Structural Characterization and Toxicity Prediction of Some Organic Compounds

A new molecular structural characterization(MSC)method called molecular vertexes correlative index(MVCI)was constructed in this paper.The index was used to describe the structures of 45 compounds and a quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR)model of toxicity(–lgEC50)was obtained through multiple linear regression(MLR)and stepwise multiple regression(SMR).The correlation coefficient(R)of the model was 0.912,and the standard deviation(SD)of the model was 0.525.The estimation stability and prediction ability of the model were strictly analyzed by both internal and external validations.The Leave-One-Out(LOO)Cross-Validation(CV)correlation coefficient(RCV)was 0.816 and the standard deviation(SDCV)was 0.739,respectively.For the external validation,the correlation coefficient(Rtest)was 0.905 and the standard deviation(SDtest)was 0.520,respectively.The results showed that the index was superior in molecular structural representation.The stability and predictability of the model were good.     

Flow injection analysis: Rayleigh light scattering technique for total protein determination

A novel flow injection analysis (FIA) method with Rayleigh light scattering (RLS) detection was developed for the determination of total protein concentrations. This method is based on the weak intensity of RLS of bromothymol blue (BB) (3',3"-dibromothymolsulfonephthalein) which can be enhanced by the addition of protein in weakly acidic solution. A common spectrofluorimeter was used as a detector. It was proved that the application of this method to quantify the total proteins in real samples by using bovine serum albumin was possible. The RLS signal was detected at lambda(ex)= lambda(em)=572 nm. The linear range was 7.0-70.0 microg mL(-1), the detection limit was 3.75 microg mL(-1), the reproducibility was 5.5% (n=7), and the sample throughput was 26 h(-1).     

Kinetics of ClONO(2) reactive uptake on ice surfaces at temperatures of the upper troposphere

The reactive uptake kinetics of ClONO(2) on pure and doped water-ice surfaces have been studied using a coated wall flow tube reactor coupled to an electron impact mass spectrometer. Experiments have been conducted on frozen film ice surfaces in the temperature range 208-228 K with P((ClONO)(2)) < or = 10(-6) Torr. The uptake coefficient (gamma) of ClONO(2) on pure ice was time dependent with a maximum value of gamma(max) approximately 0.1. On HNO(3)-doped ice at 218 K the gamma(max) was 0.02. HOCl formation was detected in both experiments. On HCl-doped ice, uptake was gas-phase diffusion limited (gamma > 0.1) and gas-phase Cl(2) was formed. The uptake of HCl on ice continuously doped with HNO(3) was reversible such that there was no net uptake of HCl once the equilibrium surface coverage was established. The data were well described by a single site 2-species competitive Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The surface coverage of HCl on HNO(3)-doped ice was an order of magnitude lower than on bare ice for a given temperature and P(HCl). ClONO(2) uptake on this HCl/HNO(3)-doped ice was studied as a function of P(HCl). gamma(max) was no longer gas-phase diffusion limited and was found to be linearly dependent on the surface concentration of HCl. Under conditions of low HCl surface concentration, hydrolysis of ClONO(2) and reaction with HCl were competing such that both Cl(2) and HOCl were formed. A numerical model was used to simulate the experimental results and to aid in the parametrization of ClONO(2) reactivity on cirrus ice clouds in the upper troposphere.     

NH3/NH4Cl中镍(Ⅱ)-丁二肟体系在悬汞电极上电化学还原机理的研究

The behaviour of the Nickel(Ⅱ) ion in the presence of dimethyl-glyoxime (DMG) on the hanging mercury drop electrode in NH_3/NH_4Cl media was investigated with different electrochemical techniques. It was found that: (1) the reactant was Ni(Ⅱ) complex with DMG, Ni(Ⅱ)A_2, adsorbed on the electrode surface; (2) the intermediate was Ni(Ⅰ)A_2 and (3) the product was metal amalgam Ni(0)(Hg). Two electrons were transferred in the overall reaction and the transfer coefficient was 1.8 which was measured experimentally. From experimental results, it was obvious that the reaction orders with respect to Ni(Ⅱ), DMG and H~+ were 1,2, and 1, respectively. A new compound, X, was detected. The reaction scheme could be written as followsNi(Ⅱ)A_2+Hg<=>Ni(Ⅱ)A_2(ads)(Hg)Ni(Ⅱ)A_2(ads)(Hg)+e~-<=>Ni(Ⅰ)A_2(ads)(Hg)Ni(Ⅰ)A_2(ads)(Hg)+H~++e~-→Ni(0)(Hg)+HA(des)+A~-(des)→X+Hg     

