Ni系列催化剂上甲烷直接氧化制合成气

采用固定床流动反应装置，考察负载型Ｎｉ系列催化剂在甲烷直接氧化制合成气反应上的催化活性．空速为５．０×１０５ｈ－１，ＣＨ４／Ｏ２＝２条件下，不同Ｎｉ含量的催化剂中，１５％Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３活性较好．利用ＴＰＤ和ＸＲＤ技术将催化剂引发温度与催化剂组成进行关联，并在７００℃下考察空速对催化性能的影响．随着空速的增加，ＣＨ４的转化率增加，７．０×１０５ｈ－１时达到最大，与此同时，ＣＯ的选择性一直增加．实验结果说明在非平衡体系中，ＣＯ和Ｈ２是由ＣＨ４直接转化而来，ＣＯ２是ＣＯ深度氧化的产物，在此基础上对催化剂过程的机理作了初步的探讨．     

甲烷在Ni/TiO_2催化剂表面的活化

考察了Ｎｉ／ＴｉＯ２催化剂甲烷部分氧化和二氧化碳重整制合成气的反应活性,实验表明,以ＴｉＯ２为载体的镍系催化剂对于甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应具有较好的活性,尤其对Ｈ２的选择性较高,对二氧化碳重整制合成气反应具有较好的低温反应活性．采用脉冲－质谱在线分析等技术,在无气相氧条件下向Ｎｉ／ＴｉＯ２催化剂脉冲ＣＨ４,发现甲烷在催化剂表面的活化（转化）及其氧化产物的选择性与金属催化剂表面氧的浓度密切相关．ＣＨ４与Ｎｉ／ＴｉＯ２催化剂作用过程中存在明显的氢溢流和氧溢流现象,可能是这种溢流效应使得Ｎ／ＴｉＯ２催化剂具有良好的反应活性和抗积碳性能．     

Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂上CH_4部分氧化制合成气机理的IR研究(英文)

在２．９％（ｗｔ）Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上用ｉｎｓｉｔｕＦＴＩＲ研究了ＣＨ４部分氧化制合成气的反应机理。结果表明，催化剂表面的活性碳物种与化学吸附的Ｏ原子反应生成ＣＯ；ＣＨ４／Ｏ２（２：ｌ）混合气在催化剂表面吸附的ＩＲ谱图表明只有Ｈ２Ｏ和ＣＯ２存在，说明ＣＨ４和ＣＯ２的重整反应没有发生。因此，我们认为ＣＯ和Ｈ２是一级产物。     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气Ⅳ．镍铜催化剂的反应性能及影响因素的考察

对镍铜甲烷部分氧化催化剂的制备化学研究表明，在Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＳｉＯ２、ＭｇＯ、ＴｉＯ２、Ｙ型分子筛等载体中，具有较好氢溢流功能的Ａｌ２Ｏ３所担载的镍铜催化剂，有最佳的反应性能，载体的产物溢流功能对反应中合成气的生成是有利的．对于ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂，组分Ｃｕ的最佳含量是Ｃｕ／Ａｌ＝０．２／４（原子比），Ｎｉ／Ａｌ（原子比）在１／４－１．５／４范围内催化剂均保持最佳的反应性能，此时，甲烷转化率为９８．１％，对ＣＯ、Ｈ２的选择性分别达９７％、１００％．制备方法对催化性能影响的结果显示，以（ＮＨ４）２ＣＯ３为沉淀剂的共沉淀法，是制备ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的最佳方法．ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的甲烷部分氧化性能在４００－５００℃间有一突跃，并在７００℃时达到最佳值；过高的反应气空速对ＣＯ、Ｈ２的选择性是不利的     

Ni/Al2O3催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应机理

用变应答／质谱在线检测技术研究了Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气的反应要理，研究结果指出，在常压９７３Ｋ条件下，Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气按直接氧化机理进行，Ｈ２和Ｃ烛甲烷部分氧化的一次产物，其主要反应可表示如下：１．ＣＨ４＋ｘＮｉ－ＮｉｘＣ＋２Ｈ２，２．Ｏ２＋２Ｎｉ－２ＮｉＯ，３．ＮｉｘＣ＋ＮｉＯ－ＣＯ＋（ｘ＋１）Ｎｉ。     

Ni／Al2O3催化剂上CH4／CO2重整的脉冲反应研究

报道了用脉冲反应研究Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上ＣＨ４／ＣＯ２重整反应的结果。脉冲反应显示，在还原的Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上，ＣＨ４在６７３Ｋ就开始发生分解，并有Ｃ２Ｈ６、Ｃ２Ｈ４生成，１０２３Ｋ下，ＣＨ４几乎完全分解，单纯的ＣＯ２则很难在还原的催化剂上发生反应，在９７３Ｋ以上的高温下才会有少量Ｃ胜成ＣＯ．ＣＨＣＯ２的脉冲反应表明，当ＣＨ４在较低温度下开始分解时，ＣＯ２也会发生分解，并生成ＣＯ。脉冲反     

