树枝形结构“液体分子筛”的设计合成及性质研究

<正>离子液体是由有机阳离子和无机或有机阴离子构成在室温或室温附近温度下呈液体状态的有机物质.而聚合离子液体是一类每个重复单元中带有离子液体基团的特殊的聚电解质.这种功能性的离子液体高聚物在导电材料、有机反应催化、气体吸附以及萃取     

功能性离子液体支载液相有机合成研究进展

阐述了功能性离子液体支载液相有机合成的概念、特点及其在小分子杂环化合物、多肽、寡糖合成等有机反应中的应用, 以及功能性离子液体支载的催化剂和试剂在液相有机合成中的应用. 研究表明功能性离子液体作为一种新型的高负载量的可溶性载体可以广泛应用于液相有机合成中, 有效地促进了反应的进行, 简化了分离手段, 显著地提高了反应的选择性和收率.     

微波促进离子液体相反应在有机合成中的应用

微波促进离子液体相有机合成技术作为一种新型的绿色化学合成法,引起了人们极大的兴趣。在离子液体中,微波辅助下反应快速、收率高、选择性好、后处理简单,离子液体经简单再生后可多次套用。本文综述了以离子液体为反应介质或催化剂的微波辅助技术在多种类型有机反应中的研究成果,主要包括了环合反应、亲核取代反应、金属复分解反应、酰化反应、重排反应、聚合反应、偶联反应、氧化还原反应和选择性脱溴反应等。     

离子液体中固定化光合细菌催化不对称还原反应的研究

采用苯乙酮为模式底物,选用了3种典型的离子液体作为反应介质系统研究了离子液体与缓冲液构成的均相及两相体系中固定化光合细菌催化不对称还原反应的特性．通过对构建的离子液体反应体系进行条件优化,发现与水相及有机相相比,离子液体作为生物催化反应介质更有利于还原反应的进行,并且离子液体及固定化细胞易回收重复利用．研究结果表明,在...     

功能化离子液体催化碳-杂键形成反应

离子液体独特的溶剂性能使它在合成和催化领域得到了广泛的应用。然而,离子液体的经济问题和可能的环境友好性问题使得人们逐渐把目光投向了离子液体自身的催化性能。人们通过对离子液体结构的修饰设计出了各种具有特定催化性能的功能化离子液体。近年来功能化离子液体在催化碳-杂键形成反应方面有了相当多的应用。本文以形成的碳-杂原子键类型为主线,综述了功能化离子液体在催化碳-杂键形成反应方面的最新研究进展,涉及到了酸性离子液体、碱性离子液体、金属有机功能化离子液体、酸碱双功能离子液体、手性离子液体等多种类型的功能化离子液体。     

吗啉基功能化酸性离子液体催化苯酚-叔丁醇选择性烷基化反应

研究了吗啉基磺酸功能化离子液体催化苯酚与叔丁醇的烷基化反应.考察不同的功能化离子液体、反应时间、反应温度、苯酚与叔丁醇的摩尔比以及离子液体的用量等反应条件对烷基化反应的影响,并考察了离子液体的循环使用.研究结果表明离子液体用量为20%苯酚时,在最佳优化条件下苯酚的转化率和选择性分别为92.4%和64.1%;离子液体重复使用三次,其催化活性不变.     

离子液体体系催化甲酸分解制氢研究(英文)

研究了离子液体作为介质对在有机胺存在时甲酸分解制氢的影响。结果表明,离子液体的引入能明显促进甲酸分解反应,特别是BMImCl的引入。基于此同时为了取代挥发性有机胺、发展具有实用价值的甲酸分解制氢体系,设计和制备了一系列胺基功能化离子液体,并作为反应介质和助剂应用于甲酸均相分解反应中。其中钌-胺基功能化离子液体-甲酸钠(Ru-i-Pr2NEMImCl-HCOONa)甲酸分解制氢体系具有优良的催化性能,相应的TOF600 mol/mol/h。可以使用非挥发性的离子液体取代传统的挥发性胺,从而为发展具有实际应用价值、高效而清洁的甲酸分解制氢体系打下基础。     

室温离子液体及其在催化和有机合成中的应用

介绍了室温离子液体的制备、性质及其在催化和有机反应中的应用。     

介孔分子筛固载离子液体及其在催化有机反应中的应用

将离子液体固载于载体物质上,可提高其利用率,降低使用成本。固载离子液体的基本方法有浸渍法、键合法、溶胶-凝胶法等。本文综述了近年来用介孔分子筛固载离子液体以及将其用于催化有机反应的研究进展。     

酸性离子液体催化合成9-芳基多氢吖啶衍生物

以消除环境污染、提高反应效率和原子经济性、降低能耗为目的的绿色化学，是当代化学的重点发展方向之一。室温离子液体参与的有机反应作为绿色化学的一个重要组成部分，是近年来国内外研究的一个新兴领域。离子液体具有强极性、不挥发、化学稳定性好等特点，还可以改变反应机理、导致新的催化活性、提高转化率和选择性。对其结构进行化学修饰，可以得到具有特定功能的离子液体，因此被誉为绿色溶剂和可设计的溶剂。目前，离子液体已广泛应用于各类有机化学反应。     

离子液体在有机反应中的应用

室温离子液体，由含氮的有机阳离子和无机阴离子组成，可溶解各种有机、无 机、金属有机化合物。它们没有蒸气压、不易燃、容易循环使用。近年已发现，离 子液体可广泛地用于许多过渡金属化合物和酶催化的反应。着重讨论这方面的发展 状况。     

Improved preparation and use of room-temperature ionic liquids in lipase-catalyzed enantio- and regioselective acylations.