Extraction behaviour of copper(II) and silver(I) with a thiacrown ether carboxylic acid, 2-(3,6,10,13-tetrathiacyclotetradec-1-oxy)hexanoic acid

The extraction behaviour of copper(II) and silver(I) with 2-(3,6,10,13-tetrathiacyclotetradec-1-oxy)hexanoic acid (TTCTOHA) was investigated at 25+/-0.1 degrees C and ionic strength of 0.1. The value of the logarithmic distribution coefficient, logK(DR) of TTCTOHA between octan-1-ol and aqueous phases was determined to be 4.13. Copper(II) was extracted with TTCTOHA into octan-1-ol as CuL(2), where L represents the anionic species of TTCTOHA. The logarithmic extraction constant, logK(ex(10)), was determined at -7.42. Silver(I) was extracted with TTCTOHA into octan-1-ol as AgL and Ag(2)L(2). The logarithmic distribution constant, logK(DC), of AgL was estimated to be 0.49. On the other hand, silver(I) was extracted into 1,2-dichloroethane as AgL and the logarithmic extraction constant, logK(ex(10)), was determined to be -2.24.     

Complexometric determination of some toxic mixtures of ions using bromo-cresol orange with visual endpoint indication

A rapid and simple general complexometric method was presented for the determination of lead, cadmium and thallium or mercury or arsenic(V) in laboratory synthesized mixtures similar to those of some ores, minerals and alloys of such metals. The precision and accuracy attainable in successive titrations of Pb(2+), Cd(2+) and Tl(3+) or Hg(2+) or AsO(3-)(4) (As(5+)) with 0.05 and/or 0.01 mol 1(-1) solutions of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na(2)EDTA) and standard Pb(NO(3))(2) of the same concentration using Bromo-Cresol Orange (BCO) as a new metallochromic indicator with visual endpoint indication were studied. For the analysis of a three component mixtures of the aforementioned ions, Tl(3+) was at first directly titrated with Na(2)EDTA at pH 0.5-1 (HNO(3)) using BCO as indicator. At the thallium endpoint an excess of Na(2)EDTA was added and the pH was adjusted at pH approximately 4.8 using hexamine-HNO(3) buffer (solution A). The excess EDTA was back-titrated with standard solution of Pb(NO(3))(2). 1,10-Phenanthroline (1,10-phen) was added to release the EDTA combined with Cd(2+), while thiosemicarbazide (TSC) was used to liberate the EDTA from the mercury-EDTA chelate. To determine AsO(3-)(4) ion in such type of mixtures the pH of (solution A) was raised to a value of 10 using ammonia buffer. Excess standard Mg(2+) solution was added and the formed precipitate of MgNH(4)AsO(4) was separated, dissolved and its magnesium content equivalent to AsO(3-)(4) was determined complexometrically using Eriochrome Black-T (EBT) indicator. The interference caused by different anions, cations and organic acids was investigated. A comparison of the indicators BCO and Xylenol Orange (XO) for successive titration of the studied metal ions was carried out. The proposed successive titration method was applied successfully to some real samples of ores, minerals and alloys of the studied metal ions and the results were satisfactory and agreed with those obtained by AAS.     

(R)-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-glycine from (S)-benzyloxycarbonyl-serine or from papain resolution of the corresponding amide or methyl ester

The enantiospecific synthesis of (R)-Boc-(Fmoc)-aminoglycine 7 was achieved. (S)-Cbz-serine 1 was reacted with diphenylphosphoryl azide in the presence of triethylamine to yield cyclic (S) carbamate 2. The ring nitrogen of 2 was protected with a Boc group (3). The cyclic carbamate of 3 was hydrolyzed with benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide to yield the (R)-enantiomer of alcohol 4. The oxidation of 4 with pyridinium dichromate yielded the enantiomerically pure (97% ee) (R)-Boc-(Cbz)-aminoglycine 5, which was converted to 7 with retention of optical purity. Similarly, starting from (S)-Boc-serine 9, cyclic (S) carbamate 10 was obtained. The ring nitrogen of 10 was protected with a Cbz group (11) with retention of configuration. The cyclic carbamate of 11 was base hydrolyzed to yield 12, the (S)-enantiomer alcohol. Independently, Boc-(Fmoc)-aminoglycine amide 13 and Boc-(Fmoc)-aminoglycine methyl ester 14 were resolved using papain. The stereochemistry of the isolated acid was determined to be (R) by coelution on HPLC of its derivative with Marfey's reagent and that of an authentic sample (7) obtained by enantiospecific synthesis.     

