两性淀粉接枝共聚物的就地制备和性质

糊化淀粉经阳离子试剂醚化后再直接与丙烯酸钠(AA-Na)/丙烯酰胺(AM)接枝共聚,制得具有两性的淀粉接枝共聚物。并对淀粉的阳离子试剂醚化、淀粉与AA-Na/AM接枝共聚的接枝率、单体转化率、接枝效率及淀粉的糊化方式对产物性能的影响进行了研究。为工厂就地生产和应用两性淀粉接枝共聚物提供技术依据。     

SGPAC型螯合剂吸附重金属离子的研究

本文采用红薯淀粉、玉米淀粉与环氧氯丙烷交联后,用丙烯腈接枝聚合后经皂化处理得到羧基淀粉产物。研究了接枝聚合的主要条件与产品螯合Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)等离子的容量关系,制得了几种络合容量相当高的SGPAC产品。并研究了这些产品的使用条件及反复利用的可能性。实践证明,SGPAC型螯合剂是一种重金属离子污染水的高效率处理剂。     

两性淀粉接枝共聚物在中性抄纸中的应用

为考察两性淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚及阳离子合成的具有功能化、网络化的多元变性淀粉对纸张的增强效果,采用废纸浆为原料,在中性抄纸条件下,对该多元变性淀粉的增强应用性能进行了研究。结果发现,两性淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物(AS-g-PAM)及其阳离子化的衍生物(AS-g-CPAM)比两性淀粉具有更好的增强效果,尤其可大幅度提高纸张的环压强度。与两性淀粉比较,用量为0.5%AS-g-PAM和AS-g-CPAM可分别提高环压指数22%和45%以上,对纸张的抗张指数、耐破度等也比使用两性淀粉有不同程度的提高,同时,AS-g-CPAM在0.05%的低用量时,仍具有较好的增强效果。     

两性树脂总交换容量的测定

实验发现采用NaAc振荡平衡来测量两性树脂的总交换容量的方法有误[4]，由此对旧方法进行了改进，提出了新的测定两性树脂总交换容量的方法。     

淀粉共原酸酯吸附性能研究

本文研究了淀粉黄原酸酯对重金属离子吸附性能的影响因素。结果表明淀粉黄原酸酯的制备条件、用量及重金属离子的浓度对吸附性能有重要影响;吸附剂的吸附容量可达到4mmol/g左右。     

互贯法合成强碱弱酸两性树脂及其性能研究

本文考察凝胶型和大孔型两性树脂的合成条件对所制得树脂的结构和形成内盐键强度的影响,研究了树脂的阴、阳基团含量比,交联度及弱酸基团的不同对树脂脱盐作用的影响。     

电化学方法对两性接枝星形聚合物LB膜屏蔽效应的研究

本文将自制Y式玻碳电极拉上两性接枝星形聚合物(GPSMA)的LB膜,用循环伏安法研究谈膜的屏蔽效应,讨论了接枝量、成膜条件等对膜缺陷的影响,并提出了减少缺陷的办法。     

衣康酸酯交联的两性网笼树脂的合成与性能

以大孔强碱树脂为笼树脂,衣康酸酯为交联剂,衣康酸酯和丙烯酸在笼树脂中交联聚合制得两性网笼树脂,考察了衣康酸单酯用量,反应时间,反应温度对树脂吸附量的影响,找出了较好的合成条件.在该条件下两性网笼树脂具有良好的机械性能.     

淀粉基强阳离子两性絮凝剂的合成

淀粉基强阳离子两性絮凝剂的合成;淀粉; 阳离子; 两性絮凝剂     

微波辅助酶促月桂酸淀粉酯的合成

以天然玉米淀粉和月桂酸为原料,脂肪酶Novozym 435为催化剂,研究了微波辐照下月桂酸淀粉酯的酶促合成。通过对淀粉进行预处理活化来提高淀粉的酯化反应活性,并主要考察了微波功率、月桂酸用量、脂肪酶Novozym 435用量及反应时间等参数对酶促月桂酸淀粉酯合成的影响。采用气相色谱法进行取代度的测定,并以取代度为考察指标,确定了最佳的反应条件。结果表明,淀粉的最佳预处理方法为NaOH/尿素混合溶液法,经该法处理后淀粉的酯化反应活性大大提高;微波辐照技术的应用大大缩短了反应时间,并提高了月桂酸淀粉酯的取代度。适宜的工艺条件为：微波功率为240W,月桂酸用量为30%,酶加入量为7%,反应时间26min。在上述反应条件下可以制得取代度为 0.0311的月桂酸玉米淀粉酯。     

