共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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离子液体具有不挥发、不燃烧、热稳定性高、电化学窗口宽等特点,被认为是一种满足可持续发展和绿色化学需求的溶剂介质,因其在室温下可以电沉积出多种活泼金属及合金而备受关注。本文系统地介绍了近年来离子液体在电沉积铝及铝合金中的应用进展,分类概括了用于电沉积铝及铝合金的离子液体类型;综述了电沉积机理;对不同形貌的金属铝以及二元、三元铝合金的电沉积技术进行了详细的阐述;最后探讨了当前离子液体在电沉积铝及铝合金理论与技术研究中存在的问题,并对其发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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通过紫外光谱研究了EMIMBF4、BMIMBF4、BMIMHSO4和BMIMAc四种咪唑型离子液体(ILs)与4–甲氧基甲苯(p-MT)之间的相互作用,采用循环伏安法(CV)和计时电流法(CP)研究了p-MT在四种离子液体中的电化学氧化行为,探讨了咪唑型离子液体对反应的影响. 实验结果表明,在离子液体水溶液中p-MT的紫外光谱出现明显的红移,其溶剂分子和反应底物p-MT之间相互作用,这有利于p-MT产生相对稳定的激发态. p-MT在离子液体水溶液中的电氧化受扩散控制,且p-MT在EMIMBF4水溶液中的扩散系数和电解产物的产率和选择性最佳. 相似文献
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离子液体具有不挥发性、非易燃性、离子电导率高、物化性能稳定、电化学窗口宽、结构多样性与可设计性等诸多优良特性,近年来已在电化学、生物、绿色化学等领域发挥着至关重要的作用。本文综述了离子液体在生物方面的一些应用:作为理想的载体将目标基因或者药物运送到靶细胞中达到治疗的目的;探究离子液体的毒性对生物体的影响从而达到杀灭癌细胞等特殊细胞或绿色降解的目的;利用其电催化活性好、灵敏度高等特性制成生物传感器用于电化学检测;将离子液体作为核酸分离的载体,使得核酸的分离的过程简化、效率提高。 相似文献
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Ionic liquid electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The potential of room-temperature molten salts (ionic liquids) as solvents for electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells has been investigated during the last decade. The non-volatility, good solvent properties and high electrochemical stability of ionic liquids make them attractive solvents in contrast to volatile organic solvents. Despite this, the relatively high viscosity of ionic liquids leads to mass-transport limitations. Here we review recent developments in the application of different ionic liquids as solvents or components of liquid and quasi-solid electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells. 相似文献
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Ionic liquids are a class of solvents widely studied in the literature for various applications. As a subclass of ionic liquids, redox ionic liquids can endow charge exchange properties (electrons transfer) to these electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage. In this review article, we propose to study this family of ionic liquids and suggest a chronological classification. We introduce five generations of redox ionic liquids with different basic compounds such as polyethylene glycol, ferrocene, different linker lengths, TFSI anion, and biredox ionic liquids. The versatility of the redox ionic liquids synthesis will be discussed as well as the fundamental and applied aspects of their use as electrolytes, which have high charge densities. The impact of the redox ionic liquids on the electrochemical mechanisms will be described. We also present how the redox shuttle effect, detrimental to supercapacitors, can be prevented while it can be used to improve lithium-ion batteries. 相似文献
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Izgorodina EI 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2011,13(10):4189-4207
Ionic liquids have attracted a substantial amount of interest as replacement of traditional electrolytes in high efficiency electrochemical devices for generation and storage of energy due to their superior physical and chemical properties, especially low volatility and high electrochemical stability. For enhanced performance of the electrochemical devices ionic liquids are required to be highly conductive and low viscous. Long-range Coulomb and short-range dispersion interactions between ions affect physical and chemical properties of ionic liquids in a very complex way, thus preventing direct correlations to the chemical structure. Considering a vast combination of available cations and anions that can be used to synthesize ionic liquids, development of predictive theoretical approaches that allow for accurate tailoring of their physical properties has become crucial to further enhance the performance of electrochemical devices such as lithium batteries, fuel and solar cells. This perspective article gives a thorough overview of current theoretical approaches applied for studying thermodynamic (melting point and enthalpy of vapourisation) and transport (conductivity and viscosity) properties of ionic liquids, emphasizing their reliability and limitations. Strategies for improving predictive power and versatility of existing theoretical approaches are also outlined. 相似文献
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Summary: Hydrogen can be separated from its mixtures using polymer foams with closed cells. Each cell serves as a gas container which is filled through its walls – separation membranes. Foam, as a manifold membrane system, utilizes transient states of permeation and thus takes advantage of fastest diffusion of hydrogen. Large scale manufactured polystyrene foams were chosen to demonstrate the phenomenon. Novel proton conducting membranes containing ionic liquids are being developed. They can perform in intermediate-temperature fuel cells (FC). 相似文献
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Air and water stable ionic liquids in physical chemistry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ionic liquids are defined today as liquids which solely consist of cations and anions and which by definition must have a melting point of 100 degrees C or below. Originating from electrochemistry in AlCl(3) based liquids an enormous progress was made during the recent 10 years to synthesize ionic liquids that can be handled under ambient conditions, and today about 300 ionic liquids are already commercially available. Whereas the main interest is still focussed on organic and technical chemistry, various aspects of physical chemistry in ionic liquids are discussed now in literature. In this review article we give a short overview on physicochemical aspects of ionic liquids, such as physical properties of ionic liquids, nanoparticles, nanotubes, batteries, spectroscopy, thermodynamics and catalysis of/in ionic liquids. The focus is set on air and water stable ionic liquids as they will presumably dominate various fields of chemistry in future. 相似文献
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Alejandre J Bresme F González-Melchor M del Río F 《The Journal of chemical physics》2007,126(22):224511
We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of dense liquids using nonconformal and Gaussian potential models. We investigate the effect of the softness of the potential on the pressure tensor of liquids and dense fluids when the simulations are carried out using parallelepiped cells. The combination of periodic boundary conditions and small cross sectional areas induces an anisotropy in the diagonal components of the pressure tensor. This anisotropy results in an artificial stress in the system that has to be taken into account in simulations of explicit interfaces, where the artificial stress introduces errors in the computation of the surface tension. At high liquid densities the stress anisotropy exhibits an oscillatory dependence with the cross sectional area of the simulation box. We find that the softness of the potential has a dramatic effect on the amplitude of the oscillations, which can be significantly reduced in soft potentials, such as those used in the modeling of hydrocarbon liquids or polymers. 相似文献
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离子液体萃取脱硫新工艺研究 总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36
探讨了不同离子液体在不同条件下通过萃取降低汽油中硫含量的可能性.结果表明,较长碳链的DMImBF4离子液体具有很好的深度脱硫性能,并且能够重复使用.同时,研究结果还表明离子液体可以同时降低低碳烯烃的含量,而低碳烯烃的存在可以促进离子液体对汽油中硫的萃取. 相似文献