补铁过量危害多

人体内红细胞不断地将吸进的氧气运送到全身各组织。现已查明红细胞运输氧气的功能全仗红细胞内具有独特吸氧本领的铁元素。所以铁是人体不可缺乏的微量元素之一，如果缺铁易发生缺铁性贫血等病症。但铁的摄取量，并非多多益善。如果长期摄取过量的铁，会引起多种疾病，甚至铁中毒。     

慢阻肺与微量元素

从慢阻肺疾病的临床观察与动物实验，通过分子生物学、组织形态学以及超微结构的变化进行探讨，观测到治疗前后毛发中微量元素的分布、合成和转化。及其维持机体健康的物质基础作用。     

锌铜对血脂水平的影响

锌和铜对血脂水平影响是多方面的，本文综述了近年来国内外对锌和铜与血脂关系的研究进展，包括体外实验，动物实验及临床观察。     

固相萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水体中的痕量铁

<正>铁是人体必需的微量元素,一般以饮水和食物得以补给。体内的铁含量与人体健康息息相关[1],若摄取量不足,会使血红蛋白合成减少,导致组织缺氧,引起多种器官和组织的生理功能异常;若长期摄取过量铁又会导致铁中毒,发生组织损坏、肝和脾功能性障碍、皮肤色素沉着等病症。因此,建立环境水样中铁的简便快速测定方法显得十分重要。水体中的铁含量很低,可用光度法[2-3]、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)[4-5]、电感耦合等离子体     

新型微量元素制剂——复合蛋白锌的基础研究与临床应用

报道了复合蛋白锌基础研究与临床应用，进行了理化性质的研究，试验结果证明本品系锌与氨基酸、蛋白质形成的复合物，属有机锌。药理学研究表明，对小鼠精神神经系统、心血管系统及呼吸系统等均无明显影响，进行了毒理研究、急性毒性试验，相当于临床用量的１２５倍，动物健康生存，无毒性反应；长期毒性试验，连续６个月服用复合蛋白锌，剂理相当于用量的２５．５倍及５１倍，未观察到的动物死亡及毒性反应；经检查血常规、血液生化     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定饲料中镍

镍是动物体内不可缺少的必需微量元素，分布在动物体内各种组织中，镍参与核酸和蛋白质的代谢、激素的调节过程，镍是许多酶的辅助因子与激活剂且与细胞膜的功能有密切联系，镍在动物体内与铁、铜、锌等动物必需的元素之间既有协同性又有颉颃性。动物缺镍会引起生长速度降低、死亡率提高、总血清蛋白浓度和红血球数量降低、总类脂量和胆固醇减少、骨组织强度降低和膝关节肿大等症状，当镍摄入过量时，会发生中毒。因此对饲料中镍的测定是有意义和必要的，但现行的国标中尚没有饲料中镍的测定方法的标准。     

基于动物丝蛋白的人工纺丝

动物丝，特别是蜘蛛丝近年来由于其优异的综合力学性能而备受关注。但是天然动物丝的应用由于种种原因而受到各种限制，因此人们期望通过人工纺丝获得性能与天然动物丝相近的人工丝纤维。本文就采用动物丝蛋白进行人工纺丝的历史和现状，从再生蜘蛛丝蛋白、重组蜘蛛丝蛋白和再生蚕丝蛋白等方面进行综述，比较了天然动物丝和人工丝纤维的力学性能，并且探讨了人工生物模拟纺丝制备高性能人工丝纤维（超级纤维）的前景。     

定量分析小鼠肝和肌肉组织磷酸腺苷含量及其影响因素

在定量分析动物组织ATP、ADP和AMP方法中，HPLC法已成为一种快速、灵敏、准确、廉价的检测手段。然而，有关其影响因素方面的研究报道较少，且主要集中在色谱柱、流动相和流速等方面。本实验着重探讨动物组织样品的保存条件和前处理过程对检测结果的影响，以便在动物组织样品ATP、ADP和AMP含量的检测中更合理地使用HPLC法，准确反映各成分的真实含量。     