Polar organic solvents such as methanol or N-methylformamide inactivate lipases. Although ionic liquids such as 3-alkyl-1-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates have polarities similar to these polar organic solvents, they do not inactivate lipases. To get reliable lipase-catalyzed reactions in ionic liquids, we modified their preparation by adding a wash with aqueous sodium carbonate. Lipase-catalyzed reactions that previously did not occur in untreated ionic liquids now occur at rates comparable to those in nonpolar organic solvents such as toluene. Acetylation of 1-phenylethanol catalyzed by lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia (PCL) was as fast and as enantioselective in ionic liquids as in toluene. Ionic liquids permit reactions in a more polar solvent than previously possible. Acetylation of glucose catalyzed by lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL-B) was more regioselective in ionic liquids because glucose is up to one hundred times more soluble in ionic liquids. Acetylation of insoluble glucose in organic solvents yielded the more soluble 6-O-acetyl glucose, which underwent further acetylation to give 3,6-O-diacetyl glucose (2-3:1 mixture). However, acetylation of glucose in ionic liquids yielded only 6-O-acetyl glucose (>13:1 and up to >50:1).     

Green synthesis of three- to five-membered O-heterocycles using ionic liquids

The investigation for replacement of organic solvents in organic synthesis is a growing area of interest due to increasing environmental issues. The use of ionic liquid salts as solvents and catalysts in organic reactions has gained extensive interest. Ionic liquids provided a new environmentally benign and improved alternative to traditional methods in modern synthetic chemistry. The aim of present review is to focus on the applications of ionic liquids for the synthesis of O-heterocycles.     

Ionic liquid: An efficient and recyclable medium for the synthesis of fused six-membered oxygen heterocycles

The investigation for replacement of organic solvents in chemical synthesis is a growing area of interest due to increasing environmental issues. The use of ionic liquid salts as solvents and catalysts in organic reactions has gained extensive interest. Ionic liquids provided a new environmentally benign and improved alternative to traditional methods in modern synthetic chemistry. The aim of present review is to focus on the applications of ionic liquids for the synthesis of fused six-membered oxygen heterocycles.     

Diels-Alder reactions in pyridinium based ionic liquids

Diels-Alder reactions have been investigated in pyridinium based ionic liquids. These solvents are found to be more effective compared to the organic solvent studied, in enhancing the reaction rate and product yields. Recycled ionic liquids also gave excellent results.     

Selective chemical reactions in supercritical carbon dioxide,water, and ionic liquids

Abstract

Alternative solvents such as supercritical carbon dioxide, water, and ionic liquids are receiving an increase of interest as better replacements for conventional solvents in chemical reactions. They have been called sustainable green solvents because they are highly promising reaction mediums for organic synthesis. This review presents an overview of some selected chemical reactions that have been developed in these green solvents with a particular emphasis on metal-catalyzed reactions.     

Ionic liquid assisted synthesis of S-heterocycles

Some organic solvents are highly toxic, flammable, and even explosive. In particular, high vapor pressures and toxicity of certain volatile organic solvents may cause significant environmental problems. Therefore, alternative solvents or media with tunable and versatile solvation properties for conducting chemical reactions and materials synthesis have been actively sought. Ionic liquids have numerous applications not only as environmentally benign reaction media, but also as catalysts and reagents. Due to the increase of environmental consciousness in chemical research and industry, the challenge for a sustainable environment calls for clean procedures that avoid the use of harmful organic solvents. Due to the special properties of ILs (ionic liquids) such as wide liquid range, good solvating ability, negligible vapor pressure, non-inflammability, non-volatility, environment friendly medium, high thermal stability, good stability in air and moisture, easy recycling and rate promoters etc. they are used in organic synthesis. Therefore, ionic liquids have attracted the attention of chemists and act as catalyst and reaction medium in organic reactions with high activity. Highly efficient methods are explored for the preparation of S-heterocycles with the application of ILs as catalyst and reaction medium.     

低共熔溶剂催化有机合成反应的研究进展

低共熔溶剂(DESs)是一种新型的离子液体(ILs)类似物,与传统有机溶剂、离子液体相比,DESs具有低毒、廉价、易于合成、生物可降解性等特点,因此在众多领域广受关注。近年来DESs在有机合成领域备受关注,被广泛用作合成反应的溶剂、催化剂、反应物等,在有机反应方面存在很大发展空间,本文综述了DESs在有机合成反应中的应用,重点讨论其在氧化还原反应、取代反应、缩合反应、环化反应等方面的研究进展,为其开发应用提供新思路。     

1,2-Cyclic sulfite and sulfate furanoside diesters: improved syntheses and stability

The facile syntheses of 1,2- and 3,5-cyclic sulfite and sulfate furanoside diesters were conducted in molecular solvents and ionic liquids in the presence of immobilised morpholine. Molecular solvents and ionic liquids performed similarly with regards to overall yields. However, the use of ILs allowed for the reactions to be carried out under atmospheric conditions and showed good recyclability. Additionally, increases in product stability was achieved in ILs over organic solvents, in particular, in bis{(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide} and trispentafluoro-ethyltrifluorophosphate-based ionic liquids, which were also excellent media to control the hydrolysis of thionyl chloride and sulfuryl chloride.     

Using geminal dicationic ionic liquids as solvents for high-temperature organic reactions

[reaction: see text] Several organic reactions conducted at high temperatures, including the isomerization reaction, the Claisen rearrangement, and the Diels-Alder reaction, were investigated in three geminal dicationic ionic liquids with high thermal stability. High to moderate yields of the products for most entries were obtained. Advantages of these approaches are discussed. These ionic liquids were shown to be recyclable. The utility of these ionic liquid solvents for high-temperature organic reactions was demonstrated.