成相应的铁配合物催化剂,该铁催化剂可以很好的实现脂肪族烯烃的环氧化,产率高达90%.2003年,Stack小组首次报道了利用手性N,N-二甲基环己二胺骨架衍生的四齿氮配体金属配合物Mn-MCP-(OTf)2(MCP=N,N-dimethyl-N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine)催化的不对称环氧化反应.该反应的对映选择性仅仅为10%.因此,发展新型手性四氮配体金属配合物,用于高产率、高对映选择性的不对称环氧化反应,值得进行深入研究.近年来发展的一些含手性二胺骨架的四齿氮配体,例如PDP(2-[[2-(1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]pyridine),被应用到不对称环氧化反应中,但是其手性二胺骨架为联吡咯,价格昂贵,难以制备.这在很大程度上限制了其在不对称合成中的实际应用.因此,利用一些易于合成的手性二胺骨架,发展结构新颖、催化性能优良的四氮金属配合物,成为实现高效、高选择性不对称环氧化反应的关键.在之前的工作基础上,本文以简单易得、价格低廉的天然氨基酸——L-脯氨酸为起始原料,选取吡啶环和含取代基的吡啶环作为侧基氮供体,制备了三种手性四齿氮配体.随后,我们利用新发展的手性四齿氮配体,合成了相应的锰配合物,并且分别将其运用于烯烃不对称环氧化反应中,仔细评估了这些锰金属配合物的催化性能.建立了以0.2 mol%的锰配合物为催化剂,0.5当量的2,2-二甲基丁酸为添加剂,30%双氧水为氧化剂,反应温度为–30 oC,乙腈为溶剂的催化不对称环氧化反应体系.反应结果显示:该催化剂催化的不对称环氧化反应底物适用性广泛,其中苯乙烯、苯并吡喃、烯酰胺等化合物均可以被成功地转化为相应的环氧化物,得到中等至优异的对映选择性(产率最高可达95%,对映选择性最高可达99%).     

手性Salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物催化NaOCl不对称环氧化苯乙烯反应

手性Salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物催化NaOCl不对称环氧化苯乙烯反应;不对称环氧化;Salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物;苯乙烯;NaOCl     

有机不对称放大反应研究进展

概述了不对称放大的提出，不对称放大反应类型，不对称放大反应类型，不对称放大反应中关键配合物的以及不对称放大的数学模型。     

四氮金属配合物仿生催化不对称氧化研究进展

非血红素四氮锰、铁配合物催化的不对称氧化反应是有机合成化学中的重要转化.这类催化剂通过模拟自然界中金属酶的结构与功能特点实现了高效的催化不对称氧化,成功地在产物分子中引入手性中心,从而构建出一类有潜在应用价值的化合物.在这些四氮配体的设计中, N,N’-二甲基-1,2-环己二胺、联吡咯和脯氨酸的衍生物是主要的二胺骨架,与吡啶、苯并咪唑侧基的不同组合可以制备出各种催化活性的仿生配合物.同时配体取代基的调整也会对不对称氧化反应产生巨大的影响.给电子基和大位阻羧酸效应显著提高了仿生催化不对称氧化反应的效率和对映选择性.我们综述了近年来非血红素锰、铁配合物催化不对称氧化反应的研究进展,主要包含N,N’-二甲基-1,2-环己二胺、联吡咯和脯氨酸的衍生物作为二胺骨架,吡啶和苯并咪唑作为侧基的四氮配合物的结构设计以及配体结构对不对称环氧化和C-H键氧化反应活性的影响,并对该领域的发展前景做出了展望.     

新型分子筛SBA-15固载手性Salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物的合成及其催化性能的研究

手性催化剂在现代有机合成领域有着十分广泛的应用^[1]，其中Jacobsen型催化剂在非官能化烯烃的不对称环氧化反应中有很好的效果^[2]，但是在均相条件下存在着催化剂与产物难以分离的问题，多相催化剂较均相催化剂有许多的优点，其中之一就是易于和产物分离，所以近年来，手性配合物的固     

手性四氮锰配合物催化α,β-不饱和烯酮不对称环氧化反应研究

合成了(R,R)-N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine(R,R-mcp)及其相应的锰配合物,并将其锰配合物用于α,β-不饱和酮的不对称环氧化反应.考察了催化剂的量和氧化剂对反应的影响.并研究了在底物∶双氧水∶乙酸=1∶6∶5的条件下该催化剂的底物适用范围,获得了的56-70%的ee值.     