Mn(Ⅱ)-氨基酸配合物的合成及其SOD活性

当肌体（人、动物或植物）受到生物或非生物伤害（人、动物受到外力伤害，植物遭到干旱、盐碱胁迫等）时，体内参与防卫的氧化酶、氧合酶等会产生大量超氧离子O2^-。这种阴离子自由基会使生物细胞膜脂过氧化，核酸、蛋白质降解、酶失活，从而使人和动物易衰老，发生病变；     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定动物尿样中的莱克多巴胺

莱克多巴胺（ractopamine）是一种新型的β-肾上腺素兴奋剂，我国农业部、卫生部、国家药品监督管理局在2002年联合下发的176号公告中已经明确将其列入禁用药品名单。目前，文献报道的莱克多巴胺的检测方法很少，特别是国内还未见文献报道。由于莱克多巴胺在动物体内代谢较快，因而药物往往以原形的形式从体内排出。检测动物尿样具有快速、准确等特点，建立动物尿样中的莱克多巴胺的检测方法可以对畜产品生产过程中使用莱克多巴胺的现象进行有效的监控。因此，探索动物尿样中莱克多巴胺的检测方法具有非常重要的理论意义和实际价值。本文建立了动物尿样中莱克多巴胺残留量的高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定方法，样品处理简单，灵敏度高。     

PtFe掺杂石墨烯抗CO中毒性能的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论第一性原理研究了以单空位缺陷(SV)石墨烯为载体的Pt,Fe及PtFe二元金属催化剂的抗CO中毒能力.结果表明,对于单金属原子Pt和Fe,Fe更易吸附在SV石墨烯上;而对于PtFe二元金属催化剂,SV石墨烯对其固定能力明显好于Pt-SV,即Pt催化剂中掺杂Fe大大增加了SV石墨烯对金属催化剂的稳定性.Pt,Fe及PtFe二元金属催化剂抗CO中毒能力的研究结果表明,PtFe-6结构的抗CO中毒能力明显强于Pt-SV,接近于Fe-SV的抗CO中毒能力,在所有二元金属催化剂中PtFe-6的稳定性最好,明显优于Pt在SV石墨烯上的稳定性.通过在Pt中加入非贵金属Fe既可提高DMFC中阳极Pt催化剂的抗CO中毒能力,又可提高其催化活性.     

Iron nanoparticles catalyzing the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones

Investigation into the mechanism of transfer hydrogenation using trans-[Fe(NCMe)CO(PPh(2)C(6)H(4)CH═NCHR-)(2)][BF(4)](2), where R = H (1) or R = Ph (2) (from R,R-dpen), has led to strong evidence that the active species in catalysis are iron(0) nanoparticles (Fe NPs) functionalized with achiral (with 1) and chiral (with 2) PNNP-type tetradentate ligands. Support for this proposition is given in terms of in operando techniques such as a kinetic investigation of the induction period during catalysis as well as poisoning experiments using substoichiometric amounts of various poisoning agents. Further support for the presence of Fe(0) NPs includes STEM microscopy imaging with EDX analysis, XPS analysis, and SQUID magnetometry analysis of catalytic solutions. Further evidence of Fe NPs acting as the active catalyst is given in terms of a polymer-supported substrate experiment whereby the NPs are too large to permeate the pores of a functionalized polymer. Final support is given in terms of a combined poisoning/STEM/EDX experiment whereby the poisoning agent is shown to be bound to the Fe NPs. This paper provides evidence of a rare example of asymmetric catalysis with nonprecious metal, zerovalent nanoparticles.     

Simple replacement reaction for the preparation of ternary Fe(1-x)PtRu(x) nanocrystals with superior catalytic activity in methanol oxidation reaction

