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1.
采用浸渍法制备了过渡金属掺杂的光催化剂MOx/TiO2(M=Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu).以乙酸的光催化氧化降解反应为探针,研究了催化剂的光催化性能.研究结果表明,经过渡金属掺杂改性的二氧化钛,光催化性能都有所提高.掺杂量有一个最佳值,在最佳掺杂量时,催化剂光催化性能的提高程度与对应金属氧化物的生成焓有很好的一致性,还发现光催化性能与过渡金属离子稳定氧化态的电子亲和势与离子半径的比值间呈现火山型关系曲线.  相似文献   

2.
本发明提供了一种催化剂体系,该催化剂体系包括:第一反应部分,其配备了至少含有作为活性成分的由选自硅石、氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化锆和氧化钨中的两种或多种氧化物组成的复合氧化物;和稀土金属或过渡金属(除Cu、Co、Ni、Mn、Cr和U之外),以及第二反应部分,其配备了至少含有作为活性成分的贵金属和硅石-氧化铝类复合氧化物的第二催化剂。  相似文献   

3.
过渡元素掺杂对纳米TiO_2光催化剂性能的影响   总被引:39,自引:2,他引:37  
以沉淀法制备得到了第一过渡系23至30号元素(V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)分别掺杂的纳米TiO_2光催化剂。考察了它们光催化降角水中十二烷基苯磺酸 钠的活性,研究了它们的光催化活性与催化剂微晶结构、电子亲和势与离子半径比 、离子的磁矩之间的关系。发现其催化活性的变化与这些元素的稳定氧化态的电子 亲和势与离子半径的比值和掺杂原子的磁矩具有较好的相关性。而催化剂的(101 )晶面的XRD衍射强度、微晶尺寸和晶格畸变应力对催化活性也具有一定的影响。  相似文献   

4.
过渡元素掺杂对纳米TiO_2光催化剂性能的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以沉淀法制备得到了第一过渡系23至30号元素(V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)分别掺杂的纳米TiO_2光催化剂。考察了它们光催化降角水中十二烷基苯磺酸 钠的活性,研究了它们的光催化活性与催化剂微晶结构、电子亲和势与离子半径比 、离子的磁矩之间的关系。发现其催化活性的变化与这些元素的稳定氧化态的电子 亲和势与离子半径的比值和掺杂原子的磁矩具有较好的相关性。而催化剂的(101 )晶面的XRD衍射强度、微晶尺寸和晶格畸变应力对催化活性也具有一定的影响。  相似文献   

5.
以活性炭为载体,通过溶胶-凝胶法分别制备了Fe、Ag、Zn、Mn和Cr过渡金属离子掺杂TiO2/活性炭(X-TiO2/AC,X-TA;X:过渡金属离子)复合体,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积(BET)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子自旋共振谱(ESR)和荧光光谱(FS)对其结构进行表征.以罗丹明B的光催化降解为探针实验,评价掺杂负载型复合体的双协同光催化性能和使用寿命,提出双协同光催化扩增机制,并探讨了掺杂率和负载率对双协同扩增效果影响.结果表明:通过活性炭吸附和离子掺杂对TiO2光催化性能表现出双协同扩增作用,导致X-TA对罗丹明B的降解速率常数kapp大于掺杂X-TiO2粉体和TA负载体之和.同时,掺杂率和负载率共同影响协同效应,当Fe离子掺杂率和Fe-TiO2负载率分别为0.3%和10%时,Fe-TA复合体kapp最大为0.0208min-1.另外,过渡金属离子掺杂对TiO2光催化性能提高程度按掺杂离子Ag、Zn、Mn、Cr、Fe递增.掺杂后金属离子的价态、得电子能力、比表面积和掺杂TiO2颗粒尺寸上的差异决定了不同离子掺杂负载型复合体催化性能不同,复合体寿命降低的主要原因是由于活性组分从载体上流失所引起.  相似文献   

