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1.
锂离子电池硼酸盐电极材料的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
唐安平  刘立华  徐国荣  申洁  令玉林 《应用化学》2012,29(11):1221-1230
硼酸盐作为新一代锂离子电池电极材料,其具有摩尔质量小、资源丰富、环境友好和理论比容量高等优点.本文对LiFeBO3、LiMnBO3和LiCoBO3等硼酸盐正极材料以及Fe3BO6、FeBO3、Cr3BO6、Co2B2O5、Cu3B2O6和VBO3等硼酸盐负极材料的结构、制备方法、电化学性能的研究现状进行了综述,并对存在的主要问题提出了改进方法.  相似文献   

2.
发展高安全性、高能量、低成本、长寿命锂离子电池是当前动力电池应用面临的巨大挑战。电池的性能主要取决于正负极电极材料的性能。Sn基合金负极具有高能量和安全特性,是一种很有产业化前景的锂离子电池负极材料。本文综述了Sn基合金电极作为锂离子电池负极的最新研究进展,对Sn基合金负极的不同制备方法进行了总结,重点介绍了锡基合金负极材料在电化学性能方面所存在的问题及其原因,包括锡基活性物质的损失、SEI膜和氧化膜的形成、纳米粒子的团聚和锂离子嵌入过程中死锂的产生等影响合金充放电性能的因素,最后展望了以提高Sn基合金负极电化学性能为目的的研究趋势。  相似文献   

3.
韩飞  陆安慧  李文翠 《化学进展》2012,(12):2443-2456
为了满足人们对高性能锂离子电池的需求,对电极材料进行结构设计和表面改性非常重要。基于炭材料独特的优势,通过使用炭材料或是制备炭基复合物能够极大地提高锂离子电池的电化学性能。基于本实验室的研究基础,本文总结了炭基材料在锂离子电池应用领域所发挥的重要作用,综述了炭材料和炭基复合材料作为锂离子电极材料的研究进展,着重阐述了通过引入炭材料和控制材料结构来提高电池电化学性能。在炭负极材料方面,主要概述了新型炭负极材料(碳纳米管、石墨烯和无定形炭)的各种形貌结构对电化学性能的影响及各自的优缺点。在含炭复合电极材料方面,详细介绍了正负极复合材料的制备方法、结构设计、形貌控制及复合物中炭对于提高正负极活性材料的导电性和结构稳定性所发挥的积极作用。最后,对于炭基材料在锂离子电池领域需要解决的问题进行了探讨,以期提高锂离子电池的应用性能。  相似文献   

4.
张彬  张一波  杨向光 《应用化学》2014,31(12):1447-1452
以水滑石为前驱体合成微米花/纳米片多级结构过渡金属复合氧化物Co Fe2O4,一种高性能锂离子电池负极材料。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术手段对其进行结构表征,发现得到的复合氧化物为单一晶相,且具有多级结构。电化学性能测试表明,得到的负极材料具有高比容量和倍率性能。通过还原氧化石墨烯(r GO)对Co Fe2O4进行表面包覆制备Co Fe2O4/r GO,其循环稳定性得到大幅度提高。  相似文献   

5.
制备了La3 掺杂的聚苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂 ,对其进行碳化处理 ,分析了树脂碳化产物的组成和结构 ,并进一步考察了树脂碳化产物作为二次锂离子电池碳电极材料的电化学行为。La3 掺杂的聚苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂碳化产物与相同处理条件下的未掺杂离子的树脂碳化样品相比 ,3种非C元素H ,O ,S的含量都发生了明显的变化 ,其中H ,O含量有所提高 ,而S含量则有所降低。La3 掺杂的聚苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂在碳化过程中更易形成直径较大的层片石墨微晶结构。电化学实验测试结果进一步证明 :La3 掺杂有效地提高了树脂碳化产物作为锂离子电池碳负极材料的电化学性能。掺杂La3 的树脂碳化样品制备的锂离子电池碳电极材料与未掺杂La3 的树脂碳化样品制备的碳电极材料相比 ,充放电容量平均提高了约 30mAh·g- 1。  相似文献   