The finding of new metal alloyed nanocrystals (NCs) with high catalytic activity and low cost to replace PtRu NCs is a critical step toward the commercialization of fuel cells. In this work, a simple cation replacement reaction was utilized to synthesize a new type of ternary Fe(1-x)PtRu(x) NCs from binary FePt NCs. The detailed structural transformation from binary FePt NCs to ternary Fe(1-x)PtRu(x) NCs was analyzed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Ternary Fe(35)Pt(40)Ru(25), Fe(31)Pt(40)Ru(29), and Fe(17)Pt(40)Ru(43) NCs exhibit superior catalytic ability to withstand CO poisoning in methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) than do binary NCs (FePt and J-M PtRu). Also, the Fe(31)Pt(40)Ru(29) NCs had the highest alloying extent and the lowest onset potential among the ternary NCs. Furthermore, the origin for the superior CO resistance of ternary Fe(1-x)PtRu(x) NCs was investigated by determining the adsorption energy of CO on the NCs' surfaces and the charge transfer from Fe/Ru to Pt using a simulation based on density functional theory. The simulation results suggested that by introducing a new metal into binary PtRu/PtFe NCs, the anti-CO poisoning ability of ternary Fe(1-x)PtRu(x) NCs was greatly enhanced because the bonding of CO-Pt on the NCs' surface was weakened. Overall, our experimental and simulation results have indicated a simple route for the discovery of new metal alloyed catalysts with superior anti-CO poisoning ability and low usage of Pt and Ru for fuel cell applications.     

中药驱铅对儿童血微量元素影响的研究

为探讨中药驱铅对儿童血Pb及微量元素Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mn水平的影响 ,检测了 68例儿童铅中毒患儿服用中药驱铅前后的血Pb及微量元素Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mn水平。结果显示 ,服药后患儿的血Pb明显低于服药前 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 1 ) ;血Zn水平明显高于服药前 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;铅中毒程度越轻 ,驱铅效果越明显 (P <0 0 1 ) ;血微量元素Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn水平无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。提示中药对儿童早期铅中毒的驱铅效果好 ,不存在微量元素失衡     

Does CO poison Fe-based catalysts for ORR?

Catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were prepared on carbon black (C) using Fe^IIphthalocyanine (FePc) and Cl–Fe^IIItetramethoxyphenylporphyrin (ClFeTMPP), as Fe precursors with and without a pyrolysis step at 800 °C. CO poisoning of the ORR catalytic sites for all these Fe/N/C electrocatalysts was attempted at pH 1 and 13, but to no avail, even if an iron ion is known to occupy the center of the active sites in at least the unpyrolyzed FePc/C or ClFeTMPP/C. The exact nature of the active center of these Fe-based heat-treated catalysts may still be a subject of debate but, in light of the absence of CO poisoning for unpyrolyzed FePc/C and ClFeTMPP/C, resistance to CO poisoning by the heat-treated catalysts cannot be used as evidence that the active center of their catalytic site is devoid of iron.     

金属Sr、Fe掺杂对LaCoO3催化氧化碳烟及抗硫性能影响

利用柠檬酸-EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)配位法制备了La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3催化剂,展现出较好的催化氧化碳烟(soot)活性和抗硫性能。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅利叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、H2-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和SO2程序升温脱附(SO2-TPD)等研究了Sr、Fe掺杂对催化剂物理化学性质及抗硫能力影响。当Sr掺杂LaCoO3时有利于形成较多的表面吸附氧(O2^-、O^-)和氧空位,且低温氧化还原性能亦有较大改善,提高了催化氧化碳烟活性,其Ti(起燃温度)和Tm(最大碳烟燃烧速率温度)分别为284和347℃。当催化剂同时掺杂Sr、Fe时,其低温氧化还原性能进一步改善,并形成较多Fe^4+离子,有利于提高催化氧化碳烟活性。催化剂SO2中毒失活主要来源于Co^2+/Co^3+和表面吸附氧的硫酸化(SO3^2-、SO4^2-)。XPS和SO2-TPD结果表明,LaSrCoFeO3抗硫性主要来源于Fe^3+与SO2结合形成的硫酸盐物种,降低了SO2对活性组分表面吸附氧和Fe^4+毒化。TPO(程序升温氧化)结果表明,硫化后的LaSrCoFeO3-S仍具有较好的催化氧化碳烟活性,其Tm仅为361℃,表明Sr、Fe同时掺杂具有较好的低温催化氧化碳烟活性和良好的抗硫性能。     

