膜荚黄芪苷元的结构

从膜荚黄芪的根中分得膜荚黄芪皂苷甲,皂苷乙和皂苷丙.膜荚黄芪皂苷甲是主要成分.药理试验有降压和抗炎作用、皂苷甲经Smith氧化降解得到膜荚黄芪苷元1.用IR,~1HNMR,~(13)C NMR,MS和化学降解证明其结构为1.根据镧系位移试剂的~1H NMR,1的C_(20)和C_(24)的构型分别确定为S和R.     

膜荚黄芪与蒙古黄芪化学成分的高效液相色谱-质谱研究

采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术对膜荚黄芪及蒙古黄芪药材的甲醇提取物进行了对比分析。选用Inertsil ODS C18不锈钢柱，以乙腈-水梯度洗脱，流速1．0mL／min，柱温25℃，二级管阵列（PDA）和电喷雾电离质谱（ESI-MS）同时在线检测。通过与标准品对照、紫外光谱及多级质谱分析并与文献对照鉴定了14个成分，分别是：毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（1）、芒柄花苷（2）、9，10．二甲氧基紫檀烷．3-O-β-D．吡喃葡萄糖苷（3）、2’-羟基-3’，4’-二甲氧基异黄烷-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（4）、毛蕊异黄酮（5）、黄芪甲苷（6）、黄芪皂苷Ⅱ（7）、异黄芪皂苷Ⅱ（8）、芒柄花素（9）、黄芪皂苷Ⅰ（10）、异黄芪皂苷Ⅰ（11）、蔗糖（12）、毛蕊异黄酮（7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷-6″-O-丙二酸酯（13）、乙酰黄芪皂苷Ⅰ（14）。经对比发现，膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪的主要化学成分相似但也存在一些差异。对黄芪主要成分的电喷雾质谱裂解规律进行了归纳总结。     

中药黄芪有效成份的研究 Ⅰ.多糖体的分离、性质及其生理活性

从内蒙黄芪(Astragalus mongholicus Bunge)根的水提液中分得三种多糖:黄芪多糖Ⅰ,Ⅱ及Ⅲ。经玻璃纤维纸电泳及Sephadex G-150凝胶过滤表明为均一体。黄芪多糖Ⅰ是杂多糖,由D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖和L-阿拉伯糖组成。其克分子比为1.75:1.63:1此外还含痕迹量的五碳糖,经已知分子量的标准葡聚糖在Sephadex G-75凝胶层析所标定的曲线上求得其平均分子量约为36300,比旋度为正,[α]_D~(30.5)+101.5(H _2O)。黄芪多糖Ⅱ及Ⅲ均为D-葡聚糖,其平均分子量分别约为12300和34600,比旋度亦为正,分别为[α]_D~(30.5)+170.8(H_2O)和[α]_D~(26)+177.6(H_2O)。黄芪多糖Ⅱ及Ⅲ经过碘酸氧化及Smith降解结果,除了产生大量的赤藓醇外,还产生丙三醇,这个结果表明两者的组成除含少量α-(1→6)-D-葡萄糖缩合键外。主要是α-(1→4)-D-葡萄糖的缩合键。 APS是水提取液中所分得的均一多糖部位,主要由黄芪多糖Ⅰ及Ⅱ组成,在小鼠上具有广泛的各种负疫作用,能增加小鼠脾脏的重量及细胞数,增加小鼠脾脏对绵羊红细胞的免疫应答反应和促进腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能。若将黄芪多糖Ⅰ及Ⅱ分别试验,初步结果表明多糖Ⅰ能增加脾脏重量及细胞数。但抑制脾细胞对绵羊红细胞的免疫应答反应;多糖Ⅱ作用与多糖Ⅰ相似,但较弱;而多糖Ⅲ则没有作用。     

黄芪药渣中阿拉伯木聚糖(AX-Ⅰ-1)的提取纯化、结构分析及体外抗氧化作用

黄芪药渣经分级提取,再通过二乙氨乙基(DEAE)-纤维素52阴离子交换柱层析和Sephacryl S-400HR凝胶柱层析分离纯化,得到4个多糖组分AX-Ⅰ-1~AX-Ⅰ-4.对多糖AX-Ⅰ-1的理化性质和结构进行研究发现,AX-Ⅰ-1含有鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖(摩尔比为0.006∶14.113∶8.284∶0.116∶0.468∶1),主链由阿拉伯糖和木糖通过β-(1→2),(1→3)和(1→4)苷键组成,支链由(1→4)βArap,(1→3)βGalp和(1→2)βMan组成,非还原末端由αRhap,βGclp和βGalp组成.对多糖AX-Ⅰ-1~AX-Ⅰ-4的抗氧化研究结果表明,这4个组分对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基均有一定的清除作用;当浓度为0.1 mg/m L时,多糖AX-Ⅰ-2~AX-Ⅰ-4对超氧阴离子的清除率是阳性对照维生素C(Vc)的2倍.     