6.
随着锂离子电池向电动汽车、可再生能源储能系统等大型应用领域发展,锂离子电池的能量密度、功率密度等性能指标需要进一步提高。在负极材料方面,传统的石墨碳负极材料的比容量有限,已经难以满足高能量密度电池的需求。以Si基材料为代表的新型高比容量负极材料受到了人们的广泛关注。其中,Si Ox材料在发挥高比容量的同时,具有相比纯Si更小的体积变化,因而在循环寿命方面更具实用潜力。本文对目前报道的Si Ox基负极材料的研究工作进行总结,系统阐述了Si Ox材料的基本电化学性能、结构模型、电化学机理及合成方法,分类介绍了改进Si Ox材料电化学性能的各类措施,并对其中Si O及无定形Si O2材料进行了重点论述。研究表明,氧含量、歧化程度、表面状态等对Si Ox材料的电化学性能具有重要影响;界面团簇混合(ICM)结构模型可更好地对其电化学机理进行理解;通过与第二相(碳、金属、金属氧化物等)复合,造孔,表面改性(包覆、刻蚀等)及其他手段(改变粘结剂及电解液)可有效提升Si Ox基材料的首次库仑效率和循环性能;部分使用Si Ox基材料的全电池具有循环600次后容量保持率达90%的优秀循环性能。Si Ox基材料已成为一种在高比能量锂离子电池中极具应用潜力的负极材料。  相似文献   

7.
随着锂离子电池向高比能量方向发展,传统的石墨负极材料将逐渐被合金、金属氧化物等高比容量负极材料所取代。高比容量负极材料在循环过程中易产生较大的体积变化,从而导致电极循环性能衰退,限制了其实际应用。除从材料本身入手外,变换粘结剂是改善高比容量负极材料电化学性能的有效途径。本文对近十年来锂离子电池高比容量负极用粘结剂的发展进行了总结。对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)粘结剂进行改性处理,提高其黏弹性,可以显著改善电极的电化学性能。与PVDF相比,水性羧甲基纤维素(CMC)粘结剂可以明显提高Si基电极的电化学性能。CMC用作高比容量负极材料粘结剂明显优于PVDF的原因包括其利于电极浆料分散、与电解液不反应以及能够与活性物质之间形成化学键(共价键或氢键)等。同时,CMC本身的结构参数(分子量、取代度、阳离子)、CMC加入量、浆料pH值及电极孔隙率均对CMC电极的性能具有重要影响。聚丙烯酸(PAA)及海藻酸钠粘结剂由于含有更多的羧基(—COOH)基团,对高比容量负极材料具有更好的效果。其他新型粘结剂在高比容量负极性能的提升方面也具有较大潜力。  相似文献   

8.
石墨烯复合材料因其独特的结构和优异的性质被认为是最有潜力的锂离子电池负极材料之一.石墨烯基复合材料是解决充放电过程中的电极体积变化导致电池的循环性能变差这一问题的有效途径.本文作者综述了多种石墨烯基复合材料作为锂离子电池负极时的电化学性能,并展望了未来的研究方向.  相似文献   

9.
采用水热法制备了纳米线/微米棒结构的CoV2O6电极材料,并探讨了纳米线/微米棒的形成机理.通过XRD、BET、SEM、TEM/HRTEM等测试手段对合成产物的结构、形貌、组成、表面性质进行了表征,结果表明,水热条件例如反应温度、反应时间对于产物的结构和形貌起关键作用.在220℃,水热反应1h可以得到直径为60nm的CoV2O6纳米线,而在220℃,水热反应6h可以得到直径10μm的CoV2O6微米棒.研究了CoV2O6纳米线/微米棒作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能,结果显示,与CoV2O6微米棒相比,CoV2O6纳米线具有高的初始放电容量(1235mAh/g)和较好的循环稳定性,CoV2O6纳米线有希望作为锂离子电池的负极材料.  相似文献   

10.
锂离子电池正极材料的晶体结构及电化学性能   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
<正>极材料是锂离子电池的重要组成部分。作为提供自由脱嵌锂离子的正极材料,其晶体结构的特点决定了锂离子脱嵌路径方式的不同,并对锂离子电池的电化学性能等产生明显影响。本文根据正极材料的晶体结构和锂离子"脱嵌/嵌入"路径方式的不同,重点讨论了一维隧道结构、二维层状结构和三维框架结构正极材料的晶体结构特点、锂离子"脱嵌/嵌入"路径和其电化学性能之间的关系,主要包括一维隧道结构正极材料LiFePO4,二维层状结构正极材料LiMO2(M=Co,Ni,Mn)、Li1+xV3O8和Li2MSiO4(M=Fe,Mn)以及三维框架结构正极材料LiMn2O4和Li3V2(PO4)3。揭示了目前锂离子电池正极材料的研究现状和存在问题,并对今后的发展方向进行了评述。  相似文献   

