分子印迹水相分离技术及其在分析化学中的应用

分子印迹分离技术通过模拟抗体-抗原相互作用原理,专一地与目标分子互补性结合,从而将目标分子与杂质分离,是一种非常具有发展前景的分离技术。传统的分子印迹技术通常是在有机相中制备对印迹分子具有选择性的印迹聚合物,然而分子印迹技术的实际应用环境大多是水相体系。近年来,分子印迹水相分离技术受到了科学工作者的广泛关注。本文分别从...     

金属离子印迹技术研究进展

作为分子印迹技术的一个重要发展方向,金属离子印迹技术的发展对于环境、生命和材料科学等领域具有重要的学术和应用价值。与金属离子有关的印迹技术属于分子印迹技术中的前沿内容,其中有两方面尤其值得关注,一是以金属离子作为模板的离子印迹技术,另一是利用金属离子与生物分子的配位作用促进和实现生物大分子的分子印迹技术。本文对近年来国内外有关金属离子的分子印迹技术进展作了介绍和综述,并对该领域目前存在的问题进行了分析和展望。     

分子印迹溶胶-凝胶材料的制备及应用

分子印迹技术是制备对特定分子具有选择性识别的聚合物的技术。分子印迹技术与溶胶-凝胶过程相结合,可设计多孔无机主体,增强分子识别能力,并具有极好的热稳定性和水解稳定性。改变溶胶-凝胶过程的条件,可制备具有最佳孔隙率和表面积,并用于分离复杂的混合物、选择性吸附富集模板分子(或目标分子)、催化、微合成器应用的分子印迹溶胶-凝胶材料。综述了溶胶．凝胶技术和分子印迹技术的特点,分子印迹溶胶-凝胶技术和分子印迹溶胶．凝胶材料的概念、基本原理、制备方法及应用。     

分子印迹技术在蛋白质分离分析中的研究进展

蛋白质结构复杂,种类多样,与各种生命活动密切相关。大部分蛋白质在生物体中含量极低,对其分析检测带来极大困难。因此实现复杂生物样品中蛋白质的选择性识别与分离,对实现蛋白质的分离分析意义重大。通过分子印迹技术制备的分子印迹聚合物含有与模板分子大小、形状一致,官能团相互匹配的三维印迹空穴,在蛋白质的选择性识别与分离领域显示出了巨大的发展潜力。但是,由于蛋白质具有尺寸较大、构型易变、结构复杂等特点,分子印迹技术在蛋白质印迹中面临着巨大挑战。该文在介绍几种新型分子印迹技术包括表面印迹、抗原决定基印迹和金属螯合物印迹的基础上,综述了近3年分子印迹技术在蛋白质分离分析方面的应用,并对其发展进行了总结与展望。     

分子印迹技术研究进展

分子印迹是制备具有分子特异识别功能聚合物的一种技术。本文从分子印迹聚合物的识别机理、分子印迹聚合制备条件和制备技术三个方面综述了分子印迹的研究进展,最后展望了分子印迹发展前景。引用文献66篇。     

表面分子印迹研究进展

表面分子印迹聚合物近年来已在手性分离、固相萃取以及化学仿生传感器等领域展现出良好的应用前景,引起了研究者们的广泛关注。表面分子印迹技术是将分子识别位点设计在载体表面或接近表面的地方,制得的表面分子印迹聚合物与传统的分子印迹聚合物相比,具有目标分子更易接近印迹位点、吸附动力学更快、吸附容量更高等优点。本文简述了表面分子印迹研究的最新进展,根据载体种类及表面修饰方法的不同,分别介绍了以硅材料、磁性材料、碳纳米管、石墨烯等为载体的表面分子印迹技术。     

蛋白质分子印迹

分子印迹技术是一种新型的高效分离技术，具有空间选择性识别特性。本文介绍了分子印迹技术在蛋白质大分子上的应用和发展，包括蛋白质分子印迹选用的单体和交联剂、印迹方法、印迹机理、蛋白质分子印迹技术的应用以及存在的一些问题。     