同核铁系双金属络合物及其在均相催化体系中的应用

随着合成化学的不断发展,开发高活性催化剂来活化一些惰性化学键或者惰性分子受到越来越多的关注。双核金属络合物作为一类特殊的催化剂展现出了不同于单核金属催化剂的催化活性。在双核过渡金属催化体系中,因两个金属中心存在协同作用而表现出了独特的催化活性。铁、钴、镍为第四周期第VIII族元素,也称为铁系元素。该类金属廉价易得且参与的催化反应种类繁多,近年来引起了人们的广泛关注。本综述重点介绍了近年来同核双金属铁系络合物的合成及其表征。同时,对相关同核铁、钴以及镍催化剂在均相催化体系中的应用也进行了详细的介绍和总结。     

聚类卟啉金属配合物

为模拟天然卟啉所具有的特殊生理活性，结构与性能各异的多种金属卟啉被合成并应用于许多领域。实际上，天然金属卟啉是在特定天然高分子-蛋白质营造的空穴中才能发挥其独特的性质，因此，类卟啉金属配合物的高分子化逐渐受到关注，并在载氧、催化、导电等领域取得重要成果。基于结合方式不同，高分子类卟啉金属配合物可分为高分子担载类卟啉金属配合物与聚类卟啉金属配合物。其中，后者以稳定的类卟啉环作为高分子链，不但使高分子骨架稳定，而且活性中心与类卟啉金属配合物之间有效间隔，同时活性中心相对密集，使其表现出较高的稳定性与活性。线形与平面型聚金属卟啉与金属酞菁表现出良好的导电性与催化活性；手性Salen席夫碱易于聚合得到线形或网状聚Salen希夫碱金属配合物，其表现出较强的催化活性、高ee值和可循环性。异双核聚类卟啉金属配合物也表现出较强的催化活化分子氧性能。     

聚醚桥连二异羟肟酸单核和双核过渡金属配合物催化PNPP水解

Two polyether bridged dihydroxamic acids and their mono-and binuclear manganese(Ⅱ), zinc(Ⅱ) complexes have been synthesized and employed as models to mimic hydrolase in catalytic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate (PNPP). The reaction kinetics and the mechanism of hydrolysis of PNPP have been investigated. The kinetic mathematical model for PNPP cleaved by the complexes has been proposed. The effects of the different central metal ion, mono-and binuclear metal, the pseudo-macrocyclic polyether constructed by polyethoxy group of the complexes, and reactive temperature on the rate for catalytic hydrolysis of PNPP have been examined. The results showed that the transition metal dthydroxamates exhibited high catalytic activity to the hydrolysis of PNPP, the catalytic activity of binuclear complexes was higher than that of mononuclear ones, and the pseudo-macrocyclic polyether might synergetically activate H20 coordinated to metal ion with central metal ion together and promote the catalytic hydrolysis of PNPP.     

Catalytic Kinetics of the Schiff Base Metal Complexes Bearing Side Chain of Cyclic morpholine in Carboxylic Ester Hydrolysis

It has been reported that two Schiff base transition metal complexes bearing the side chain of the morpholine ring were synthesized and characterized, and two complexes with the same base agent but different metal ions were used as a simulant hydrolase in the catalytic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate in this paper. The mechanism of PNPP catalytic hydrolysis is proposed and supported by the results of the spectral analysis and the kinetic calculation. A kinetic mathematical model, applied to the calculation of the kinetic and thermodynamics parameters of PNPP catalytic hydrolysis, has been established on the foundation of the mechanism proposed. The result of the study shows that the two complexes have a good catalytic activity in PNPP catalytic hydrolysis, and the rate of the PNPP catalytic hydrolysis was increased with the increase of the pH values in the buffer solution and affected by the polarization effect of metal ion of the complexes.     

Catalysis of the silica sol-gel process by divalent transition metal bis(acetylacetonate) complexes

Transition metal bis(acetylacetonate) complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) have been found to be active catalysts for the sol-gel process. The catalytic activity of these complexes decreases in going from Co(II) to Zn(II) and is highest for the acetylacetonate ligand system. 29Si NMR studies show that the complexes act primarily as condensation catalysts and are, in that regard, similar to Br?nsted bases such as hydroxide. Mechanistically, however, they appear to differ significantly from hydroxide in how they induce condensation. This is revealed in the catalyst concentration dependence, which is 1/2 order for the metal complexes and 1st order in hydroxide. Differences are also apparent in the thermochemical parameters that indicate that the metal complexes act to increase the entropy of the transition state leading to condensation. The catalytic activity is proportional to the degree of ligand dissociation of the metal complex, and experiments suggest that the active catalytic species is specifically the first dissociation product, MII(acac)+.     