11.
ZnCo2O4 has been attracted wide research attention as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in recent years based on its high theoretical specific capacity, low toxicity as well as stable chemical properties. However, the further large-scale application of pristine ZnCo2O4 anode have been impeded because of its undesirable Li+ ion conductivity, low electronic conductivity, and finite stability of electrolytes at high potentials. Recently, optimizing the micro/nano structure, modification with carbonaceous materials, incorporation with metal oxides and constructing a binder-free structure on conductive substrate for ZnCo2O4-based materials have been verified as promising effective routes for solving the above problems. In this review, the recent advances in underlying reaction mechanisms, synthetic methods and strategies for improving the performance of ZnCo2O4 anodes are comprehensively summarized. The factors affecting the electrochemical properties of ZnCo2O4-based materials are mainly discussed, and paths to promote the specific capacity and cyclic stability are proposed. Finally, several insights into the future developments, challenges, and prospects of ZnCo2O4-based anode materials of LIBs are proposed.  相似文献   

12.
Molybdenum disulfide(MoS2),a typical two-dimensional transition metallic layered material,attracts tremendous attentions in the electrochemical energy storage due to its excellent physicochemical properties.However,with the deepening of the research and exploration of the lithium storage mechanism of these advanced MoS2-based anode materials,the complex reaction process influenced by internal and external factors hinders the exhaustive understanding of the lithium storage p...  相似文献   

13.
Molybdenum and tungsten chalcogenides have attracted tremendous attention in energy storage and conversion due to their outstanding physicochemical and electrochemical properties.There are intensive studies on molybdenum and tungsten chalcogenides for energy storage and conversion,however,there is no systematic review on the applications of WS_2,Mo Se_2and WSe_2as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),except Mo S_2.Considering the importance of these contents,it is extremely necessary to overview the recent development of novel layered WS_2,Mo Se_2and WSe_2beyond Mo S_2in energy storage.Here,we will systematically overview the recent progress of WS_2,Mo Se_2and WSe_2as anode materials in LIBs and SIBs.This review will also discuss the opportunities,and perspectives of these materials in the energy storage fields.  相似文献   

14.
Lu  Yong  Zhang  Qiu  Chen  Jun 《中国科学:化学(英文版)》2019,62(5):533-548
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been widely used in many fields such as portable electronics and electric vehicles since their successful commercialization in the 1990 s. However, the electrochemical performance of current commercial LIBs still needs to be further improved to meet the continuously increasing demands for energy storage applications. Recently, tremendous research efforts have been made in developing next-generation LIBs with enhanced electrochemical performance. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent progress of LIBs with high electrochemical performance from four aspects, including cathode materials, anode materials, electrolyte, and separators. We discuss not only the commercial electrode materials(LiCoO_2,LiFePO_4, LiMn_2O_4, LiNi_xMn_yCo_zO_2, LiNi_xCo_yAl_zO_2, and graphite) but also other promising next-generation materials such as Li-, Mn-rich layered oxides, organic cathode materials, Si, and Li metal. For each type of materials, we highlight their problems and corresponding strategies to enhance their electrochemical performance. Nowadays, one of the key challenges to construct high-performance LIBs is how to develop cathode materials with high capacity and working voltage. This review provides an overview and future perspectives to develop next-generation LIBs with high electrochemical performance.  相似文献   

15.
Antimony-based materials have become promising anodes within lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their low cost and the high theoretical capacity.However,there is a potential to further enhance the electrochemical performance of such antimony-based materials.Herein,Sb2Se3@C nanofibers(Sb2Se3@CNFs)are designed and obtained via a novel electrospinning method.Upon electrochemically testing as an anode within LIBs,the Sb2Se3@CNFs(annealed at 600℃)delivers a remarkably good cycling performance of 625 mAh/g at 100 mA/g after 100 cycles.Moreover,it still remains at 490 mAh/g after 500 cycles with an applied current density of 1.0 A/g.The excellent performance of the Sb2 Se3@CNFs can be attributed to the fact that the N-doped C matrices not only remit the volume expansion of materials,but also enhance the electrical and ionic conductivity thusly increasing the lithium-ion diffusion.The obtained Sb2Se3@CNFs are promising anode for LIBs in the future.  相似文献   

