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1.
以P25 TiO2(德国Degussa化学公司)粉末为原料采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了含有不同CdS质量分数的复合光催化剂,利用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)对CdS/TiO2进行修饰,制备了一系列不同CdS含量的MWCNTs/CdS/TiO2光催化材料。对所得的光催化剂进行了扫描电镜、低温氮吸附-脱附及光解水制氢活性的表征。研究了MWCNTs对CdS/TiO2催化剂体系光解水制氢活性的影响。结果表明,MWCNTs的引入均使得光解水产氢量(14.0 μmol)增加,与未加入MWCNTs的复合光化剂产氢量(11.6 μmol)相比,平均产氢率增加了18%,最高可达21%。  相似文献   

2.
水热法制备了单斜CdS与Pt/TiO2复合的光催化剂.通过X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、荧光光谱、扫描电子显微镜和BET方法对催化剂进行了表征.以可见光光解纯水和海水制氢为探针反应,考察了CdS-Pt/TiO2光催化剂的活性.结果表明:海水中无机盐的存在有利于电子给体捕获光生空穴,提高了电子和空穴的分离效果;海水中单斜CdS可转化为立方和六方混合晶相.最佳条件下,催化剂光解海水制氢活性比纯水提高了33%,而且有较高的稳定性.  相似文献   

3.
研究以空心玻璃微球为载体 ,用溶胶 凝胶法制备附载型复合光催化剂的过程 .对TiO2 ·Al2 O3/beads光催化活性进行评价 ,并利用XRD、TEM、SEM对附载型复合光催化剂进行表征 ,同时对TiO2 ·Al2 O3/beads的吸附性和比表面进行测试 .结果表明 ,附载型复合光催化剂TiO2 ·Al2 O3/beads光活性显著提高且组分摩尔比存在最佳值 .当n(TiO2 ) /m (Al2 O3) =97/3时 ,其最高光解率为同样降解条件下 ,同样含量DegussaP 2 5TiO2 光解率的 1 5倍左右 .探讨了TiO2 ·Al2 O3/beads光活性提高的主要因素 ,认为纳米尺寸TiO2 和TiO2 ·Al2 O3/beads吸附性是光活性提高的最主要因素 ,另外 ,活化条件和比表面也是影响光活性的主要因素  相似文献   

4.
Fe掺杂与天然沸石载体对TiO2光催化活性的影响   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17  
以具有多孔结构的天然斜发沸石为载体, FeCl3和TiCl4为前驱物制备铁离子掺杂TiO2光催化剂. 分别在紫外光和太阳光照射下, 研究了Fe-TiO2,  TiO2/沸石和Fe-TiO2/沸石对甲基橙溶液(MO)的光催化分解过程, 并通过XRD,  AFM,  FTIR和吸收光谱等手段, 探讨了Fe和沸石对TiO2的光催化活性的影响. 结果表明, 适当浓度的Fe不仅可以提高TiO2的光催化效率, 而且能够拓展TiO2的吸收波长范围至可见光区. 而沸石的引入不仅提高了光催化剂的效率, 而且也增强了光催化剂的抗失活性能.  相似文献   

5.
纳米TiO2复合光催化剂的制备及其光解水制氢性能研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用溶胶凝胶法分别制备p-MWNTs-TiO2及p-MWNTs/ZnTPP-TiO2复合纳米光催化剂, 并通过热重分析、透射电镜、X射线粉末衍射和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对光催化剂的物理性质进行了表征. 结果表明: 复合光催化剂中碳纳米管热解温度明显提前, TiO2晶化温度延迟, 相变受到抑制, 紫外特征吸收较纯TiO2有明显红移. 对所制备的光催化剂进行光解水产氢性能测试结果表明: 光催化剂的产氢速率维持相对恒定, 有较好的光学稳定性; p-MWNTs和p-MWNTs/ZnTPP对TiO2的掺杂提高了其光催化活性, 光催化剂产氢活性的大小顺序为p-MWNTs/ZnTPP-TiO2>p-MWNTs-TiO2>P25>TiO2.  相似文献   