铈盐配合物对锂离子电池的抗过充性能

通过在锂离子电池的电解液中添加五硝酸根合铈(Ⅲ)酸四丁基铵的方法来提高电池的安全性,讨论了氧化还原添加剂的作用原理,并考察了作用效果.实验结果表明,五硝酸合铈(Ⅲ)配合物在锂离子电池电解液中的氧化电位在4.0 V左右,扩散系数为3.82×10-6cm2/s.L iFePO4/L i模拟电池的研究结果表明,当电池发生过充时五硝酸合铈(Ⅲ)配合物可以在电池的正极上氧化,并扩散到电池的负极上还原,通过在电池的正负极之间穿梭将电池的电压稳定在4.0 V.     

Tabletting of solid dispersion particles consisting of indomethacin and porous silica particles

We attempted to make the rapidly dissolving tablet (Tab) containing solid dispersion particles (SD) with indomethacin (IMC) and porous silica (Sylysia350) as carrier prepared by using spray-drying technique. Rapidly dissolving tablet was formulated with mannitol as a diluent and low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (L-HPC) or partly pre-gelatinized starch (PCS) as a disintegrant. The percent dissolved from Tab (SD) was higher than that of tablet containing physical mixture (PM) at 20 min. Nearly 100% of drug in Tab (SD) was dissolved within 60 min, while the drug dissolution of Tab (PM) was not completed at the same time period. In addition, the tensile strength of Tab (SD) was much higher than that of Tab (PM). Adding L-HPC in Tab (SD) (Tab (SD-L-HPC)), the percent dissolved from Tab (SD-L-HPC) at 5 min became much higher than that from Tab (SD). The dissolution profile of IMC from Tab (SD-L-HPC) was almost the same irrespective of the compression pressure, while the tensile strength of tablet increased with increasing the compression pressure. In comparing the compaction property of these tablets by observing the ratio of residual die wall pressure (RDP) to maximum die wall pressure (MDP) (RDP/MDP), it was found that addition of L-HPC in the tablet formulation improved compactibility. In case that PCS was formulated as disintegrant, Tab (SD-PCS), similar improvement in the dissolution profile and tensile strength was observed, though the dissolution rate of IMC from Tab (SD-PCS) was slightly lower than that from Tab (SD-L-HPC) irrespective of the compression pressure.     

Fast sample preparation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for assaying cell lysate acetylcholine

A fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the analysis of acetylcholine (ACh) in cultured cells. [(2)H(4)]Acetylcholine (ACh-d(4)) was used as an internal standard for calibration. ACh was extracted from the cell lysate with acetonitrile (ACN)/water (80/20, v/v) and the crude extract was analyzed without further purification. Isocratic hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) with (10 mM) ammonium formate/ACN (35/75, v/v) as mobile phase was used for separation. ACh was eluted within 5 min and detected using electrospray-MS/MS in the positive ion mode. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 1.5f mol (0.3 nmol/L) ACh with a S/N ratio of 3:1. The approach was used for the measurement of ACh in undifferentiated SN56 cells and the ACh content was determined to be 1272+/-109 pmol/mg protein.     

Anion transport properties of amine and amide-sidechained peptides are affected by charge and phospholipid composition

Four synthetic anion transporters (SATs) having the general formula (n-C(18)H(37))(2)N-COCH(2)OCH(2)CO-(Gly)(3)Pro-Lys(epsilon-N-R)-(Gly)(2)-O-n-C(7)H(15) were prepared and studied. The group R was Cbz, H (TFA salt), t-Boc, and dansyl in peptides 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. The glutamine analog (GGGPQAG sequence) was also included. A dansyl-substituted fluorescent SAT was used to probe peptide insertion; the dansyl sidechain resides in an environment near the bilayer's midpolar regime. When the lysine sidechain was free or protected amine, little effect was noted on final Cl(-) transport rate in DOPC : DOPA (7 : 3) liposomes. This stands in contrast to the significant retardation of transport previously observed when a negative glutamate residue was present in the peptide sequence. It was also found that Cl(-) release from liposomes depended on the phospholipid composition of the vesicles. Chloride transport diminished significantly for the free lysine containing SAT, 2, when the lipid was altered from DOPC : DOPA to pure DOPC. Amide-sidechained SATs 1 and 5 showed a relatively small decrease in Cl(-) transport. The effect of lipid composition on Cl(-) transport was explained by differences in electrostatic interaction between amino acid sidechain and lipid headgroup, which was modeled by computation.     