6.
李峰  蒋文强  刘慧  卞贺  郑经堂 《分子催化》2011,25(4):336-340
采用溶液浸渍法制备TiO2并将其担载到瓷砖上,通过添加过渡金属离子和H2O2,来考察对TiO2光催化降解苯胺的影响,其动力学过程利用GM(1,1)模型进行模拟.结果表明,添加Cu2+、Mn2+和Co2+均能提高TiO2催化活性,且提高程度为Cu2+〉Mn2+〉Co2+;掺杂Ni2+反而降低其活性.H2O2能提高瓷砖固载...  相似文献   

7.
常温常湿条件下Au/MeO~x催化剂上CO氧化性能   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
王桂英  张文祥  蒋大振  吴通好 《化学学报》2000,58(12):1557-1562
利用共沉淀法制备了Au/MeO~x催化剂(Me=Al,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Zn)。在常温常湿条件下,考察了不同氧化物负载的金基催化剂的CO氧化性能。结果表明,氧化物种类对催化剂的活性和稳定性均有较大的影响。Cu,Mn,Cr等氧化物负载的金基催化剂的活性较差,而Zn,Fe,Co,Ni,Al等金属氧化物负载的金基催化剂可将CO完全氧化,又具有一定的稳定性,在相同反应条件下,CO完全转化时的稳定性顺序为Au/ZnO>Au/α-Fe~2O~3>Au/Co~3O~4>Au/γ-Al~2O~3≈Au/NiO。还发现水对Au/MnO~x催化剂的活性和稳定性有负作用,而对180℃焙烧制备的Au/ZnO-180催化剂的活性和稳定性均有明显的湿度增强作用。  相似文献   

8.
采用铝溶胶作为碳酸铵共沉淀的前驱体,结合乙醇超临界干燥制备了不同金属取代六铝酸盐催化剂(Ba0.8La0.2MAl11O19-α,M=Mn,Fe,Co,Cu),并用BET,XRD,TEM,UV-Vis和O2-TPD等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,经1200℃焙烧后,生成了具有大的比表面积(42~73 m2.g-1)的棒状六铝酸盐,比表面积由大到小的顺序是Mn>Co>Fe>Cu。XRD结果表明,除Mn取代催化剂之外,其他均含有少量-αAl2O3杂质相。Fe,Mn取代六铝酸盐中的金属离子(Fe3+,Mn3+)主要为Oh配位,而Co,Cu取代六铝酸盐中的金属离子(Co3+,Cu2+)则为Oh和Td配位。O2-TPD表明,Mn,Cu取代的催化剂中具有高的晶格氧含量。催化剂活性由高到低的顺序为Mn>Cu>Fe>Co,催化活性取决于过渡金属离子的氧化还原循环的可逆性、比表面积以及晶格氧等因素。  相似文献   

9.
添加元素对AB2型Laves相合金电化学性能的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
比较系统地研究了AB2型Laves相合金Zr0.9Ti0.1Ni0.1Mn0.7V0.3M0.1(M=None,Ni.Mn.V.Co.Cr.Al.Fe,Mo.Si.C.Zn,Cu和B)的相结构和电化学性能以及高温和低温放电性能等.结果表明.14种合金均具有六方C14型Laves相的主相晶体结构.同时,含有少量立方Cl5型Laves相和一些由Zr9Ni11及ZrNi组成的非Laves相;添加V和Mn可提高AB2合金的放电容量;添加B和Mn则显著提高了AB2合金的高倍率放电性能和低温放电容量;添加Al,C.Si和Co对合金电极的循环稳定性改善明显;而Mn.Ni.V.Fe.Cu.Mo和B等却不同程度地降低了循环稳定性;添加Si.Mo,V,Cr和Al可明显改善合金电极的自放电性能;添加Si.Cr.V可显著改善AB2合金电极的高温放电性能.讨论了各种添加元素影响合金性能的可能原因.  相似文献   

