首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
阳,阴,非离子表面活性剂胶束对酯碱性水解的影响   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
应用紫外分光光度法和热动力学方法研究了芳香酸酯和正脂肪酸酯在表面活性剂DTAB、TTAB、CTAB、SDS、Brij35、Triton X-100胶束中的碱性水解反应,阳、阴、非离子表面活性剂胶束对酯的碱必水解均有禁阻作用,讨论了胶束对酯碱性水解禁阻作用的原因。  相似文献   

2.
表面活性剂复配混合胶束对酯碱性水解反应的影响   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
应用紫外分光光度法和热动力学法研究了芳香酸酯和正脂肪酸乙酯在表面活性剂复配事胶束(SDS-B35,DTAB-Brij-35,TTab-Brij35,CTAB-Brij35,CBAB-Triton X-100,SDS-Triton X-100)中的碱性水解反应,复配胶束对酯的碱性水解反应起禁阻作用,其禁阻作用比单一胶束的禁阻作用强,并讨论了复配胶束对酯碱解起禁阻作用的原因。  相似文献   

3.
不同类型表面活性剂对苯甲醇的增溶作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文采用高分辨核磁共振方法,考察了苯甲醇在三种类型表面活性剂胶束中的增溶作用。 现,无论是在两性表面活性剂C12BE,还是在阴离子表面活性剂SDS和阳离子表面活性剂DTAB胶束中,苯甲醇均增溶在胶束与水的界面层和胶束栅栏层。  相似文献   

4.
利用胶束在电极一有面的定向及增溶作用研究了表面活性剂对苯胺电聚合的影响,结果表明:在阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)胶束体系中,胶束介质能催化苯胺的电聚合反应,使其氧化电位负移,减少膜的降解,提高膜的稳定性,同时,也使得聚合速率增大,在0.1mol/L的SDS的胶束溶液中,其聚合效率提高到不含SDS的纯体系的25倍,在含有10^-4mol/LSDS的硫酸溶液中,聚苯胺(PAN)的成核生长为  相似文献   

5.
本文考察了四烷基溴化铵(TAAB)碳氢链长对离子型表面活性剂SDS和DTAB在气/液表面吸附行为的影响。实验结果表明:与表面活性剂离子对应的添加剂反离子是影响其水溶液表面活性的主要因素,因而TAAB对SDS表现出明显的效应,对DTAB影响效果则是同浓度的NaBr类似,除了对表面活性离子头基电荷的静电屏蔽外,TAA^+的碳氢基团和SD^-碳氢链间还可能发生疏水相互作用,但后者受TAA^+离子体积制约  相似文献   

6.
表面活性剂和助表面活性剂对镍的缓蚀作用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
在HCl水溶液中,三种典型的表面活性剂(CTAB、SDS和Triton X-100)对镍均有缓蚀作用,其缓蚀效率、腐蚀活化能的大小顺序是:CTAB〉Triton x-100〉SDS。助表面活性剂正丁醇可作为缓蚀调节剂,其加入可控制金属镍在HCl水溶液中的腐蚀速率。金属镍在各介质中腐蚀速率的顺序为HCl(aq)〉知性剂+丁醇+HCl(aq)〉表面活性剂+HCl(aq)〉表面活性剂+丁醇(aq)〉表面  相似文献   

7.
研究了水溶性高分子与三种表现活性剂组成的复合作用体系(PAA-AM/CTAB,PAA-AM/SDS和PAA-AM/TritonX-100)中的光敏聚合反应,应用芘做荧光探针,跟踪检测在稀水溶液中分子复合和聚集的过程和微微环境特性,结果表明,由水溶性高分子/表面活性剂形成的分子聚集体,具有胶束类似的催化作用,它和胶束相经,具有更高的分子聚集能力和热力学稳定性,罗大的局部粘度和极性,因而对二苯酮/三乙  相似文献   

8.
以芘为荧光探针,二苯酮为猝灭剂,利用荧光方法测定了两性表面活性剂N十二烷基-N,N-二甲基氨基丙磺酸盐(DDAPS)胶束在不同温度和不同NaCl浓度下的聚集数,利用动态光莠射方法得到了胶束的水力半径Rh,结果表明,DDAPS的胶束聚集数和Rb值随NaCl浓度的升高略有增大,随温度的升高而稍有下降,DDAPS胶束之间的作用力以排斥力为主。  相似文献   