环氧树脂-聚醚-三乙烯四胺嵌段聚合物的表面活性研究

本文对含有环氧树脂分子链段、聚醚链段及三乙烯四胺链段的系列多嵌段聚合物（TETA-DGEPG-EPON828、TETA-DGEPG-EPON834及TETA-DGEPG-EPON1001加成物）进行了合成与表征。其HLB的估算值分别为16.6、15.8、13.0;浊点分别为91.0℃、89.0℃、81.0℃,它们能将水溶液表面张力从74mN•m-1降低到36.4~39.4mN•m-1。通过其理化性能的研究,结果表明TETA-DGEPG-EPON834具有优良的水溶性和良好的表面活性。选用它作为相反转乳化剂,可制备出稳定的纳米级的CARDURA E-10封端的EPON828-TETA加成物的水性环氧固化剂胺基分散体乳液。     

钛酸酯偶联剂的结构对PVC/木质素复合材料性能的影响

本文采用钛酸酯系列偶联剂对造纸工业废渣──木质素磺酸盐进行处理，然后填充聚氯乙烯（PVC）制成复合材料．结果发现用钛酸酯类偶联剂处理的木质素磺酸盐，填充PVC体系，其拉伸强度随使用钛酸酯偶联剂不同，拉伸强度下降幅度不同，而冲击强度和伸长率都不同程度上升，尤以冲击强度的提高最为明显．     

Environmentally friendly LC for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and its derivatives in skin-whitening cosmetics

Ascorbic acid (AA), also known as vitamin C, is a very popular skin-whitening agent used in cosmetics. However, the use of AA (and also its sodium or magnesium salts) in cosmetic products is limited owing to its labile oxidative properties. In order to avoid its early degradation, different derivatives have been designed, such as ascorbyl phosphate (APH; as magnesium or sodium salts) and ascorbyl palmitate (AP), and more recently the ascorbyl glucoside (AG). Bearing in mind that all these chemicals in skin-whitening cosmetic products must be determined in order to control the efficacy of such products, this paper focuses on developing a wide-ranging LC analytical method able to determine the above-mentioned compounds simultaneously in cosmetic products. The chromatographic variables were studied and selected in order to achieve the total separation and subsequent determination of all the analytes involved. Thus, an octadecylsilica (C(18)) stationary phase and a mobile phase gradient of ethanol: 50 mM phosphate buffer at different pHs (containing 0.1 M NaCl) were used. Detection was carried out with a UV/visible spectrometry detector set at different wavelengths. The LOD ranged from 2 to 6 microg/mL depending on the analyte. The proposed method was validated by analysing a laboratory-made and six commercial skin-whitening cosmetic samples. The method allows any mixture of the four skin-whitening agents studied to be both separated at good resolution and determined without interferences from samples, and moreover it does not require the use of either highly toxic organic solvents or hazardous chemicals.     

大鼠器官中MRI增强试剂弛豫度的测量

测量了钆螯合物的磁共振成像(MRI)对比度增强试剂钆双胺(omniscan)在大鼠不同组织,包括肝、脾、肾、心脏、肌肉和血液中的核磁共振(NMR)弛豫度,以及在不同的大分子介质环境,如小牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和甲基纤维素(MC)溶液中的弛豫度.实验数据表明:增强试剂钆双胺在小鼠的不同组织中的弛豫度互不相同,在大分子介质溶液中弛豫度随介质大分子浓度的增大而提高.     