分子印迹-仿生传感器的研究进展

分子印迹技术是制备具有选择性分子识别能力聚合物(分子印迹聚合物)的新兴化学合成技术。分子印迹聚合物的一个重要应用是在生物传感器中取代生物分子作为识别元件,研制耐受性强、低成本的分子印迹仿生传感器。综述了分子印迹技术的基本原理及其在仿生传感器方面的应用研究现状,并对分子印迹仿生传感器的发展前景进行了评述。引用文献24篇。     

分子印迹技术的回顾、现状与展望

分子印迹技术是近年来集高分子合成、分子设计、分子识别、仿生生物工程等众多学科优势发展起来的一门边缘学科分支。分子印迹聚合物由于具有与天然抗体同样的识别性能和与高分子同样的抗腐蚀性能的双重优点,因而广泛应用于生物工程、临床医学、环境监测、食品工业等众多领域。本文回顾了分子印迹技术近十多年来的发展过程,总结了目前的研究现状,并展望了分子印迹技术未来的发展趋势。     

分子印迹技术研究进展

分子印迹技术是制备对特定目标分子具有特异性识别能力的高分子材料的技术,所制备的高分子材料被称为分子印迹聚合物.分子印迹聚合物因具有预定性、识别性和实用性三大优点已广泛应用于分离、模拟抗体与受体、催化剂以及仿生传感器等方面和领域,显示出了广泛的应用前景.作者对分子印迹技术的发展历史、基本原理、分类、应用现状以及一些新的研究热点进行了综述.     

Study of adsorption properties of synthesized mesoporous silica doped with dysprosium and modified with nickel

Mesoporous silica (MPS) modified with nickel and MPS doped with dysprosium and modified with nickel have been synthesized by the template method. The adsorbents are characterized by various techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence analyses. The adsorption properties of the synthesized samples have been investigated by inverse gas chromatography. Furthermore, thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorption of test compound belonging to different classes of organic compounds were obtained. In addition, the contributions of the energy of specific interactions to the total adsorption energy were calculated. It is also shown that entropy plays the determining role in the adsorption of test compounds on synthesized mesoporous materials.     

Controllable synthesis and growth mechanism of α-Co(OH)2 nanorods and nanoplates by a facile solution-phase route

A facile chemical precipitation route has been developed to control synthesis of α-cobalt hydroxide nanostructures with rod-like and plate-like morphologies. The α-Co(OH)₂ nanorods were achieved in large quantity when the experiments were carried out in the presence of a suitable shape-controlling reagent polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), while the α-Co(OH)₂ nanoplates were obtained when the experiments were conducted in the absence of PVP, whilst keeping other experimental conditions constant. The chemical composition and morphologies of the as-prepared α-Co(OH)₂ nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of polymer PVP on the morphologies of α-Co(OH)₂ nanoparticles were discussed in detail. The results indicated that PVP played a key role for the formation of α-Co(OH)₂ nanorods. The growth mechanism of the as-synthesized nanorods and nanoplates were discussed in detail based on the experimental results. A possible growth mechanism has been proposed to illustrate the growth of α-Co(OH)₂ nanorods.     

Ag/SBA-15复合材料的制备及其抗菌性质

本文采用二维六方结构的介孔硅SBA-15作为主体, 先将其浸渍在葡萄糖溶液中, 利用土伦试剂在原位发生氧化-还原反应, 成功地在介孔孔道中制备出分散的银纳米粒子, 并以金黄葡萄球菌为研究对象, 对Ag/SBA-15的抑菌性能及持续抑菌能力进行了检测, 结果表明, 样品对金黄葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌作用并具有持续的抑菌能力.     

无机有机-核壳材料研究进展

综述了近年来各种核壳材料的合成方法，包括聚合法layer-hy-layer(LbL)自组装技术、原位反应法等。并简要介绍了空心材料的制备及核壳材料的应用。     

Synthesis of Quantum-Size Cadmium-Zinc Sulfide Particle-Doped Glasses by the Sol-Gel Method

The optical properties of extremely small particles of semiconductor materials provide a sensitive probe of the band structure in the materials. The Sol-Gel process has been applied successfully to the preparation of small particle-size CdS-doped silica glasses such that quantum size effects are significant. Transparent and colorless gels were prepared through the hydrolysis of a complex solution of Si(OC₂H₅)₄, (CH₃)₂SO, Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O and Cd(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O. These gels were heated at 350, 500 and 750°C. The thermal treatments of samples were established by TDA/TGA analysis. By means of shift in optical absorption spectra, quantum size effects could be inferred in glasses containing these calcogenide microcrystals.     

