基于多肽识别的电化学生物传感技术

多肽具有分子量小、易于合成、生物兼容性好、稳定性高及序列灵活多样等优点。因此,多肽作为新型生物识别元件,已被广泛应用于生物传感器的构建。电化学分析灵敏度高、准确度好、设备简单、检测范围广且易于操作。本文介绍了基于多肽识别的电化学生物传感器技术,包括多肽的修饰与固定化、多肽与待测物的识别及检测原理;综述了近五年多肽电化学生物传感器对重金属离子、小分子、蛋白质、细菌和病毒的检测;展望了肽基电化学生物传感器的发展趋势。     

基于纳米材料的电化学免疫传感器在传染性病原体POCT中的应用

传染性病原体POCT对于及时有效控制传染病尤为关键。相比于传统检测方法,基于电化学免疫传感器的传染性病原体检测具有快速、灵敏、准确、易于小型化和集成化等优势,尤其适用于传染病POCT。新兴的纳米材料因其独特的理化性质可用于修饰传感器界面或作为生物分子的固载基质以及信号标记物等,有助于构建出高选择性和高灵敏度的电化学免疫传感器。在本文中,我们着重阐述了不同结构的纳米材料修饰的电化学免疫传感器在传染性病原体POCT检测中的应用,进一步介绍了基于纳米材料的电化学免疫传感器与不同检测技术联用在传染性病原体POCT中的应用,并对其发展前景做出了展望。     

蛋白质磷酸化作用的电化学检测方法

蛋白质的磷酸化作用是一种可逆的翻译后修饰方式,几乎参与生物体内所有关键生命活动,在核内基因的特定表达、细胞的分裂分化以及各种生命活动的转导中发挥重要意义。基于磷酸化前后电化学信号的改变,利用电化学传感器的方法能快速简便地检测蛋白质的磷酸化作用,且具有较高的选择性和灵敏度。本文回顾了几种常用的电化学检测磷酸化作用的方法,基于电极材料的不同进行了分类与总结,汇总了每种方法中用到的修饰电极的纳米材料及生物分子,最后总结了电化学方法检测蛋白质磷酸化的优缺点,并对有效检测磷酸化作用进行了前景展望。     

纳米材料电化学与生物传感器——有机微污染物检测新途径

本文介绍了近年来纳米材料电化学与生物传感器在有机微污染物检测中的研究现状,分析了这些传感器中纳米材料修饰电极的特点,重点阐述了纳米材料在有机微污染物检测中的重要作用,列举了一些纳米材料电化学与生物传感器在有机微污染物检测中的应用。最后对纳米材料电化学与生物传感器用于有机微污染物的检测研究进行了简要评述和展望。     

基于血红蛋白-纳米磷酸钬复合材料的过氧化氢生物传感器

以Ho2O3为反应物,采用水热法制备了纳米磷酸钬(n-HoPO4),并利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)对其进行形貌表征和元素组成分析.将n-HoPO4和血红蛋白(Hb)复合材料修饰于裸玻碳电极(GCE)表面构建生物传感器,实现了对H2O2的电化学检测.采用循环伏安(CV)和电化学交流阻抗(EIS)技术对修饰电极进行表征,结果表明,Hb/n-HoPO4/GCE对H2O2的还原具有良好的电化学催化效果;n-HoPO4具有良好的导电性和生物相容性,促进了Hb与工作电极间的直接电子转移.研究了不同pH值和电化学扫速对修饰电极响应电流的影响.在优化实验条件下,此生物传感器对H2O2在50 ～ 1000 μmol/L范围内表现出良好的线性关系,相关线性系数R=0.999,检出限为17 μmol/L(S/N=3).此生物传感器具有检测范围宽、稳定性和重现性好、抗干扰能力强等优点,可用于实际样品的检测.     

蛋白质直接电化学研究及其应用

蛋白质直接电化学研究在生物电化学中具有重要地位,对于蛋白质结构-功能研究、蛋白质电子传递过程的热力学和动力学研究都有着重要意义,而且是研制第三代电化学生物传感器的基础。本文对在裸电极、分子自组装修饰电极和模拟生物膜修饰电极上进行蛋白质直接电化学的研究及相关应用进行简要综述。     

蛋白质直接电化学研究及其应用

蛋白质直接电化学研究在生物电化学中具有重要地位,对于蛋白质结构-功能研究、蛋白质电子传递过程的热力学和动力学研究都有着重要意义,而且是研制第三代电化学生物传感器的基础.本文对在裸电极、分子自组装修饰电极和模拟生物膜修饰电极上进行蛋白质直接电化学的研究及相关应用进行简要综述.     