丙烯酸酯共聚物表面活性剂/多异氰酸酯乳液的制备及表面施胶性能

以低分子量甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(MPEG350MA)和甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)为单体,通过自由基聚合反应制得具有两亲结构的共聚物P(MPEGMA-co-BMA)。测得最佳单体比例下,P(MPEGMA-co-BMA-3)的表面张力为0.77 g/L。以P(MPEGMA-co-BMA)分散1,6-己二异氰酸酯三聚体(HDIT),制得HDI三聚体分散液(LHAHT分散液)。考察了共聚物P(MPEGMA-co-BMA)中亲疏水单体质量比[m(MPEGMA)/m(BMA)]对LHAHT分散液粒径、稳定性和施胶性能的影响。结果表明:[m(MPEGMA)/m(BMA)]为3/1时,LHAHT-3分散液的平均粒径为147.70nm、PDI指数为0.143、TSI为0.58,适用期为6.5 h。以100 g质量分数为10%的LHAHT-3分散液与350 g浓度为10%的聚乙烯醇(PVA1799)复配成1000 g施胶液对木浆原纸进行表面施胶,测得纸张耐折度为128次,抗张指数为55.32 Nm/g,纸张施胶度为26 s,纸张与水接触角为110.49°。     

Microfluidic chip for high efficiency DNA extraction

A high efficiency DNA extraction microchip was designed to extract DNA from lysed cells using immobilized beads and the solution flowing back and forth. This chip was able to increase the extraction efficiency by 2-fold when there was no serum. When serum existed in the solution, the extraction efficiency of immobilized beads was 88-fold higher than that of free beads. The extraction efficiency of the microchip was tested under different conditions and numbers of E. coli cells. When the number of E. coli cells was between 10(6) and 10(8) in 25 microl of whole blood, the extraction efficiency using immobilized beads was only slightly higher than that using free beads (10(0) to 10(1) fold). When the number of E. coli cells was in the range 10(4) to 10(6) in 25 microl of whole blood, the extraction efficiency of immobilized beads was greater than that of the free beads (10(1) to 10(2) fold). When the number of E. coli cells was lower, in the range 10(3) to 10(4) in 25 microl of whole blood, the extraction efficiency of immobilized beads was much higher than that of the free beads (10(2) to 10(3) fold). This study indicated that DNA could be efficiently extracted even when the number of bacterial cells was smaller (10(5) to 10(3)). This microfluidic extraction chip could find potential applications in rare sample genomic study.     

A cleaner and simple spectrophotometric micro-fluidic procedure for copper determination using nitroso-R salt as chromogenic agent

A cleaner and simple spectrophotometric method using microflow analysis (muFA) was performed. It consisted of a T-junction with microcoil on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) chip which was fabricated by laser ablation and a molded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as top plate. The fabricated PMMA chip was integrated with light emitting diode (LED) as light source and spectrometer as detector. The proposed device was applied to determining copper in water samples using nitroso-R salt as chromogenic reagent at 495nm. It was found that the proposed muFA system was with less reagents and samples consumption with tiny waste generation. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was less than 2% (n=11) with the percentage recovery of 98.0+/-1.7% (n=7). The linear range for determination of copper in water samples was over the range of 0.05-3.0mugmL(-1) with a correlation coefficient (r(2)) of 0.999. The limit of detection (3sigma) was 47ngmL(-1) with a sample throughput of 30h(-1).     

Asymmetric selective polymerization of racemic 1,2-diphenylethyl methacrylate with the ethylmagnesium bromide-(−)-sparteine complex

Asymmetric selective (or stereoelective) polymerization of racemic 1,2-diphenylethyl methacrylate (DPEMA) with ethylmagnesium bromide (EtMgBr)-(?)-sparteine catalyst was studied in toluene at ?78°C. In the polymerization (S) enantiomer was consumed preferentially and the enantiomeric excess of initially polymerized (S) enantiomer was consumed preferentially and the enantiomeric excess of initially polymerized DPEMA was greater than 90%. Optically pure (R) monomer was recovered at about 70% polymer yield. Poly(DPEMA) obtained with EtMgBr-(?)-sparteine complex was highly isotactic. It was found in the polymerization of optically active DPEMA that optical rotation of poly(DPEMA) was dependent on the tacticity and that isotactic and syndiotactic poly(DPEMA)s showed opposite optical rotations. Circular dichroism spectra of the optically active polymers were measured.     