偶联剂对阻燃型高抗冲聚苯乙烯性能的影响

在阻燃型高抗冲聚苯乙烯（ＨＩＰＳ）中，加入一定量的ＳｉＯ２作为填充剂。采用偶联剂对无机填料进行表面处理，改善了ＨＩＰＳ与无机填料的界面结构。用电子显微镜观察了无机填料表面处理前后的形态变化。     

提高聚环氧丙烷分子量的研究

本文采用丙二醇—钾、丙二醇引发环氧丙烷（PO）的阴离子聚合，同时加入络合剂，发现聚合反应速度加快，同时能有效提高聚环氧丙烷（PPO）的分子量。通过探索合成工艺条件，得到了■为4，000的线型聚环氧丙烷。     

Comparison of the crystal structures of the potent anticancer and anti‐angiogenic agent regorafenib and its monohydrate

Regorafenib {systematic name: 4‐[4‐({[4‐chloro‐3‐(trifluoromethy)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)‐3‐fluorophenoxy]‐1‐methylpyridine‐2‐carboxamide}, C₂₁H₁₅ClF₄N₄O₃, is a potent anticancer and anti‐angiogenic agent that possesses various activities on the VEGFR, PDGFR, raf and/or flt‐3 kinase signaling molecules. The compound has been crystallized as polymorphic form I and as the monohydrate, C₂₁H₁₅ClF₄N₄O₃·H₂O. The regorafenib molecule consists of biarylurea and pyridine‐2‐carboxamide units linked by an ether group. A comparison of both forms shows that they differ in the relative orientation of the biarylurea and pyridine‐2‐carboxamide units, due to different rotations around the ether group, as measured by the C—O—C bond angles [119.5 (3)° in regorafenib and 116.10 (15)° in the monohydrate]. Meanwhile, the conformational differences are reflected in different hydrogen‐bond networks. Polymorphic form I contains two intermolecular N—H…O hydrogen bonds, which link the regorafenib molecules into an infinite molecular chain along the b axis. In the monohydrate, the presence of the solvent water molecule results in more abundant hydrogen bonds. The water molecules act as donors and acceptors, forming N—H…O and O—H…O hydrogen‐bond interactions. Thus, R₄²(28) ring motifs are formed, which are fused to form continuous spiral ring motifs along the a axis. The (trifluoromethyl)phenyl rings protrude on the outside of these motifs and interdigitate with those of adjacent ring motifs, thereby forming columns populated by halogen atoms.     

Formation of ZnO Nanoparticles by the Reaction of Zinc Metal with Aliphatic Alcohols

The reaction of aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and t-butanol with zinc powder at 330 °C under solvothermal conditions produces ZnO nanoparticles. The reaction involves the cleavage of the C-O bond of the alcohols, which occurs readily on the Zn metal surface. Addition of ethylenediamine to the reaction mixture yields nanorods, the amine acting as a shape-controlling agent. Dedicated to Professor Dieter Fenske     

毒气之王和糜烂性毒剂

糜烂性毒剂是一种以皮肤糜烂为主兼有全身中毒为特点的毒剂。文章介绍了芥子气、氮芥和路易氏气等糜烂性毒剂的发现历史、理化性质、中毒机理、救治方法;同时探讨了无害化转化的方法,包括利用芥子气和路易氏气转化成为太阳能电池的重要物质和利用糜烂性毒剂的中毒机理来研究治癌的化疗药物。     

水性环氧树脂固化剂的制备及其涂膜性能研究

采用二乙烯三胺(DETA)与聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚(PPGDGE)反应合成出DETA-PPGDGE-DETA型的多元胺加成物,然后再用一定比例环氧树脂E-20封端加成,制备出了水性环氧树脂固化剂。红外光谱(IR)及飞行时间质谱(TOF-MS)验证了该水性环氧固化剂的结构。考察了不同反应条件对固化剂结构与性能的影响,结果表明,二乙烯三胺/聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚环氧基物质的量比为10∶1,用沸点稍高的二乙二醇丁醚(DGBE)将体系中残留小分子DETA蒸除干净,环氧树脂E-20封端20%伯胺氢时,固化剂与环氧乳液混合后的涂膜性能最佳。