10.
考察了碱金属K修饰的SiO2负载极低含量过渡金属的高分散隔离活性位系列催化剂(K-M/SiO2(n(K)∶n(M)∶n(Si)=10∶1∶1000),M=V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)的丙烷选择氧化催化性能,并运用UV-Raman和CO2-TPD等方法,对该系列催化剂进行了结构和物化性能表征,探讨了催化剂的表面离子结构与催化反应性能之间的关系。发现钾修饰的SiO2负载过渡金属高分散隔离活性位催化剂上过渡金属离子的组态结构,对丙烷选择氧化反应性能有重要影响。相对稳定的全充满或无d电子的表面离子结构有利于选择氧化反应进行,而存在多种价态的相对不稳定的离子结构有利于深度氧化的进行。这一离子结构与丙烷选择氧化催化性能的关系与前期乙烷选择氧化规律相似,进一步说明在高分散隔离活性位催化剂中,过渡金属离子的电子组态结构是影响低碳烷烃选择氧化反应性能的最重要因素。  相似文献   

11.
过渡金属离子置换钛酸纳米管的制备和光催化活性   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
TiO2纳米粉体和纳米膜材料在光催化降解大气和水中的污染物等方面具有广泛的应用[1]。近年来,以TiO2为原料与浓N aO H反应合成的钛酸纳米管具有比其原料TiO2更大的表面积和孔体积,且对丙烯有光催化氧化降解活性而备受关注[2]。以往在对TiO2纳米粉体和纳米膜材料在光催化研究中,人们发现由于光激发产生的电子与空穴的复合,导致光量子效率很低。为克服这个缺点,人们使用过渡金属离子掺杂等多种手段对TiO2进行改性[3]。但钛酸纳米管相类似的研究还未见报道。对钛酸纳米管的结构和组成的研究表明[4],此纳米管状物的组成是N axH2-xTi3O7,…  相似文献   

12.
ZnO doped with Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu was prepared by homogeneous hydrolysis of sulfates with urea. The samples were annealed at various temperatures and characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, UV/VIS reflectance spectroscopy, BET (Brunauer‐Emmet‐Teller) surface area and porosity measurements. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by measuring the degradation of an organic dye Reactive Black 5. The morphology of the samples was determined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. For the Cu‐doped ZnO sample, EPR spectra were obtained. All samples annealed at 800°C contained hexagonal ZnO. In the VIS region, the best photocatalytic performance had the ZnO samples doped with Cr, Fe and Cu.  相似文献   

13.
在悬浮液体系中进行的半导体光催化降解反应中,催化剂的导带电子(或被俘获到半导体表面的电子)还原电解质溶液的O2分子(受主)是反应的决速步骤,O2分子接受电子后形成的超氧自由基O2-或羟基自由基HO·具有很强的氧化能力,能将污梁物氧化降解[13].  相似文献   

14.
Stable geometries, electronic structures, and magnetic properties of the ZnO monolayer doped with 3d transition‐metal (TM) (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) atoms substituting the cation Zn have been investigated using first‐principles pseudopotential plane wave method within density functional theory (DFT). It is found that these nine atomic species can be effectively doped in the ZnO monolayer with formation energies ranging from ?6.319 to ?0.132 eV. Furthermore, electronic structures and magnetic properties of ZnO monolayer can be modified by such doping. The results show that the doping of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu atoms can induce magnetization, while no magnetism is observed when Sc, Ti, and V atoms are doped into the ZnO monolayer. The magnetic moment is mainly due to the strong p–d mixing of O and TM (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) orbitals. These results are potentially useful for spintronic applications and the development of magnetic nanostructures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

15.
3d过渡金属掺杂TiO2纳米晶膜电极的光电化学研究   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
应用原子力显微镜和X射线粉末法对3d过渡金属离子Cr(Ⅲ),Fe(Ⅲ),Mn(Ⅱ),Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)掺杂TiO2纳米晶粒(简写为M^3d-TiO2)作了表征,并用光电化学方法研究了M^3d-TiO2纳米结构多孔膜电极。实验结果表明,M^3d-TiO2纳米粒子的颗粒较均匀,粒径约为15nm,其晶型为锐钛矿和板铁矿的混晶。在所研究的M^3d-TiO2中,只有Zn^2+-T  相似文献   

