掺钛尖晶石锂锰氧化物的合成、结构及电化学性能研究

以掺钛电解二氧化锰为锰源合成了一系列掺钛尖晶石锂锰氧化物样品.实验结果表明,无论是在新制样品40次循环的充放电实验中,还是在经过40次循环充放电并在放电状态下贮藏3个月的再次充放电实验中,掺钛样品均具有极好的电化学性能.600℃掺钛样品在第一循环中的放电容量达到206mA·h/g.在放电态贮藏3个月后,再次充放电实验中,第一循环的放电容量达到144mA·h/g.XRD分析表明,掺钛样品仍然具有立方结构.还用红外和拉曼光谱技术研究了钛对尖晶石锂锰氧化物的电化学性能的改善作用.     

共沉积铝镍氢氧化物的结构及电化学特性

为了改善Ni(OH)2的电化学性质,提高锌镍电池的充放电性能,用化学共沉淀法合成了混合铝镍氢氧化物Ni/Al(OH)x.用XRD和FTIR表征了Ni/Al(OH)x样品的晶体结构及IR光谱特征;测试了用Ni/Al(OH)x为正极活性物质的Zn/Ni实验电池的充放电性能.研究结果表明:所合成的Ni/Al(OH)x具有α-Ni(OH)2的晶体结构;Ni/Al(OH)x活性物质在充放电过程中主要为γ/α循环,以Ni/Al(OH)x作为正极活性物质的Zn/Ni试验电池具有优良的循环性能,其最高放电比容量为379mA·h/g.     

水溶液中掺铬层状二氧化锰可充性研究

由高温分解KMnO₄制备层状K-birnessite前驱体, 再经过离子交换反应制备Cr-birnessite. 在2.5 mol/L LiOH水溶液中研究了Cr-birnessite电极的可充性. 据AAS测试和锰的价态分析得Cr-birnessite的分子式为Cr_0.26Mn_0.84O_2＋0.04. SEM显示Cr-birnessite为片状颗粒, XRD分析表明其层状结构在充放电前后没有明显变化. 恒电流充放电实验表明在2.5 mol/L LiOH水溶液中以1 C大电流速率对Cr-birnessite进行全充全放循环可达70次而保持初始容量的93%, 显示了良好的循环可逆性. AAS表明在充放电过程中材料中的铬离子没有脱嵌, Li^＋脱嵌/嵌入. 循环伏安曲线表明在大约 －0.3和0 V出现两个氧化峰, 在－0.1 V左右出现一个还原峰, 循环20周电流大小没有明显变化. 利用恒电位阶跃法测得Li^＋在Cr-birnessite 中的扩散系数平均值为1.57×10^－10 cm²·s^－1 .     

掺钛电解二氧化锰制掺杂LiMn2O4的电化学性能

由掺钛电解二氧化锰和氢氧化锂固相烧结制得系列掺钛或掺镍-钛或掺钴-钛的尖晶石锂锰氧化物样品。采用XRD、充放电循环、交流阻抗、拉曼光谱和环境扫描电镜研究了掺杂对样品电化学性能的改善作用。实验结果表明,在4.6～2.5 V电压区间，600 ℃合成的掺钛尖晶石样制备的扣式电池新样、未经过充放电循环贮存3个月的贮存样、经过40循环充放电并以充电态存放3个月的充电-贮存样进行的充放电循环中,初始放电容量分别为205 mAh·g^-1、172 mAh·g^-1和175 mAh·g^-1，40循环的容量衰减率分别为20.5%、12%、16%。掺钛明显改善尖晶石样的贮存性能。交流阻抗实验表明,掺钛可以保持尖晶石样品存放过程电荷传递阻抗和SEI层阻抗的稳定,并明显减小充电-贮存样的这两项阻抗。非原位XRD衍射表明,掺钛改善了存放过程样品晶粒的稳定性。在深度放电的条件下同时掺杂钴-钛或镍-钛不能明显改善尖晶石样的电化学性能,而掺钛能明显改善尖晶石锂锰氧化物的贮存性能。     

锂离子电池正极材料Li_2MnSiO_4固体核磁共振谱研究

应用水热-溶胶凝胶法合成了Li2MnSiO4正极材料.由XRD、FTIR、固体NMR及恒流充放电等方法表征、分析样品的相组成、晶体结构和电化学性能.结果表明,合成的样品主相为Li2MnSiO4,同时存在少量Li2CO3杂质.该材料的首次放电容量可达190mAh·g-1,但在充放电循环过程中由于结构坍塌、分解导致其容量衰退明显.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiV3-xMnxO8的水热合成与性能

