丙烷氧化脱氢Ni-V-O催化剂的原位电导

应用原位电导方法测定了Ｎｉ－Ｖ－Ｏ系列催化剂的在氧＋丙烷→氧→丙烷连续变化气氛下的电导率,确定其导电类型并与其丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯催化性能的相关联,结果表明,ｐ型半导体较ｎ型半导体具有优良的催化氧化脱氢性能：在反应气氛下催化剂的ｐ型半导性越大,ｎ型半导性越小,其催化活性越高,这是由于ｐ型半导体空穴导电,而ｎ幸导体则为电子迁移导电,使得表面活性氧物种形成机理不同所致。     

丙烷氧化脱氢催化剂V2O5/MPO4(M=Al,Zr,Ca)的研究

制备了３种磷酸盐（ＭＰＯ４,Ｍ＝Ａｌ,Ｚｒ,Ｃａ）载体,并在上负载０．６％－６．０％的Ｖ２Ｏ５。活性评价结果表明,负载型Ｖ２Ｏ５／ＭＰＯ４催化剂在丙烷氧化脱氢反应中具有良好的催化性能。     

钴钼氧化物催化剂对丙烷催化氧化脱氢反应的研究

考察了Ｃｏ－ＭＯ原子比不同的氧化物对丙烷催化脱氢制丙烯的催化活性和选择性，并利用ＸＲＤ、ＴＰＲ、ＩＲ和ＸＰＳ等技术，表片了催化剂的体相及表面结构，研究表明，催化剂的Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ比对催化性能的影响随反应温度而改变，当Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ比低于１时，在４００－４４０℃温度范围内，丙烯的选择性可达４０－６５％，显示了此系列催化剂对丙烷氧化脱氢丙烯的低温催化性能，ＭｏＯ３单相的存在有利于丙烯的生成。     

丙烷在负载型V2O5/Zr3(PO4)4催化剂上的氧化脱氢

制备了无定型的磷酸锆Ｚｒ３（ＰＯ４）４载体,采用浸渍法在载体上负载０６％～６０％的Ｖ２Ｏ５．所制备的催化剂在丙烷氧化脱氢反应中具有较好的催化性能,如３０％Ｖ２Ｏ５／Ｚｒ３（ＰＯ４）４催化剂在丙烷转化率为１７０％时,丙烯选择性可达５３８％,丙烯收率达９１％．考察了不同反应条件下催化剂的性能．ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ和Ｒａｍａｎ光谱表明,Ｖ２Ｏ５在Ｚｒ３（ＰＯ４）４载体上主要是以高度分散的钒氧物种存在;ＥＳＲ分析结果证明催化剂中存在Ｖ４＋物种,表明Ｖ５＋／Ｖ４＋参与了氧化还原反应．     

Ni系列催化剂上甲烷直接氧化制合成气

采用固定床流动反应装置，考察负载型Ｎｉ系列催化剂在甲烷直接氧化制合成气反应上的催化活性．空速为５．０×１０５ｈ－１，ＣＨ４／Ｏ２＝２条件下，不同Ｎｉ含量的催化剂中，１５％Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３活性较好．利用ＴＰＤ和ＸＲＤ技术将催化剂引发温度与催化剂组成进行关联，并在７００℃下考察空速对催化性能的影响．随着空速的增加，ＣＨ４的转化率增加，７．０×１０５ｈ－１时达到最大，与此同时，ＣＯ的选择性一直增加．实验结果说明在非平衡体系中，ＣＯ和Ｈ２是由ＣＨ４直接转化而来，ＣＯ２是ＣＯ深度氧化的产物，在此基础上对催化剂过程的机理作了初步的探讨．     

VPO催化剂的再生性质及其对晶格氧选择氧化丙烷的影响

采用脉冲反应器,研究了ＶＰＯ催化剂的再生性质及其对晶格氧选择氧化丙烷制丙烯酸和乙酸的影响,结果表明,ＶＰＯ催化剂与气相分子氧反应的速度要比丙烷与其 和氧反应的速度慢许多,因此以丙烷－Ｏ２共进料方式进行反应时,催化剂氧化再生是速度控制步骤,水是影响催化剂选择性的重要因素,但对活性影响不大,在反应温度下,水在ＶＰＯ催化剂 为可逆吸附,容易脱附流失,催化丙烷反应生成目的的产物的活性中心很稳定,主要是晶格     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气Ⅳ．镍铜催化剂的反应性能及影响因素的考察