9.
陈一权  潘慰曾 《分子催化》1992,6(5):380-386
用温度跃升快速反应动力学测试仪器,研究了合成表面活性剂SDS胶束水溶液体系与生物表面活性剂脱氧胆酸钠(NaDC)胶束水溶液体系中,金属离子Ni~(2+)-2,2′-Bipyridine(Bipy)络合物形成的动力学。实验结果表明,生物表面活性剂同样表现出程度不同的胶束催化作用。又采用假相模型处理SDS胶束体系中上述反应的动力学,由动力学结果计算出可供发生反应的胶束体积。结果表明,此体积比不加电解质的胶束溶液中的反应体积增大,此现象被认为是由无机电解质的存在所造成。  相似文献   

10.
表面活性剂在胶束电动力学色谱中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
系统地综述了活性剂在MEKC中的应用,阐述了不同种类表面活性剂的混合表面活性剂胶束体系的特征和应用范围,也对表面活性剂浓度的优化策略作了初步探讨。引用文献56篇。  相似文献   

11.
In conformity with the conclusion obtained previously, the mixed micelle formation of surfactants was treated thermodynamically as the appearance of a macroscopic bulk phase with the aid of the excess thermodynamic quantities similar to those used for the adsorbed film. The composition of surfactant in the mixed micelle and the thermodynamic quantities of micelle formation were found to be evaluated by applying the thermodynamic equations derived. These equations were extended so as to be applicable to any kind of surfactant mixture. It was shown that the critical micelle concentration vs. composition of surfactant curves form a diagram analogous to the phase diagram of binary mixture. Applying the equation to the published data on typical surfactant systems, this thermodynamic approach was proved to be useful to clarify the miscibility of surfactants in the micellar state.  相似文献   

12.
王腾芳  尚亚卓  彭昌军  刘洪来 《化学学报》2009,67(11):1159-1165
研究了离子液体型表面活性剂C12mimBr与阳离子表面活性剂Gemini 12-3-12, DTAB及阴离子表面活性剂SDS复配体系的性质, 并分别采用Rubingh-Margules模型和Rubingh-正规溶液模型计算了临界胶束浓度和混合胶团组成. 研究发现, 两表面活性剂分子结构的匹配性及带电头基之间的相互作用是影响混合溶液性质的主要因素. 对于分子结构差别较大的C12mimBr与Gemini 12-3-12的混合, 其行为远远偏离理想混合性质; 对疏水链长相同仅亲水头基不同的C12mimBr与DTAB则接近于理想混合; 而对C12mimBr+SDS的复配体系, 正、负电荷间强烈的相互吸引使得混合体系大大偏离理想行为. 计算发现, 两种理论模型得到的混合胶团组成基本一致, 但Rubingh-Margules模型预测的临界胶束浓度比Rubingh-正规溶液模型要好  相似文献   

13.

Micellization behavior of cationic monomeric surfactants, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), and dimeric (gemini) cationic surfactant pentamethylene‐1, 5‐bis(hexadecyldimethylammonium bromide) with formula C16H33(CH3)2N+(CH2)5N+(CH3)2C16H33 · 2Br?, abbreviated as 16‐5‐16, in mixed states (binary) have been studied by conductivity. The micellar compositions, activities of the components, and their mutual interactions have been estimated from Rubingh's theory. The mixtures show nonideal behavior with favorable interactions.  相似文献   

14.
高稳定的囊泡广泛用于制作生物模型、药物输送以及合成纳米材料的模板。获得高稳定囊泡结构的重要方法之一是用聚合反应固定囊泡结构。作为可聚合囊泡制备的前期基础工作,研究了一种可聚合的囊泡体系:1-丙烯基-2,2,二甲基-十二烷基溴化胺(ADDB)和ADDB与十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)的等摩尔比混合体系。该囊泡体系即使在高浓度盐水中也能够自发地形成均相的囊泡溶液。在聚合之前,采用动态激光光散射(DLS)、冷冻蚀刻透射电镜(FF-TEM)技术研究了可聚合囊泡的盐效应。DLS测试发现没有盐存在时,囊泡大小为83 nm,盐的浓度增加到250 mmol/L时,囊泡尺寸增大到250 nm。然而继续增大盐浓度到1000 mmol/L, 囊泡尺寸减小到180nm. FF-TEM结果发现盐浓度小于150 mM时, 单个囊泡为70 nm左右,然而明显存在囊泡的絮凝与融合;当盐浓度增加到400 mM时,单个囊泡尺寸减小到20 nm. 因此DLS 观测到囊泡尺寸增大的原因是由于囊泡的絮凝与融合;而尺寸减小的原因是由于在高盐浓度下,盐屏蔽了带电颗粒之间的静电相互作用,在熵增的驱使下,大囊泡变成小囊泡。  相似文献   