采用水热法制备了Mn掺杂改性的锂二次电池钒基层状正极材料LiV3-xMnxO8(x=0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10). 用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对材料的晶体结构和形貌进行表征, 并以50 mA·g-1的电流对材料进行恒流充放电测试. 研究了Mn掺杂对材料晶体结构和电化学性能的影响. 结果表明, Mn掺杂能够明显改善材料的电化学性能. 在掺杂改性的LiV3-xMnxO8材料中, LiV2.94Mn0.06O8的初始容量最高, 达到295 mAh·g-1. 当掺杂量控制在0.01≤x≤0.08范围内时, LiV3-xMnxO8材料均具有较好的循环性能和充放电可逆性, 经20次循环后放电比容量都保持在120 mAh·g-1以上, 40次循环后都保持在100 mAh·g-1以上, 且材料的充放电效率始终维持在93%以上.     

纳米级MnO2的制备与电化学性质研究（II）溶胶凝胶法制备掺铋改性纳米...

用溶胶凝胶法制得掺铋二氧化锰。经ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ、ＩＣＰ、化学分析等测定，确定了所得样品的主要晶型为α－ＭｎＯ２，所掺铋的晶态为Ｂｉ２Ｏ３，为纳米级颗粒（记为ｎｍ－Ｂｉ－ＣＭＤ）。用它与掺铋电解二氧化锰（记为Ｃｉ－ＥＭＤ）以最佳配比混合，可大大提高充放电容量。通过循环伏安、交流电导率、交流电阻等测试所测得的电导率、电极表面的分形维数，初步解释了充入电性能改善的原因主要是由于提高了最佳配比样品的导电率     

纳米级MnO_2的制备与电化学性质研究(Ⅱ)溶胶凝胶法制备掺铋改性纳米MnO_2的性能

用溶胶凝胶法制得掺铋二氧化锰．经XRD、TEM、ICP、化学分析等测定，确定了所得样品的主要晶型为α－MnO2，所掺铋的晶态为Bi2O3,为纳米级颗粒（记为um－Bi-CMD）．用它与掺铋电解二氧化锰（记为Ci-EMD）以最佳配比混合，可大大提高充放电容量．通过循环伏安、交流电导率、交流电阻等测试所测得的电导率、电极表面的分形维数，初步解释了了充入电性能改善的原因主要是由于提高了最佳配比样品的导电率，降低了混合样品的晶界电阻，使制得的电极表面粗糙度增大，稳定了电极表面结构．     

锂电池阴极材料尖晶石型LiMn2－xLaxO4的研究

采用高温固相法,合成了掺杂改性的锂离子电池阴极材料尖晶石结构的LiMn2－xLaxO4（x=0、0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05、0.10）.用XRD对材料的晶体结构进行了表征.从材料的晶体结构、充放电测试和循环性能等方面分析了掺杂元素镧在稳定晶体结构中的作用.实验表明，掺杂后的材料在常温和高温下的循环性能均得到了明显改善.而且当掺杂量x≤0.04时，材料有较高的放电比容量.     

掺杂Al的α-Ni(OH)_2的电化学性能

采用循环伏安、模拟电池及AA型MH/Ni实验电池对掺杂铝α Ni(OH) 2 γ NiOOH电化学过程进行了研究 .XRD分析证明掺杂Alα Ni(OH) 2 在AA型MH/Ni电池中数十次充放电循环和 1年以上放置后仍保持α Ni(OH) 2 晶体结构特征不变 ,与 β Ni(OH) 2 β NiOOH过程相比 ,其电化学行为显示出更多的优点 .     

Darstellung,Kristallstrukturen, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von vier bindungsisomeren Trichlorotrirhodanoosmaten(IV)