Ni－Cu和TiO_2－SiO_2间的相互作用及其对催化性能的影响

用表面反应改性法制备了ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ２（ＴＳＯ）表面复合物载体．采用ＴＰＲ，ＩＲ，ＴＰＤＭＳ和ＴＰＳＲ－ＭＳ等技术研究了ＮＩ－Ｃｕ／ＴＳＯ间的相互作用及其对ＣＯ加氢反应的催化性能．结果表明，ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ与ＴＳＯ间的相互作用导致ＣｕＯ的还原温度降低和ＮｉＯ的还原温度升高，并有少量表面物种生成；还原后的Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ／ＴＳＯ催化剂表面上存在着两类活性中心，即合金相中的Ｎｉ及载体相中的Ｔｉｎ＋（或Ｔｉｎ＋－Ｏ）；ＣＯ在催化剂表面存在孪生、线式、桥式和卧式等４种吸附态；Ｈ２在催化剂表面上发生解离吸附形成Ｎｉ－Ｈ和Ｔｉｎ＋－Ｈ，前者比较活泼，是加氢反应的主要Ｈ源；卧式吸附态极易在催化剂表面裂解形成Ｎｉ－Ｃ和Ｔｉｎ＋－Ｏ，前者是加氢反应的Ｃ源，使ＣＯ加氢生成烃类的反应在Ｎｉ中心上按＂表面碳＂机理进行，其生成乙烯的选择性大于６０％．Ｈ２Ｏ的生成反应在Ｔｉｎ＋中心上按Ｔｉｎ＋－Ｏ与Ｔｉｎ＋－Ｈ或Ｎｉ－Ｈ反应的途径进行．     

Ni-Cu-Al2O3催化剂的活性相及作用机理

对新鲜和７００℃反应过的Ｎｉ－Ａｌ和Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ａｌ催化剂的ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ表征结果表明，新鲜ＮｉＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂体相中的ＮｉＯ，ＮｉＡｌ２Ｏ４经７００℃反应后转变成金属Ｎｉ，同时表面的镍物种由单一的ＮｉＡｌ２Ｏ４变为ＮｉＡｌ２Ｏ４，ＮｉＯ和金属Ｎｉ的混合物，经反应后ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂体相和表相中的ＮｉＡｌ２Ｏ４，ＣｕＡｌ２Ｏ４均转变成为Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ合金，这是此催化剂对甲烷部分氧化反     

ABO3,A2BO4型复合氧化物催化剂用于CO,CH4,NH3完全氧化的比较

本文探讨了ＣＯ，ＣＨ４和ＮＨ３在ＬａＮｉＯ３，Ｌａ２ＮｉＯ４和ＬａＳｒＮｉＯ４三个催化剂上的氧化行为，并得出结论：对于ＣＯ氧化，关键步骤在于ＣＯ在催化剂表面上的络合活化。Ｎｉ＾３＋含量越高，越利于ＣＯ的络合活化。对于氨氧化，催化反应遵循氧化－还原机理。Ｎｉ＾３＋是主要的活性离子，晶格氧是主要活性氧种。对于ＣＨ４氧化，催化机理较复杂，只是发现Ａ２ＢＯ４型氧化物（Ｌａ２ＮｉＯ４，ＬａＳｒＮｉＯ４）比Ａ     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气的研究

考察了镍基和钴基催化剂催化甲烷在自放热条件下部分氧化制合成气。结果表明，在较高的空速条件下，反应一旦引发即可停止供热，仅靠反应自身放出的热量就能维持反应的继续进行：Ｎｉ／Ｌａ２Ｏ３催化剂中的镍负载量大于１０％后，镍负载量对催化活性无明显的影响；ＣＨ４的转化率及Ｈ２和ＣＯ的选择性均随空速和反应温度的增加而提高；对Ｎｉ／ＺｒＯ２和Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２催化剂，反应进行到６－１２ｈ时，ＣＨ４转化经最高；但对Ｎｉ     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.     

Copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions of 2-iodoanilines,benzylamines, and elemental sulfur toward 2-arylbenzothiazoles

A relatively cheap copper salt-catalyzed, three-component approach providing 2-arylbenzothiazoles in good to excellent yields from readily available 2-iodoanilines, benzylamines, and sulfur powder is reported. This methodology allows preparation of various classes of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and provides a general, reliable approach.