15.
Spheroidal alumina particles of tailor-made size were prepared by the sol-emulsion-gel method under simultaneous mechanical agitation and sonication and by systematic variation of the concentration of a non-ionic surfactant in the organic solvent (oil phase) above or below the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The CMC of the surfactant in the organic solvent of low dielectric constant was determined from discernible breaks in surface tension, viscosity, optical absorption and dye fluorescence vs. concentration curves. The CMC of the surfactant played an important role in controlling the sol droplet size and accordingly, the size of the alumina particles obtained therefrom. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that near (but below) CMC the nanospheroids (10–50 m) were in the state of chain-like agglomerates. Beyond CMC, spheroidal particles of larger dimensions were obtained. Particle size analysis showed a sharp decrease in mean size with increasing concentration of the surfactant up to CMC, above which a gentle upward trend was noticed.  相似文献   

16.
Effects of three organic solvents, viz. methyl cellosolve, acetonitrile, and formamide, on the micellization process of Gemini surfactant pentamethylene-1,5-bis(tetradecyldimethylammonium bromide) aqueous solutions, with the volume percentages of the organic solvents up to 50%, have been investigated conductometrically. The studies were made at different temperatures and the data were used to find out different micellization parameters. From the study, it was observed that, although an increment in the amount of the organic solvents delays the micellization, the increase in the critical micelle concentration (cmc) is comparatively less below 20%(v/v) showing the predominance of water character in the bulk phase at lower compositions of the organic solvents. Applying equilibrium model for micelle formation, various thermodynamic parameters were also calculated from the temperature dependence of the cmc values and the results show that the micellization process becomes less spontaneous as the volume % of the organic solvent increases in the system due to the action of water-organic solvent mixed media as better solvent than pure water (solvophobic effect) for the studied Gemini molecules.  相似文献   

17.
In this work, we prepared a tertiary amide-based gemini surfactant (DSTAPA), which contained two pH-sensitive tertiary amide head groups. Then the molecule state distribution and self-assembly transition of the surfactant in aqueous solution were investigated under different pH conditions. The DSTAPA molecules were on the states of double cationic (DSTAPAH2+), single cationic (DSTAPAH+), and double tertiary amine groups (DSTAPA) under acidic, neutral, and basic conditions, respectively. With the variation of the molecule states, the sample was water-like below pH of 6.8 and immediately transformed to gel-like fluid between pH of 6.8 and 7.8, then changed to white precipitate with the further increase of pH value. Furthermore, the microstructure and regulation mechanism were investigated by rheological measurements, dynamic light scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The appearance and micelle transitions of the DSTAPA aqueous solution are actually owing to the spherical–worm-like micelle transition, leading to dramatic viscosity increase and hydrogel formation. This transition was completely reversible and repeated for at least three cycles. Finally, a reasonable mechanism of the transition was proposed based on the viewpoints of the molecular states and micelle structures. The DSTAPA aqueous system with pH-reversible property has a great potential application in oil and gas production.  相似文献   

18.
高浓度区正负离子表面活性剂混合胶团的形状与大小变化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文研究高浓度区正、负离子表面活性混合胶团的形态及大小随浓度的变化规律。根据正、负离子表面活性剂混合体系的相行为,胶团溶液的光散射以及流变性质测量,提出了混合胶团的棒-球转变模型。认为在较高浓度,随浓度增大,混合胶团经历了一个长棒变短,短棒变为球状的转变过程。  相似文献   

19.
The mixed micelle formation of binary cationic 14-s-14 gemini with conventional single chain surfactants was studied by conductivity measurements.The critical micelle concentration(cmc) and the degree of counterion binding values(g) of the binary systems were determined.The results were analyzed by applying regular solution theory(RST) to calculate micellar compositions(X),activity coefficients(f1,f2),and the interaction parameters(β).The synergistic interactions of all the investigated cationic gemini+conventional surfactant combinations were found to be dependent upon the length of hydrophobic spacer of the gemini surfactant.The excess Gibbs free energy of mixing was evaluated,and it indicated relatively more stable mixed micelles for the binary combinations.  相似文献   

20.
Rheological properties of wormlike micelle solutions of zwitterionic surfactant were studied as a function of cosurfactant, organic salt, and solvents at high temperature. Addition of cosurfactant and organic salt increases the viscoelasticity at high temperature. Addition of isopropanol as solvent shifts the maximum viscosity of wormlike micelle to lower temperature. Addition of propylene glycol as solvent has less effect on the viscoelasticity of the wormlike micelle solution. An analysis based on the polarity of the solvent and phase behavior in concentrate region explains the effect of solvents on worm-like micelle.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号