6.
C-N共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化制氢活性   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用TiCN粉末在空气气氛中不同温度下焙烧制得C-N共掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对其进行了表征. XRD和XPS结果表明, TiCN中的C和N元素可以被O取代得到C-N共掺杂的TiO2. DRS结果表明, 所制得的C-N共掺杂的TiO2在可见光区域比P25表现出更强的光吸收性能. 以Na2S-Na2SO3体系为牺牲剂, 分别考察了不同温度下焙烧得到的C-N共掺杂的TiO2光催化分解水产氢的活性. 结果表明, 550 ℃焙烧得到的C-N共掺杂的TiO2在紫外光照射下具有最高的光解水产氢活性,产氢速率为41.1 μmol·h-1, 大于P25的光解水产氢活性(26.2 μmol·h-1). 在紫外-可见光照射下, 光解水产氢速率仅为0.2 μmol·h-1, 这可能是由于C-N掺杂引起的可见光范围的吸收对光催化分解水产氢活性的贡献较小.  相似文献   

7.
可见光化的半导体光催化剂   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄文娅  余颖 《化学进展》2005,17(2):0-247
光解水制氢能否实用化取决于太阳光的有效利用率, 研究开发可见光化的光催化剂成为当前光催化剂研究中的重要课题.本文介绍了利用 光解水制氢的反应机理,综述了近年来半导体光催化剂在利用可见光方面的研究进展,重点描述了这些光催化剂的结构,并对该领域今后的研究方向进行了展望.  相似文献   

8.
稀土掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的制备及产氢性能研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土掺杂的系列光催化剂RE/TiO2(La/TiO2,Eu/TiO2,Y/TiO2,Pr/TiO2,Nd/TiO2,Sm/TiO2,Gd/TiO2),XRD晶相结构表征分析表明稀土离子的掺杂有效抑制了TiO2晶粒的增长。分别考察了不同酸、醇为牺牲剂时RE/TiO2对光催化产氢性能的影响。实验结果表明:以乙醇为牺牲剂时,稀土的掺杂均提高了光催化产氢性能;以乙酸为牺牲剂时,只有铕和镧的掺杂提高了光催化活性。以La/TiO2为光催化剂,甲醇、乙醇和正丙醇为牺牲剂,光催化产氢活性顺序为:乙醇甲醇正丙醇;以Eu/TiO2为光催化剂,以甲酸、乙酸和丙酸为牺牲剂,光催化产氢活性依次为:甲酸丙酸乙酸;因此,牺牲剂的选择对光催化产氢活性有重要的影响。  相似文献   

9.
铂修饰的稀土掺杂TiO2的光催化制氢活性   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
王添辉  李越湘  彭绍琴  吕功煊  李树本 《化学学报》2005,63(9):797-801,i001
采用溶胶-凝胶浸渍法和光沉积法制备了系列Pt/RE/TiO2纳米光催化剂,通过XRD和电化学等手段进行了表征.以甲醛为电子给体,考察了光催化剂在紫外光照射下的制氢活性.稀土掺杂提高了Pt/TiO2光催化制氢活性,其顺序分别为La/TiO2>Sm/TiO2>Eu/TiO2>Dy/TiO2>Er/TiO2.掺入稀土元素后,阻止了TiO2从锐钛矿晶型向金红石晶型的转变,这是光催化剂活性提高的原因之一.计算晶格畸变应力e数据表明,Ti^4 可能反掺入了表面稀土氧化物的晶格中.电化学实验表明稀土掺杂TiO2的平带电位负移,其原因可解释为晶格畸变促使费米能级升高,-致催化剂导带的平带电位负移,因此导带上被激发电子具有更强的还原能力,从而有利于光催化制氢活性的提高.  相似文献   

10.
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列不同原子摩尔比的Eu3+离子掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂,通过XRD,SEM和UV-V is等测试手段对纳米TiO2晶型、颗粒度大小、形貌以及光学性能进行了表征;并以甲基兰溶液为目标物,对所制备样品的光催化活性进行了研究。结果表明,稀土Eu3+离子的掺杂能有效抑制纳米TiO2的晶型的转变进而减小晶粒尺寸、提高分散度;稀土Eu3+离子的掺杂使TiO2光催化剂紫外-可见吸收有一定的蓝移,并在可见区有一定的吸收峰;稀土Eu3+离子的掺杂有效提高了TiO2光催化剂的活性,并在本实验条件下,当掺杂原子摩尔比为1%、退火温度500℃时,对甲基兰溶液的光催化活性最强。  相似文献   