仿生聚合物材料用于糖肽的高选择性富集

蛋白质糖基化分析对深入认识其生物功能和发现生物标志物意义重大。由于生物样品中糖肽的丰度低，糖肽的富集至关重要。该文合成了一种以色氨酸为功能基团的新型仿生聚合物材料（简称Poly-Trp），并用于糖肽的高选择性富集。扫描电子显微镜、热分析仪和红外光谱仪等表征证明Poly-Trp已成功合成。通过考察溶液条件变化对糖肽在Poly-Trp保留的影响，发现糖肽在Poly-Trp上的保留分别随着溶液中乙腈浓度的降低和酸度的升高而变弱。且Poly-Trp对牛胎球蛋白糖肽的富集选择性高于商品化ZIC-HILIC和氨基硅胶，能抵抗物质的量倍数为100的牛血清白蛋白的干扰。该研究中仿生聚合物材料的设计为糖肽富集材料提供了新思路和新方法。     

An In Situ Carbonization–Replication Method to Synthesize Mesostructured WO3/C Composite as Nonprecious‐Metal Anode Catalyst in PEMFC

A meostructured WO₃/C composite with crystalline framework and high electric conductivity has been synthesized by a new in situ carbonization–replication route using the block copolymer (poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(propylene glycol)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol)) present in situ in the pore channels of mesoporous silica template as carbon source. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry differential thermal analysis, and N₂ adsorption techniques were adopted for the structural characterization. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and single‐cell test for hydrogen electrochemical oxidation were adopted to characterize the electrochemical activities of the mesoporous WO₃/C composite. The carbon content and consequent electric conductivity of these high‐surface‐area (108–130 m² g^?1) mesostructured WO₃/C composite materials can be tuned by variation of the duration of heat treatment, and the composites exhibited high and stable electrochemical catalytic activity. The single‐cell test results indicated that the mesostructured WO₃/C composites showed clear electrochemical catalytic activity toward hydrogen oxidation at 25 °C, which makes them potential non‐precious‐metal anode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cell.     

Photo- and thermochromic spiropyrans. 21. 8"-Formyl-3,6"-dimethyl-4-oxospiro(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2,2"-[2H ]chromene) possessing photochromic properties in the solid phase

Spiropyran of the chromene series, viz., 8"-formyl-3,6"-dimethyl-4-oxospiro(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2,2"-[2H]chromene), was synthesized. In the solid phase, this compound exhibits photochromic properties. These properties were examined and the crystal structure of the compound was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound is a convenient starting reagent for the synthesis of new spiropyrans containing functional groups at position 8".     

甲基丙烯酸乙基联吡啶共聚物的电化学性能研究

本文通过先共聚、后季铵化于共聚物侧链上接入单封端联吡啶的方法,合成了三种含有不同第二共聚单体的侧链型甲基丙烯酸乙基联吡啶共聚物P(BrEMA-M_2-EV),其中M_2=AM,MMA,ST。循环伏安曲线和紫外-可见光谱的测定结果表明:活性中心的含量及不同第二共聚单体对联吡啶共聚物的电化学活性和稳定性有比较显著的影响,但不影响其光谱性质。三种联吡啶共聚物均能可逆地显示黄棕色浅紫色兰紫色的三色互变。     

Bionanocomposites of Cassava Starch and Synthetic Clay

Starch-based biofilms containing synthetic Laponite clay and glycerol were prepared using a solvent casting technique. Electron microscopy images showed predominance of the exfoliated type of nanocomposite. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a larger influence of glycerol content on the polymer β relaxation and T _g than the clay content. Gas barrier properties were influenced by clay particles and plasticizer content. An increase of clay content led to lower gas permeability values. Although both glycerol and Laponite are hydrophilic, no significant changes were observed on the water sorption by starch films at different relative humidity values. Mechanical properties are kept similar after the inorganic filler incorporation.