F-T合成催化剂羰基硫中毒热力学分析

利用热力学基础数据和相关软件对F-T合成催化剂COS中毒的热力学进行了计算。在热力学上,Ru、Fe、Co的COS中毒在F-T合成反应可以发生的条件下均是自发过程。F-T合成反应体系中10^-9级的COS即可使Ru基催化剂中的金属Ru生成RuS₂而中毒。Fe和Co毒化后生成的硫化物种类较多,对反应的热力学计算结果表明,对于不同的反应,其平衡常数的差异很大,对应中毒反应发生时,所需COS的浓度也不同。由于Fe基F-T合成催化剂活性相的复杂性,利用对催化剂相关性质的修饰开发具有一定抗硫性的铁基F-T合成催化剂是可行的;对于Co催化剂,利用F-T合成的反应特点和催化剂改性开发具有一定抗硫性催化剂也是可能的。     

Magnetite nanoparticles with tunable gold or silver shell

Fe3O4 nanoparticles with size approximately 13 nm have been prepared successfully in aqueous micellar medium at approximately 80 degrees C. To make Fe3O4 nanoparticles resistant to surface poisoning a new route is developed for coating Fe3O4 nanoparticles with noble metals such as gold or silver as shell. The shell thickness of the core-shell particles becomes tunable through the adjustment of the ratio of the constituents. Thus, the route yields well-defined core-shell structures of size from 18 to 30 nm with varying proportion of Fe3O4 to the noble metal precursor salts. These magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Raman and temperature-dependent magnetic studies.     

儿童微量元素水平及铅暴露对健康影响的调查

为调查儿童体内微量元素锌、铁、铜、钙、镁、硒水平及铅暴露情况,探索铅中毒防治方法,2004年1月至2006年12月30日对儿科门诊130例既往有纳差、挑食、易患病、多动、注意力不集中、学习成绩差、睡眠不安稳等症状儿童进行了血中微量元素及铅含量测定,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法统计分析,采用t检验。结果表明,血锌值均低于正常,除6～11岁女22人、12～14岁男14人,P>0.05,无显著性差异外,其余94人P<0.001,有非常显著性差异;血硒值全部低于正常值,P<0.01及P<0.001有非常显著性差异;血铁、铜、钙、镁均在正常范围内;全部有血铅暴露,其中铅中毒者(血铅>0.1)42人,阳性率32.81%(42/128)。提示患儿锌、硒缺乏比较普遍且严重,铅暴露对小儿健康影响不可忽视,应加强合理喂养及饮食均衡,必要时药物干预治疗,预防铅中毒刻不容缓。     

Composition effects of FePt alloy nanoparticles on the electro-oxidation of formic acid

The catalytic activities of FexPt100-x alloy nanoparticles at different compositions (x=10, 15, 42, 54, 58, and 63) in the electro-oxidation of formic acid have been investigated by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was observed that the electrocatalytic performance was strongly dependent on the FePt particle composition. In chronoamperometric measurements, the alloy particles at x approximately 50 showed the highest steady-state current density among the catalysts under study and maintained the best long-term stability. In addition, on the basis of the anodic peak current density, onset potentials, and the ratios of the anodic peak current density to the cathodic peak current density in CV studies, the catalytic activity for HCOOH oxidation was found to decrease in the order of Fe42Pt58>Fe54Pt46 approximately Fe58Pt42>Fe15Pt85>Fe10Pt90>Fe63Pt37. That is, within the present experimental context, the alloy nanoparticles at x approximately 50 appeared to exhibit the maximum electrocatalytic activity and stability with optimal tolerance to CO poisoning. Consistent responses were also observed in electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements. For the alloy nanoparticles that showed excellent tolerance to CO poisoning, the impedance in the Nyquist plots was found to change sign from positive to negative with increasing electrode potential, suggesting that the electron-transfer kinetics evolved from resistive to pseudoinductive and then to inductive characters. However, for the nanoparticles that were heavily poisoned by adsorbed CO species during formic acid oxidation, the impedance was found to be confined to the first quadrant at all electrode potentials. The present work highlights the influence of the molecular composition of Pt-based alloy electrocatalysts on the performance of formic acid electro-oxidation, an important aspect in the design of bimetal electrocatalysts in fuel cell applications.