16.
A new chelating polymer has been developed using Amberlite XAD-16 anchored with Quercetin. The modified polymer was characterised by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, surface area analysis and elemental analysis. The Quercetin anchored polymer showed superior binding affinity for Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with greater than 95% adsorption under optimum conditions. The optimum pH conditions for the quantitative sorption of metal ions were studied. The developed method showed superior extraction qualities with high metal loading capacities of 387, 313, 195, 473, 210 and 320 µmol g?1 for Cu(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Fe(III), Mn(II) and Ni(II), respectively. The rate of metal ion uptake i.e. kinetics studies performed under optimum levels, showed t 1/2 for Co(II), Cu(II), Cr(III), Fe(III), Mn(II) and Ni(II) is 20, 15, 25, 10, 30 and 15 min, respectively. Desorption of metal ions was effective with 10 mL of 2 M HCl prior to analysis using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The chelating polymer was highly ion selective in nature even in the presence of interferent ions, with a high preconcentrating ability for the metal ions of interest. The developed chelating polymer was tested on its utility with synthetic and real samples like river, tap water samples and also with multivitamin tablets. It showed relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) values of/less than 3.0% reflecting on the accuracy and reproducibility of data using the newly developed chelating polymer.  相似文献   

17.
A silica-based inorganic sorbent was synthesized by the thermal decomposition of ammonium heptamolybdate on silica and applied for the preconcentration and simultaneous determination of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb in river water samples using a column system with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron dispersive spectroscopy were used for sorbent characterization. The effects of pH, sample volume, eluent type, eluent concentration, eluent volume, sample flow rate, and matrix ions (Al, Bi, Ca, Mg, and Zn) on the recovery of the metals in model solutions were investigated. The adsorption capacities (µmol g?1) of SiO2-MoO3 were 88.96 (Cd), 169.69 (Co), 153.85 (Cr), 188.88 (Cu), 179.05 (Fe), 163.81 (Mn), 136.31 (Ni), and 38.61 (Pb). The detection limits of the method were 9.09, 10.82, 10.77, 49.57, 31.64, 6.40, 8.86, 19.15?µg L?1 for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb, respectively, with a preconcentration factor of 25. The developed method was used for the determination of the target metals in real samples and the recoveries for spiked samples were found to be from 91.2% to 102.9%.  相似文献   

18.
A series of complexes of stoichiometry [MX2(dipyS)] {dipyS = bis(2–picolyl)-1,3–dithiopropane); M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, X=Cl; M=Ni or Cu, X=NO3} and [VOCl(dipyS)]Cl have been prepared and characterised, including the X-ray crystal structure of [Ni(ONO2)2(dipyS)]. The kinetics of the transfer of dipyS from these complexes (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co or Ni) to Cu2+, to form [Cu(dipyS)]2+, have been studied in MeOH. For M=Ni, the kinetics are consistent with a mechanism involving rate-limiting dissociation of the initial pyridyl—M bond. Subsequent binding of Cu2+ to the pendant pyridyl-residue (or binding Cl– to the vacant site on M) is followed by the complete transfer of dipyS from M to Cu. For M=Cr, Mn or Co, the same mechanism is believed to operate, but in these cases intermediates in the dipyS transfer to Cu2+ have been detected spectroscopically. Evidence is presented that these intermediates have Cu2+ bound to a pendant pyridyl-group on [MCl2(dipyS)] and that the subsequent complete transfer of dipyS involves rate-limiting dissociation of a M—S bond. For M=Fe, e.p.r. spectroscopy shows that the complex is a dimer in solution. However, the transfer reaction with Cu2+ involves an analogous intermediate to that with M=Cr, Mn or Co, but only at high concentrations of Cu2+. Unexpectedly, the binding of Cu2+ inhibits the transfer of dipyS from Fe to Cu. The electronic factors which give rise to this behaviour are discussed.  相似文献   

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