Plasma-polymerized allylamine film used as a new solid phase in immunoradiometric assay (IRMA): effect of antibody (F(ab')2 fragment) concentration on dose response in two-site IRMA.

Allylamine (ALAM) film was plasma-polymerized on a flat glass (referred to as ALAM(GLA): GLA refers to a flat glass plate) for use as a solid phase in two-site immunoradiometric assay (two-site IRMA). Adsorption of F(ab')2 anti-human immunoglobulin G [formula: see text] to ALAM(GLA) was larger than adsorption on a polyvinyl chloride plate (referred to as PVC). Contrary to the expectation that the dose response for human IgG (hIgG) on ALAM (GLA) was better than that on PVC, the dose responses on both solid phases were the same. This phenomenon was independent of molecular size of the antigen (Ag) (hIgG or Fc fragment of hIg G (hIgG-Fc)) and also the reaction with protein A (pA). Because direct measurements of binding with 125I-labeled hIgG (hIgG*) or hIgG-Fc (hIgG-Fc*) showed no difference between ALAM(GLA) and PVC, the phenomenon was not due to the second step in the system of two-site IRMA (an Ag--Ab reaction (Ab refers to antibody)). These results indicated that the phenomenon was due to the first step (the adsorption of [formula: see text] to a solid phase). When the concentration of [formula: see text] immobilized on the solid phases was lowered, a significant increase in the dose response was observed for ALAM(GLA).     

温度对掺杂球形Ni(OH)_2质子扩散的影响

应用微电极恒电位阶跃法研究了在Ni(OH) 2 电极的阳极及阴极过程反应中 ,温度对球形Ni(OH) 2 的质子扩散系数和表观扩散活化能的影响 .研究表明 ,于Ni(OH) 2 中掺杂Co和Co +Zn后可降低其阳极和阴极过程的表观扩散活化能 ,增大质子扩散系数 ,掺Co的效果更加明显 ,而掺Zn则增大表观扩散活化能 ,降低了扩散系数 .这说明前者的掺入其作用是降低了质子扩散阻力使电极的反应活性增加、而后者的掺入则是增大了质子的扩散阻力而使电极反应活性降低 .     

Meso-四(对羟基苯基)卟啉及其金属配合物的合成与表征

以丙酸为溶剂，用吡咯和对羟基苯甲醛直接合成了Meso-四（对羟基苯基）卟啉，探讨了溶剂丙酸和无水乙醇的用量对反应产率的影响；利用液相法合成了Mesc〉四（对羟基苯基）卟啉与Fe^3＋，Mn^2＋，Co^2＋，Ni^2＋，Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋ 6种金属离子形成的配合物，探讨了Meso-（对羟基苯基）卟啉与金属盐用量的比例对产率的影响；利用UV-Vis和MS对合成的物质进行表征．     

The effect of covalent immobilization of sialic acid on the removal of lipopolysaccharide and reactive oxygen species for polyethylene terephthalate

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was aminolyzed with 1,6‐diaminohexane (DAH) and then sialic acid (NANA) was immobilized via amidation onto the surface. The surface concentration of NANA was determined by 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. The hemocompatibility of the resulting PET fabrics was evaluated based on complete blood count (CBC), coagulating times, and protein adsorption. The ability to remove lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was also determined. In addition, the effect of contacting NANA‐immobilizing PET on the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by the chemiluminescence (CL) method. The results show that by immobilizing NANA onto PET, the adhesion of platelet (PLt) was reduced, and oxidative stress was suppressed. The level of LPS was also greatly reduced. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型P－N－Si无卤阻燃剂的合成及其在棉纤维中的应用

以二氯磷酸苯酯(1)和γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(2)为原料,合成了一种新型的P－N－Si三元无卤阻燃剂--苯氧基-双-(三乙氧基硅丙基)磷酰胺(3),其结构经¹H NMR, ³¹P NMR和FT-IR表征。研究了溶剂,反应温度,反应时间,投料比r［n(2) : n(1)］和缚酸剂对3产率的影响。结果表明:在最佳合成条件［THF为溶剂,三乙胺为缚酸剂,1 8 mmol, r=2.4,于40 ℃反应6 h］下, 3的产率为88.2%。利用TGA测试了3的阻燃性能。结果表明：3的初始分解温度为150 ℃, 600 ℃残炭为14.6%。3在棉纤维(c)中的添加量为15%(质量百分数,即c-3¹⁵)时,600 ℃残炭为33.4%,高于c(7.6%)。