蛋白质直接电化学研究及其应用

蛋白质直接电化学研究在生物电化学中具有重要地位，对于蛋白质结构．功能研究、蛋白质电子传递过程的热力学和动力学研究都有着重要意义，而且是研制第三代电化学生物传感器的基础。本文对在裸电极、分子自组装修饰电极和模拟生物膜修饰电极上进行蛋白质直接电化学的研究及相关应用进行简要综述。     

高灵敏光学和电化学适配体传感器在真菌毒素快速检测中的研究进展

高灵敏的生物传感器在痕量真菌毒素污染的快速检测中备受关注。适配体除具有与抗体类似的高选择性外,还具有可体外合成和易修饰等独特优势,已成为现阶段生物传感器中常用的识别元件。随着指数富集的配体系统进化(SELEX)技术的发展,筛选获得的真菌毒素适配体越来越多,为不同真菌毒素的检测提供了基础条件,而适配体结合现代新型纳米材料扩展了生物传感体系中生物识别与传感的范围。光学和电化学生物传感器技术属于目前极具吸引力的分析方法,介绍了近年来基于适配体的光学和电化学生物传感器检测真菌毒素的构建原理、方法特点和相关应用进展,并提出了面临的挑战与发展趋势,以期为真菌毒素检测相关研究的开展提供参考。     

多肽基金属离子传感器

多肽基金属离子传感器作为一种基于多肽序列而设计的新型传感器,越来越受到研究者的关注。多肽作为一类重要的生物小分子,具有合成方法成熟、简便、成本低,且能够以多齿配位状态与金属离子结合等优点。多肽基传感器对金属离子具有高灵敏性和高选择性,且可以通过调节多肽序列进一步优化。与其他类型传感器相比,多肽基金属离子传感器具有良好的水溶性、生物相容性以及低毒性,因而在环境检测和生物医学分析与诊断,尤其是金属离子成像等方面,有重要的应用前景。本文主要综述了近年来不同类型的多肽基金属离子传感器,包括基于紫外-可见吸收光谱法、荧光光谱法和电化学分析法等的研究进展,以及它们在一些领域中的应用,特别是针对具有高生物学毒性的重金属离子(如Hg²⁺、Cd²⁺),以及在生物体内发挥重要功能的金属离子(如Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺)等的检测与生物成像等。最后,文章总结了多肽基金属离子传感器的优缺点,并展望了其未来发展方向和应用前景。     

Recent advances in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics and their applications

The abuse of antibiotics will cause an increase of drug-resistant strains and environmental pollution,which in turn will affect human health.Therefore,it is important to develop effective detection techniques to determine the level of antibiotics contamination in various fields.Compared with traditional detection methods,electrochemical sensors have received extensive attention due to their advantages such as high sensitivity,low detection limit,and good selectivity.In this mini review,we summarized the latest developments and new trends in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics.Here,modification methods and materials of electrode are discussed.We also pay more attention to the practical applications of antibiotics electrochemical sensors in different fields.In addition,the existing problems and the future challenges ahead have been proposed.We hope that this review can provide new ideas for the development of electrochemical sensors for antibiotics in the future.     

Characterization of the GM1 pentasaccharide-Vibrio cholera toxin interaction using a carbohydrate-based electrochemical system

Antibody- or DNA-based electrochemical systems have been developed widely for several decades, while carbohydrate-based electrochemical systems have been rarely reported. Herein, we used an electrochemical detection system to understand the molecular relationships in carbohydrate-protein interactions that can provide useful information about biological processes in living organisms. This system was also helpful for the development of potent biomedical agents. Electrochemical detection was achieved through the observation of electrochemical response changes of ferrocyanide solution that resulted from the interaction of carbohydrate and protein using a modified GM1 pentasaccharide containing an anchoring thiol group that was directly immobilized on a gold electrode. As the concentration of the GM1 pentasaccharide increased, the current decreased gradually and saturated after 2 nM. We also found that the drop in current depended on the size of the carbohydrate (larger size of the carbohydrate denoted a higher slope of the current reduction), indicating that the current could be modulated by the molecular size of the carbohydrate as well as its concentration. This system was able to detect very low concentrations of carbohydrate (down to 20 fM), which highlighted the advantage of the electrochemical system. Interestingly, we found that a potential shift at the maximum current occurred upon interaction with cholera toxin proteins. By comparing results for different sizes of GM1 analogues, we surmise that the potential shift is closely associated with the specificity for the carbohydrate-protein interaction. Collectively, a carbohydrate-based electrochemical system can be leveraged for the facile and rapid analysis of carbohydrate-protein interactions.     