16.
The preparation of novel one‐dimensional core–shell Fe/Fe2O3 nanowires as anodes for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is reported. The nanowires are prepared in a facile synthetic process in aqueous solution under ambient conditions with subsequent annealing treatment that could tune the capacity for lithium storage. When this hybrid is used as an anode material for LIBs, the outer Fe2O3 shell can act as an electrochemically active material to store and release lithium ions, whereas the highly conductive and inactive Fe core functions as nothing more than an efficient electrical conducting pathway and a remarkable buffer to tolerate volume changes of the electrode materials during the insertion and extraction of lithium ions. The core–shell Fe/Fe2O3 nanowire maintains an excellent reversible capacity of over 767 mA h g?1 at 500 mA g?1 after 200 cycles with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 98.6 %. Even at 2000 mA g?1, a stable capacity as high as 538 mA h g?1 could be obtained. The unique composition and nanostructure of this electrode material contribute to this enhanced electrochemical performance. Due to the ease of large‐scale fabrication and superior electrochemical performance, these hybrid nanowires are promising anode materials for the next generation of high‐performance LIBs.  相似文献   

17.
Pyrite FeS2 as a high-capacity electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is hindered by its unstable cycling performance owing to the large volume change and irreversible phase segregation from coarsening of Fe. Here, the beneficial microstructure evolution in MoS2-modified FeS2 is unraveled during the cycling process; the microstructure evolution is responsible for its significantly boosted lithium storage performance, making it suitable for use as an anode for LIBs. Specifically, the FeS2/MoS2 displays a long cycle life with a capacity retention of 116 % after 600 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, which is the best among the reported FeS2-based materials so far. A series of electrochemical tests and structural characterizations substantially revealed that the introduced MoS2 in FeS2 experiences an irreversible electrochemical reaction and thus the in situ formed metallic Mo could act as the conductive buffer layer to accelerate the dynamics of Li+ diffusion and electron transport. More importantly, it can guarantee the highly reversible conversion in lithiated FeS2 by preventing Fe coarsening. This work provides a fundamental understanding and an effective strategy towards the microstructure evolution for boosting lithium storage performances for other metal sulfide-based materials.  相似文献   

18.
Silicon(Si) materials as anode materials for applications in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have received increasing attention.Among the Si materials,the electrochemical properties of SiO_x-based(0x≤2)composites are the most prominent.However,due to the cycling stability of SiO_x being far from practical,there are some problems,such as Iow initial coulombic efficiency(ICE),obvious volume expansion and poor conductivity.Researchers in various countries have optimized the electrochemical properties of SiO_x-based composites by means of pore formation,surface modification,and the choice of constituents.In this review,SiO_x-based composites are classified into three categories based on the valency of Si(SiO_2 composites,SiO composites and SiO_x(0x2) composites).The synthesis,morphologies and electrochemical properties of the SiO_x-based composites that are applied in LIB are discussed.Finally,the prope rties of several common SiO_x-based composites are briefly compared and the challenges faced by SiO_x-based composites are highlight.  相似文献   

19.
Mn3O4 and Mn3O4 (140)/CNTs have been investigated as high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) applications. Nanoparticle Mn3O4 samples were synthesized by hydrothermal method using Mn(Ac)2 and NH3·H2O as the raw materials and characterized by XRD, TG, EA, TEM, and SEM. Its electrochemical performances, as anode materials, were evaluated by galvanostatic discharge-charge tests. The Mn3O4 (140)/CNTs displays outstanding electrochemical performances, such as high initial capacity (1942 mAh g?1), stable cycling performance (1088 mAh g?1 and coulombic efficiency remain at 97% after 60 cycles) and great rate performance (recover 823 mAh g?1 when return to initial current density after 44 cycles). Compared to pure Mn3O4 (140), the improving electrochemical performances can be attributed to the existence of very conductive CNTs. The Mn3O4 (140)/CNTs with excellent electrochemical properties might find applications as highly effective materials in electromagnetism, catalysis, microelectronic devices, etc. The process should also offer an effective and facile method to fabricate many other nanosized metallic oxide/CNTs nanocomposites for low-cost, high-capacity, and environmentally benign materials for LIBs.  相似文献   

20.
Na_3AlF_6-Al_2O_3熔盐体系中ZnFe_2O_4基阳极的电化学行为   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了ZnFe2O4基阳极在Na3AlF6-Al2O3(saturated)熔盐体系中的电化学稳定性,讨论了电极的析氧历程并得到了析氧过电位与阳极表观电流密度之间的Tafel关系式,η=0.12+0.052logi(i=0.015-0.44A/cm2)。用三角波电位扫描法测定了电极析氧过程的伏安曲线  相似文献   

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