对镍铜甲烷部分氧化催化剂的制备化学研究表明，在Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＳｉＯ２、ＭｇＯ、ＴｉＯ２、Ｙ型分子筛等载体中，具有较好氢溢流功能的Ａｌ２Ｏ３所担载的镍铜催化剂，有最佳的反应性能，载体的产物溢流功能对反应中合成气的生成是有利的．对于ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂，组分Ｃｕ的最佳含量是Ｃｕ／Ａｌ＝０．２／４（原子比），Ｎｉ／Ａｌ（原子比）在１／４－１．５／４范围内催化剂均保持最佳的反应性能，此时，甲烷转化率为９８．１％，对ＣＯ、Ｈ２的选择性分别达９７％、１００％．制备方法对催化性能影响的结果显示，以（ＮＨ４）２ＣＯ３为沉淀剂的共沉淀法，是制备ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的最佳方法．ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的甲烷部分氧化性能在４００－５００℃间有一突跃，并在７００℃时达到最佳值；过高的反应气空速对ＣＯ、Ｈ２的选择性是不利的     

直接合成二甲醚的新型双功能催化剂

采用共沉淀沉积法制备的Ｃｕ－ＺｎＯ－ＺｒＯ２／ＨＺＳＭ－５系列双功能催化剂具有优异的从合成气亘接制二甲醚的催化性能。其中Ｍｇ－（Ｃｕ－ＺｎＯ－ＺｒＯ２）／Ｖ－ＨＺＳＭ－５表现出最佳的催化活性和选择性,ＣＯ转化率达９１．４％,二甲醚选择性为８４．６％。此外,Ｃｕ－ＺｎＯ－ＺｒＯ２／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂也表现出优良的ＣＯ２加氢性能,ＣＯ２转化率可达３５％,二甲醚选择性为６０．１％。     

Ni－Cu和TiO_2－SiO_2间的相互作用及其对催化性能的影响

用表面反应改性法制备了ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ２（ＴＳＯ）表面复合物载体．采用ＴＰＲ，ＩＲ，ＴＰＤＭＳ和ＴＰＳＲ－ＭＳ等技术研究了ＮＩ－Ｃｕ／ＴＳＯ间的相互作用及其对ＣＯ加氢反应的催化性能．结果表明，ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ与ＴＳＯ间的相互作用导致ＣｕＯ的还原温度降低和ＮｉＯ的还原温度升高，并有少量表面物种生成；还原后的Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ／ＴＳＯ催化剂表面上存在着两类活性中心，即合金相中的Ｎｉ及载体相中的Ｔｉｎ＋（或Ｔｉｎ＋－Ｏ）；ＣＯ在催化剂表面存在孪生、线式、桥式和卧式等４种吸附态；Ｈ２在催化剂表面上发生解离吸附形成Ｎｉ－Ｈ和Ｔｉｎ＋－Ｈ，前者比较活泼，是加氢反应的主要Ｈ源；卧式吸附态极易在催化剂表面裂解形成Ｎｉ－Ｃ和Ｔｉｎ＋－Ｏ，前者是加氢反应的Ｃ源，使ＣＯ加氢生成烃类的反应在Ｎｉ中心上按＂表面碳＂机理进行，其生成乙烯的选择性大于６０％．Ｈ２Ｏ的生成反应在Ｔｉｎ＋中心上按Ｔｉｎ＋－Ｏ与Ｔｉｎ＋－Ｈ或Ｎｉ－Ｈ反应的途径进行．     

丙烷选择氧化的铋钼复合氧化物催化剂结构和催化性能

 应用X射线衍射（XRD）,傅里叶变换激光拉曼光谱（FT－LRS）和微型催化反应装置等测试手段研究了丙烷选择氧化的Bi－Mo复合氧化物催化剂的结构和催化性能．结果表明,Bi组分是丙烷催化氧化脱氢为丙烯的主要活性组分,而丙烯醛选择性的大小与Bi－Mo复合氧化物催化剂的组成和结构密切相关．不同组成的Bi－Mo复合氧化物催化剂在丙烷转化率（～28．0％）相近的情况下,其丙烯醛选择性随Mo／（Mo＋Bi）原子比的增加先逐渐增加,在Mo／（Mo＋Bi）原子比为0．50时达极大值（～28．1％）．随Mo／（Mo＋Bi）原子比进一步增加,丙烯醛选择性又急剧下降．XRD和FT－LRS结果表明,Bi2O3和MoO3之间可形成二元Bi－Mo－O晶相固溶体,从而显著提高了催化剂对选择氧化反应的催化性能．尤其是当α－Bi2（MoO4）3和γ－Bi2MoO6两相共存时,Bi－Mo复合氧化物催化剂具有较优良的选择氧化催化性能．γ－Bi2MoO6参与了α－Bi2（MoO4）3对丙烷的选择氧化,加速了选择氧化活性氧物种的再生．     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.