Preparation, Crystal Structures, Vibrational Spectra, and Normal Coordinate Analysis of four Linkage Isomeric Trichlorotrirhodanoosmates(IV) By treatment of fac-[OsCl₃I₃]^2? with (SCN)₂ in dichloromethane the linkage isomers fac-[OsCl₃(NCS)₃]^2? ( 1 ), mer-[OsCl₃(NCS)₂^c(SCN)]^2? ( 2 ), mer-[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂^t]^2? ( 3 ), and mer-[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂^c]^2? ( 4 ) are formed which have been separated by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. X-Ray structure determinations have been performed on single crystals of fac-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)₃] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 12.142(5), b = 13.233(5), c = 19.300(5) Å, α = 98.642(5)º, β = 100.509(5)º, γ = 112.514(5)º, Z = 2), mer-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)₂^c (SCN)] · acetone (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 11.707(5), b = 13.238(5), c = 19.048(5) Å, α = 75.960(5)º, β = 88.981(5)º, γ = 69.999(5)º, Z = 2), mer-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂ ^t] (triclinic, space group P1, a = 10.6861(12), b = 11.6587(5), c = 12.5232(5) Å, α = 112.069(8)º, β = 95.052(8)º, γ = 92.559(7)º, Z = 1) and mer-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂ ^c] · 2acetone (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 11.444(5), b = 14.661(5), c = 15.830(5) Å, α = 75.790(5)º, β = 80.273(5)º, γ = 75.205(5)º, Z = 2). The complex anions are completely ordered. The via N or S coordinated thiocyanate groups are located nearly direct above one of the cis-positioned Cl ligands with Os? N? C angles of 169.1º, 171.5º, 175.7º ( 1 ), 175.6º, 178.6º ( 2 ), 172º ( 3 ), and 173.1º ( 4 ) and Os? S? C angles of 106.2º ( 2 ), 106.1º, 106.6º ( 3 ), 105.1º, and 108.2º ( 4 ). Using the molecular parameters of the X-Ray determinations the low temperature (10 K) IR and Raman spectra of the (n-Bu₄N) salts of all four linkage isomers have been assigned by normal coordinate analyses based on a modified valence force field. The valence force constants are f_d(OsN) = 1.71 ( 1 ), 1.46 and 1.62 ( 2 ), 1.69 ( 3 ), and 1.61 ( 4 ), f_d(OsS) = 1.27 ( 2 ), 1.36 ( 3 ), 1.32, and 1.49 mdyn/Å ( 4 ). Taking into account increments of the trans influence a good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies is achieved.     

Darstellung,Kristallstrukturen, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von vier bindungsisomeren Tetrachlorodirhodanoosmaten(IV)

Preparation, Crystal Structures, Vibrational Spectra, and Normal Coordinate Analysis of Four Linkage Isomeric Tetrachlorodirhodanoosmates(IV) By treatment of cis- or trans-[OsCl₄I₂]^2? with (SCN)₂ in dichloromethane the linkage isomers cis-[OsCl₄(NCS)₂]^2? ( 1 ), trans-[OsCl₄(NCS)(SCN)]^2? ( 2 ), cis-[OsCl₄(NCS)(SCN)]^2? ( 3 ) and trans-[OsCl₄(SCN)₂]^2? ( 4 ) are formed which have been separated by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The X-Ray structure determinations on single crystals of cis-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₄(NCS)₂] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 10.019(5), b = 11.702(5), c = 21.922(5) Å, α = 83.602(5)°, β = 85.718(5)°, γ = 73.300(5)°, Z = 2), trans-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₄ · (NCS)(SCN)] (monoclinic, space group P2₁/c, a = 18.025(5), b = 11.445(5), c = 23.437(5) Å, β = 94.208(5)°, Z = 4), cis-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₄(NCS)(SCN)] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 10.579(5), b = 11.682(5), c = 22.557(5) Å, α = 81.073(5)°, β = 85.807(5)°, γ = 87.677(5)°, Z = 2) and trans-(Ph₄As)₂ · [OsCl₄(SCN)₂] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 10.615(5), b = 11.691(5), c = 11.907(5) Å, α = 111.314(5)°, β = 96.718(5)°, γ = 91.446(5)°, Z = 1) reveal the complete ordering of the complex anions. The via N or S coordinated thiocyanate groups are located nearly direct above one of the cis-positioned Cl ligands with Os? N? C angles of 171.2° and 174.3° ( 1 ), 162.3° ( 2 ), 172° ( 3 ) and Os? S? C angles of 108.3° ( 2 ), 105.7° ( 3 ) and 105.5° ( 4 ). Using the molecular parameters of the X-Ray determinations the low temperature (10 K) IR and Raman spectra of the (n-Bu₄N) salts of all four linkage isomers are assigned by normal coordinate analyses based on a modified valence force field. The valence force constants are f_d(OsN) = 1.59 ( 1 ), 1.67 ( 2 ), 1.60 ( 3 ) and f_d(OsS) = 1.27 ( 2 ), 1.31 ( 3 ) and 1.32 mdyn Å^?1 ( 4 ). Taking into account increments of the trans influence a good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies is achieved.     

Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von (n-Bu4N)3[Ir(NCS)(SCN)5]

Preparation and Crystal Structure of (n-Bu₄N)₃[Ir(NCS)(SCN)₅] The evaporated ethanolic extrakt of the reaction product of K₃[IrCl₆] and HNO₃, refluxed with an aqueous KSCN solution yields a mixture of the linkage isomers [Ir(NCS)_n(SCN)_6?-n]^3?, n = 0? 2, and small amounts of linkage isomeric chloropentarhodanoiridates(III), from which [Ir(NCS)(SCN)₅]^3? has been isolated by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The X-Ray structure determination on a single crystal of (n-Bu₄N)₃[Ir(NCS)(SCN)₅] (monoclinic, space group P 2₁/a, a = 17.513(5), b = 32.607(5), c = 23.661(5) Å, β = 94.757(5)°, Z = 8) confirms the existance of a heteroleptic hexakis(thiocyanato(N)-thiocyanato(S))iridate(III) with an Ir? N distance of 2.03 Å and Ir? S bond lengths between 2.29 and 2.38 Å. The SCN groups with angles between 166 and 175° are nearly linear with Ir? S? C angles from 99.9 to 109.4°. The Ir? N? C angles of the two crystallographic independent anions are 166 and 174°.     

Comparative Thermogravimetric Studies of Poly(ether-ketone/sulfone) Imides and Their Parent Polymers: I. Poly(ether-ketone/sulfone) ethylimide

Thermogravimetry (TG) was employed to study the thermal degradation kinetics of poly(etherketone/sulfone)ethylimide (PEK-IE and PES-IE). The corresponding decomposition activation energies and reaction orders were obtained and the comparison was made with their parent polymerspoly(ether-ketone/sulfone) with Cardo group (PEK-C and PES-C). The results show that the degradation activation energies of PEK-IE and PES-IE were lower than that of PEK-C and PES-C; and two stages of the degradation process were found for all the four polymers. For PEK-IE and PES-IE, the activation energies in the first decomposition stage are much lower than that in the second stage and the two stages can be taken as slow induction and fast degradation, whereas for PEK-C and PES-C the activation energies in the first decomposition stage are larger than that in the second stage, and the two stages can both be taken as two fast degradation stages. The decomposition mechanism of the two stages was also speculated.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性

用廉价的均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)代替部分或全部3,3,′4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐(BPDA),与3,3′-二羟基联苯胺(HAB)进行缩聚,然后脱水酰亚胺化,制备了5种聚酰亚胺(PI)。TGA分析显示,这些PI的DTG曲线为2个峰,可分为生成聚苯并唑(PBO)再发生PBO分解的2个阶段。PI膜在500℃通N2气1 h,所得聚合物膜的DTG曲线仅为1个峰,表明这些PI可充分转变成PBO。用FTIR表征了PI和PBO膜的结构。PBO的耐热性(用失重5%时的温度Td表示)比PI高100~170℃。PMDA-HAB PBO的耐热性高于BPDA-HABPBO。HAB-BPDA-PMDA PBO的耐热性优于二元PBO。当PMDA在二酐单体中所占的摩尔分数为75%时,PBO的Td高达643℃。     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL COMPLEXES WITH AMPICILLIN

Abstract

The reaction, in water, of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions with sodium ampicillinate at room temperature has allowed isolation of dimers with the following general formula [M(amp)Cl]₂ × nH₂O (n = 1.5?3.2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman, EPR and UV-Visible). A dinuclear structure based on octahedrally coordinated metal ions is proposed.     

Energy relationship and the polarization of C_(60) cage in the endohedral complexes (X@C_(60))

In this paper, we carry out the calculation on the system (X@C60)(X=Li, Na, K, Kb, Cs; F, Cl, Br, I), where the position of X changes along 5 typical symmetry directions. For the calculation of quantum chemistry we use EHMO/ASED method, for the calculation of molecular mechanics we use Buckingham potential (exp-6-1) function, and for the calculation of thermo-chemical cycle we use individually isolating the processes such as the structure variation, charge transfer and charge distribution, and their interactions etc. The calculation results show that (1) In the region of radius r≈0.2 nm of the Ceo cage, the potential field is nearly spherical; (2) Except for Li and Na, the systems are the most stable with minimum energies at the center of C60 cage. For Li and Na, the systems are the most stable with minimum energies at r≈0.16 nm and r≈0.13 nm, respectively. In view of the interactive region of chemical bonds, the interactions between X and the C60 cage do not belong to the classical chemical bonds; (     