11.
Cesium uptake by natural zeolite clinoptilolite from Bulgaria was studied using batch technique and model solutions. The optimal conditions of interaction were determined. The pseudo-second-order rate model better describes the kinetic data obtained at different concentrations. The intraparticle diffusion and the surface diffusion models were tested to identify the rate-controlling step. The sites in the structure of clinoptilolite that are preferable for exchange were studied by application of Rietveld structural approach and the sequence of site occupation by cesium was followed. The Langmuir isotherm model provides a good fit of the equilibrium experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters for the system were calculated.  相似文献   

12.
The objective of this study was to investigate the adsorption of Basic Yellow 28 that is a cationic dye on clinoptilolite and amberlite XAD-4. Both equilibrium and batch rate adsorption in aqueous solutions of the dyestuff were investigated. Adsorption rate data were analysed using the pseudo-first order kinetic model of Lagergren and the pseudo-second order model to determine adsorption rate constants at 20, 30 and 40 degrees C. The adsorption equilibrium data were analysed using various adsorption isotherm models and the results have shown that adsorption behaviour of Basic Yellow 28 by clinoptilolite and amberlite could be described by either Langmuir or Freundlich models. Langmuir adsorption isotherm constants corresponding to adsorption capacity, Q(0), were found to be 59.6, 52.9 and 56.7 mg/g for clinoptilolite at 20, 30 and 40 degrees C, respectively. Lower adsorption capacities for Basic Yellow 28 on amberlite were obtained. The increase of adsorption rate constants with an increase in temperature for BY 28 adsorption on amberlite indicated chemisorption with dissociation and increased availability of sites due to higher penetration of adsorbing molecules into the pores.  相似文献   

13.
In this work clinoptilolite nanoparticles were modified with conducting polyaniline by the polymerization of anilinium cations in and out side of the clinoptilolite channels and a nanocomposite of polyaniline/clinoptilolite was obtained. Cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+...) in the natural clinoptilolite structure were exchanged with anilinium cations by the treatment of clinoptilolite nanoparticles in an acidic solution of aniline monomer. The cation exchange process was confirmed by elemental analysis of nitrogen and carbon atoms of anilinium cations in clinoptilolite dry powder after treatment. The polyaniline/clinoptilolite nanocomposite was obtained by the oxidative polymerization of anilinium cations within the clinoptilolite structure. The polyaniline/clinoptilolite nanocomposite was characterized utilizing FT-IR and X-ray diffraction measurements and was used for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions in chromate anion form as an important water pollutant. The effect of a number of parameters such as initial concentration of Cr(VI), amount of nanocomposite and contact time on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by polyaniline/clinoptilolite nanocomposite were determined and optimized. It was found that after 5 min of exposure of nanocomposite powder with Cr(VI) solutions in the concentration range of 25 to 100 ppm, more than 98% of chromate anions can be removed and the Cr(VI) removal capacity per one gram of nanocomposite is about 0.3 mmol of Cr(VI).  相似文献   

14.
The contribution of UV light from plasma and an external UV lamp to the decomposition of toluene in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma/UV system, as well as in a plasma/photocatalysis system was investigated. It was found that UV light from the DBD reactor was very weak. Its contribution to the removal of toluene in the plasma/photocatalysis system could be ignored. Whereas, the introduction of external UV light to the plasma significantly improves the removal efficiency of toluene by 20%. The removal efficiency of toluene in the plasma/photocatalysis system increased about 22% and 16% when compared with a plasma only system and plasma driven photocatalyst system, respectively. The increased toluene removal efficiency was mostly attributed to the contribution of the synergy between plasma and UV light, but not to the synergy between plasma and photocatalysis. The synergetic effect between plasma and photocatalysis was not significant.  相似文献   

15.
The mechanism of surfactant adsorption on various forms of clinoptilolite was studied by DTA, TG and DTG analyses. The examined series of surfactant modified clinoptilolite (SMC) was previously prepared by the adsorption of the surface-active oleylamine on Ca2+, Na+, H+ and mechanochemically treated forms of clinoptilolite. The oleylamine was most strongly adsorbed on H+-forms of clinoptilolite due to the largest number and strength of adsorption sites. The surfactant adsorption mechanism on H+-form of clinoptilolite was studied by recording the series of variously surfactant-loaded samples. The products of sulphate, dihydrogenphosphate and hydrogenchromate adsorption on SMC were analyzed by DTA, TG and DTG in order to investigate the mechanism of anion adsorption.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