廉价金属配合物催化的C-C与C-N键构建研究进展

综述了廉价金属铁、钴、锰等配合物催化的C-C与C-N键构建的研究进展。廉价金属配合物在催化反应中表现出不亚于贵金属配合物的催化活性，而且具有价格低廉、无毒等优点，因此成为近年来研究的热点。本文主要从廉价金属配合物催化的C-C键与C-N键的合成等方面进行总结，为今后廉价金属配合物的研究提供参考。     

Asymmetric Catalysis with Heterobimetallic Compounds

This review focuses on a new concept in catalytic asymmetric reactions that was first realized for the use of heterobimetallic complexes. As these heterobimetallic complexes function as both a Brønsted base and as a Lewis acid, just like an enzyme, they make possible a variety of efficient catalytic asymmetric reactions. This heterobimetallic concept should prove to be applicable to a variety of new asymmetric catalyses. The first part of this review describes the development of rare-earth–alkali metal complexes such as LnM₃tris(binaphthoxide) complexes (LnMB, Ln = rare-earth metal, M = alkali metal), which are readily prepared from the corresponding rare-earth trichlorides or rare-earth isopropoxides, and their application to catalytic asymmetric synthesis. By using a catalytic amount of LnMB complexes several asymmetric reactions proceed efficiently to give the corresponding desired products in up to 98% ee: LnLB-catalyzed asymmetric nitroaldol reactions (L = Li), LnSB-catalyzed asymmetric Michael reactions (S ? Na), and LnPB-catalyzed asymmetric hydrophosphonylations of either imines or aldehydes (P ? K). Applications of these heterobimetallic catalysts to the syntheses of several biologically and medicinally important compounds are also described. Spectral analyses and computational simulations of the asymmetric reactions catalyzed by the heterobimetallic complexes reveal that the two different metals play different roles to enhance the reactivity of both reaction partners and to position them. From mechanistic considerations, a useful activation of the heterobimetallic catalyses was realized by addition of alkali metal reagents. The second part describes the development of another type of heterobimetallic catalysts featuring Group 13 elements such as Al and Ga as the central metal. Among them, the AlLibis(binaphthoxide) complex (ALB) is an effective catalyst for asymmetric Michael reactions, tandem Michael–aldol reactions, and hydrophosphonylation of aldehydes.     

PNPP catalytic hydrolysis by mono- and binuclear transition-metal complexes with polyether-bridged dihydroxamic acids

Polyether-bridged dihydroxamic acids and their mono- and binuclear copper(II), and cobalt(II) complexes have been synthesized and employed as models to mimic hydrolase in the catalytic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate (PNPP). The kinetics and the mechanism of PNPP hydrolysis have been investigated. The kinetic mathematical model of PNPP cleavage by the complexes has been proposed. The effects of the different central metal ion, mono- and binuclear metal, the pseudo-macrocyclic polyether constructed by the polyethoxy group in complexes, and reactive temperature on the rate of PNPP catalytic hydrolysis have been examined. The results show that the transition-metal dihydroxamates exhibit high catalytic activity in the PNPP hydrolysis; the rate of the PNPP hydrolysis increases with the increase in pH of the buffer solution; the catalytic activity of binuclear complexes is higher than that of mononuclear complexes; the catalytic activity of copper(II) complex is about four times that of the cobalt(II) complex; the pseudo-macrocyclic polyether can synergetically activate H₂O coordinated to the metal ion with the central metal ion together and promote the PNPP catalytic hydrolysis.     

Nickel and palladium <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Synthesis and application in cross-coupling reactions

N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are widely used as ligands in catalysis by transition metal complexes. The catalytic activity of transition metal NHC complexes is much higher than that of the transition metal complexes bearing the phosphine and nitrogen-containing ligands. They show excellent catalytic performance in different transformations of the organic compounds, especially in the carbon—carbon and carbon—element bond forming reactions. Palladium NHC complexes are very efficient catalysts for the cross-coupling reactions. On the other hand, nickel is less expensive and regarded as a promising alternative to palladium and, therefore, it attracts increasing attention from the researches. The present review is focused on the recent advances in the synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of nickel and palladium and their application in catalysis of cross-coupling reactions of organic, organoelement and organometallic compounds with organic halides.