Drei stereoisomere quadratisch-pyramidale [Ma3b2]-Komplexe: Untersuchungen zur Existenz und zur Struktur kristalliner Dimethylsulfoxid-Komplexe von Antimon- und Bismuttrichlorid

Three Stereoisomeric Square-Pyramidal Complexes [Ma₃b₂]: Investigations of the Existence and the Structures of Crystalline Dimethyl Sulfoxide Complexes of Antimony and Bismuth Trichlorides The formation of solid complexes MCl₃ · n DMSO (M = Sb, Bi; n = 1–4) was reinvestigated. In each system, only two of four presumptive complexes could be isolated as crystalline solids: SbCl₃ · DMSO ( 1 a ) was prepared for the first time, SbCl₃ · 2 DMSO ( 1 b ), BiCl₃ · 2 DMSO ( 2 b ) and BiCl · 3 DMSO ( 2 c ) were reproduced according to literature data. Evidence is presented as to the non-existence of BiCl₃ · 4 DMSO, contrary to previous claims in the literature. A unit cell determination showed 2 c to be structurally identical with the monomeric fac-octahedral complex BiCl₃(DMSO)₃ obtained fortuitously and described elsewhere [Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 620 (1994) 1037]. The compounds 1 a (monoclinic, space group P2₁/c), 1 b (monoclinic, space group P2₁/n) and 2 b (monoclinic, space group C2) represent examples of each of the three possible geometric isomers of a square-pyramidal complex [Ma₃b₂]. In the formally 1/1 adduct 1 a , which is in fact [Sb(1)Cl₃(DMSO)₂ · Sb(2)Cl₃], the Sb(1) atom of the complex unit displays square-pyramidal geometry with the DMSO ligands situated in the apical and one of the basal positions. These units are linked into chains by SbCl₃ molecules acting as Cl-acceptors. Sb(2) forms two chelating chloro-bridges with cis-Cl atoms of one neighbouring complex and a third chloro-bridge with the remaining Cl of the symmetry-related second neighbour. The resulting Cl₆-geometry around Sb(2) is distorted octahedral. 1 b consists of square-pyramidal molecules, in which the DMSO ligands occupy two basal cis-positions; the monomeric units are loosely linked through the apical Cl atoms to form a chain of octahedra sharing trans-vertices. The asymmetric unit of 2b is a square pyramid with trans-basal DMSO ligands. The pyramids are connected by symmetry-equivalent basal chlorine atoms into chains of octahedra sharing cis-vertices. 1a displays remarkably short Sb? O dative bonds (204.7/212.9 pm); the M? O bond distances of 1b and 2b are 223.0/234.6 and 234.5/238.7 pm, respectively.     

Silica gel surface modified with sulfanilamide for selective solid-phase extraction of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II)

A new chelating matrix has been prepared by immobilising sulfanilamide (SA) on silica gel (SG) surface modified with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane as a sorbent for the solid-phase extraction (SPE) Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II). The determination of metal ions in aqueous solutions was carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Experimental conditions for effective sorption of trace levels of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) were optimised with respect to different experimental parameters using the batch and column procedures. The presence of common coexisting ions does not affect the sorption capacities. The maximum sorption capacity of the sorbent at optimum conditions was found to be 34.91, 19.07 and 23.62 mg g^?1 for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II), respectively. The detection limit of the method defined by IUPAC was found to be 1.60, 0.50 and 0.61 µg L^?1 for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II), respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the method under optimum conditions was 4.0% (n = 8). The method was applied to the recovery of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) from the certified reference material (GBW 08301, river sediment) and to the simultaneous determination of these cations in different water samples with satisfactory results.     

Spectrophotometric study of Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Zn(II) complexes with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin

The reaction of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) with Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Zn(II) was studied spectrophotometrically and kinetics, equilibrium constants as well as photodecomposition of complexes were determined. It was verified that these metal ions with large radius accelerate the incorporation reaction of zinc into TCPP. On the basis of the mechanism and kinetics of this reaction, a sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of Zn(II) has been developed. The molar absorptivity of examined Zn-TCPP complex and Sandell's sensitivity at 423 nm were 3.5×10⁵ M⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and 18.3 ng cm⁻². The detection limit for the recommended procedure was 1.4×10⁻⁹ M (0.9 ng ml⁻¹) and precision in range 20-100 ng ml⁻¹ not exceeds 2.7% RSD. The proposed method applied for zinc determination in natural waters and nutritional supplement was compared with AAS results and declared value.