16.
Silicon carbide (SiC) and diamond were decomposed to CO(2)(g) by the photocatalysis with TiO(2) at room temperature, although the decomposition rate of diamond was very slow. According to the XPS spectra of Si2p on the SiC surface, SiO(2) was simultaneously formed on the surface by the TiO(2) photocatalysis. The thickness of the SiO(2) formed on the SiC surface during the photocatalytic oxidation for 1 h was estimated to be about 40 A from the depth profile of the XPS spectra using Ar etching. The SiC surface was oxidized by the TiO(2) photocatalysis even under the condition without a direct contact with the TiO(2). This indicates that the photocatalytic oxidation of the SiC occurs due to active oxygen species photogenerated on the TiO(2) surface, but not by hole produced in the valence band of the TiO(2). Moreover, a remote surface treatment system using the quartz beads coated with TiO(2) was developed for the SiC surface oxidation. Consequently, the TiO(2) photocatalysis will be very useful for the surface treatment of SiC such as photopatterning without defects and damage to the substrate because the photocatalytic reaction is carried out under mild conditions.  相似文献   

17.
空气电极改性TiO2光催化剂的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
将TiO2/C光催化剂负载在具有合成H2O2性能的空气电极上形成双功能新型复合电极.TiO2/C光催化层的微多孔特性使新型载体保持了高效合成H2O2的优势,J=15mA/cm2时,电流效率达到82%.新型载体又为TiO2/C光催化剂获得了阳极偏压,有利于将光生电子迅速导入载体,减少了光生载流子的复合.在新型光催化体系中,光化学氧化作用与光催化氧化作用有机地统一在同一电极/溶液界面附近,造成了该界面的强氧化环境,从而使有机分子的氧化降解速度得到显著提高.  相似文献   

18.
Thermal stability of clinoptilolite rich mineral from Western Anatolia, Turkey and its Ag-exchange forms was investigated. Parent mineral of different sizes were heated up to 1000°C with heating rate of 2 and 10°C min-1 using differential thermal analyzer (DTA) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TG). Ag exchange was conducted both in conventional constant temperature waterbath and microwave at 40, 60 and 80°C. The exchanged minerals were then characteized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), DTA and TG. The particle size and heating rate do not have significant effect on the thermal behavior of the parent mineral and no structural changes were observed with Ag exchange, only decomposition temperature was lowered. It was finally concluded that, Ag-exchanged clinoptilolite rich minerals were less thermally stable compared to parent mineral that does not affect their use for possible applications.  相似文献   

19.
Ammonium can change the type of natural clinoptilolite from Jinyun of Zhejiang Province of China.The character of exchange and selectivity of ammonium type clinoptilolite to the alkali and alkaline-earth metal were investigated,the heatresistance and nitric acid-resistance of natural clinoptilolite were discussed.All types of clinoptilolite were researched by means of X-ray,IR spectroscopy,DTA analyses.The ion exchange was experimented by column operation,indicating that the valid amount of exchange capacity of NH4^+ type clinoptiloties is more than 25mg/g.  相似文献   

20.
一种新型纳米TiO2涂膜及其光催化性能的研究   总被引:25,自引:1,他引:24  
随着工业的发展及人类对环境保护的认识不足等原因 ,使人类赖以生存的环境受到严重的污染[1 ,2 ] .尤其是人类本来就非常短缺的水资源的污染 ,已引起有关部门、环保工作者及研究工作者的高度重视 .他们采用各种方法防止和控制水资源的继续污染及对污水的处理 .污水处理通常可分为三种类型 :即分离处理、稀释处理和转化处理 .前二种处理方法不能改变污染物的化学性质 ,使污染物得不到彻底分离 ,有时还产生二次污染等问题 .转化处理是通过化学方法和生化方法改变污染物的化学性质 ,使其转化成无害物质 .随着环保技术的发展 ,转化处理日益受到…  相似文献   

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