非酶葡萄糖传感器电极材料构建策略

电化学传感器因具有灵敏度高、检测限低等优点而得到广泛应用,将非酶电化学传感器应用于葡萄糖浓度的检测具备重要的研究价值。以金属有机骨架、碳材料和导电聚合物为基底与金属及其衍生物复合,构建的纳米复合材料修饰电极对于葡萄糖的检测具有极高的灵敏度、较低的检测限和快速响应的能力,可应用于实际样品的检测。本文综述了近年来非酶葡萄糖电化学传感器的研究进展,通过对纳米复合材料的性能比较,为非酶葡萄糖传感器的构建提供思路。     

Applications of ionic liquids in electrochemical sensors

Ionic liquids (ILs) are molten salts with the melting point close to or below room temperature. They are composed of two asymmetrical ions of opposite charges that only loosely fit together (usually bulky organic cations and smaller anions). The good solvating properties, high conductivity, non-volatility, low toxicity, large electrochemical window (i.e. the electrochemical potential range over which the electrolyte is neither reduced nor oxidized on electrodes) and good electrochemical stability, make ILs suitable for many applications. Recently, novel ion selective sensors, gas sensors and biosensors based on ILs have been developed. IL gels were found to have good biocompatibility with enzymes, proteins and even living cells. Besides a brief discussion of the properties of ILs and their general applications based on these properties, this review focuses on the application of ILs in electroanalytical sensors.     

Label-free bioelectronic detection of aptamer–protein interactions

We demonstrate for the first time the utility of nucleic acid aptamers for electrochemical detection of proteins. Highly specific and sensitive label-free detection of the target protein is achieved by combining aptamer-coated magnetic beads and chronopotentiometric stripping measurements of the captured protein (in connection to the intrinsic electroactivity of the protein). Lysozyme has thus been detected selectively in a mixture containing a large excess of six proteins and amino acids (both electroactive and non-electroactive), with a detection limit of 350 fmol (7 nM). While aptamer-based electronic sensors are in their infancy, such devices offer attractive opportunities for electrochemical detection of proteins and for developing proteomic chips.     

Magnetic beads as versatile tools for electrochemical DNA and protein biosensing

Magnetic beads (MBs) are versatile tools in the separation of nucleic acids, proteins and other biomacromolecules, their complexes and cells. In this article recent application of MBs in electrochemical biosensing and particularly in the development of DNA hybridization sensors is reviewed. In these sensors MBs serve not only for separation but also as a platform for optimized DNA hybridization. A hybridization event is detected separately at another surface, which is an electrode. The detection is based either on the intrinsic DNA electroactivity or on various kinds of DNA labeling, including chemical modification, enzyme tags, nanoparticles, electroactive beads, etc., greatly amplifying the signals measured. In addition to DNA hybridization, other kinds of biosensing in combination with MBs, such as DNA-protein interactions, are reviewed.     

纳米电化学传感器检测微生物的研究进展

致病微生物是影响人类健康的一类重要微生物。基于纳米材料的电化学免疫生物传感器在致病微生物检测方面具有检测速度快,灵敏度高,检测下限低,成本低等优点。本文综述了几种纳米材料电化学免疫生物传感器的构建和实验研究,分析了各种纳米材料如何改善电化学传感器性能,并具体比较分析了不同纳米电化学生物传感器对各种病原微生物的检测研究,最后,对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Electroanalytical sensing of dyes and colorants

Color is an important element of the final product of many industries, including the textile, leather, food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, plastic, and fuel-marking industries. Dyes are complex organic substances with chromophore and auxochromic groups, which can be electrochemically oxidized and/or reduced; this constitutes the basis of their electroanalytical determination. Despite some controversies, dyes pose risks to living organisms, especially after biotransformation, as the metabolites can be more toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic than the original dyes. The present work provides a brief overview of the recent progress in electrochemical sensors used for dye detection in diversified matrices. Sensors developed over the recent years are characterized by high sensitivity and selectivity, besides being economically advantageous once they allow the use of little or no clean-up samples in portable and miniaturized systems.     

面向亚硝酸盐检测的电化学传感器

亚硝酸盐有毒并可致癌,是一种广泛存在于自然环境和人类的生活领域中的污染物。亚硝酸盐的快速灵敏检测成为十分必要且具有重要意义的研究工作。电化学方法由于具有反应速度快、灵敏度高、检测限低等优点而倍受青睐。本文从复合电极基底及负载不同活性物质的角度详细介绍了近年来针对亚硝酸盐电化学检测的纳米复合材料传感器的研究进展,重点详述了构建方法和检测结果。以期通过它们个性和共性的比较,对构建新型电化学传感器提供参考。