黄芪药材提取纯化过程中黄芪皂苷Ⅳ含量变化及相关成分分析

该文建立了准确测定黄芪药材中游离黄芪皂苷Ⅳ含量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法,并研究了2015年版《中国药典》黄芪项下黄芪皂苷Ⅳ(黄芪甲苷)含量测定前处理操作对黄芪皂苷Ⅳ含量的影响。分别比较索氏提取后、正丁醇萃取后和氨试液除杂后黄芪皂苷Ⅳ的含量变化,并利用具有超高分辨率的傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪(FT-ICR-MS)分析其成分的差异性。结果表明,在优化条件下,黄芪药材中黄芪皂苷Ⅳ在0.387 0~24.75 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.999 8,检出限(LOD)为1.0 mg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为3.0 mg/kg,加标回收率为94.5%~105%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.4%。研究发现甲醇直接提取的黄芪皂苷Ⅰ相对含量最高,正丁醇萃取后的氨试液除杂过程会导致黄芪皂苷Ⅰ及其他黄芪皂苷Ⅳ同系物水解,黄芪皂苷Ⅰ的相对含量显著降低,而黄芪皂苷Ⅳ的含量显著升高;并发现黄芪药材中存在目前尚未报道的黄芪皂苷Ⅱ异构体,将其命名为新黄芪皂苷Ⅱ。     

千里光中几种黄酮和酚酸类成分的分离与鉴定

对千里光(Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham.)全草的乙酸乙酯提取部位进一步分离,得到4个黄酮类化合物和2个酚酸类化合物,经理化性质和NMR及MS谱学数据鉴定分别为槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、金丝桃苷(Ⅱ)、槲皮素(Ⅴ)、异鼠李素(Ⅵ)、绿原酸(Ⅲ)和咖啡酸(Ⅳ)。化合物Ⅰ～Ⅵ均为首次从千里光属植物中分离鉴定。     

黄花棘豆化学成分的研究（Ⅲ）

从黄花棘豆总皂苷的酸水解产物中分离出两种三萜皂苷元Ⅰ和Ⅱ,总皂苷经反复柱层析又得一微量三萜皂苷Ⅲ.本文报道它们的结构鉴定以及Ⅰ和Ⅱ的有关化学转变,用~(13)C NMR技术指定了Ⅰ和Ⅱ的~(13)C NMR信号.     

绵毛黄芪中的三萜苷

绵毛黄芪(Astragalus sieversianus,Pall是豆科黄芪属植物,产于我国天山西部塔城地区,也称“塔城黄芪”。它是新疆常用的中药之一,可以利尿、降压、也可防止和治疗大白鼠实验性胃溃疡。对四氯化碳引起的家兔肝损伤,用药后,可以增加血清蛋白,并降低总蛋白量。但关于其活性成份尚未见报道。Svechnikova等最近从苏联的绵毛黄芪(A.sieversianus Pall中,分离鉴定了八个三萜苷,其生理活性也未见报道。我们从新疆绵毛黄芪根的甲醇提取物中已分离到十六个三萜苷,并按照极性增加的顺序     

刺楸中新七糖皂苷的结构解析

从刺楸Kalopanax septemlobus(Thunb．)Koidz．树皮乙醇提取物中分离得到一种七糖三萜皂苷(1),其分子结构经化学方法和波谱分析(IR,ESI-MS,^1H NMR,^13C NMR,^1H-^1H COSY,^1H-^1H TOCSY,HMQC,HMBC)鉴定为3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃木糖(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷配基28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷,命名为刺皂苷Ⅰ(septemlosideⅠ)。     

天麻化学成分的研究

天麻的石油醚和70％乙醇提取部分经硅胶柱层析,分得八个成分(Ⅰ～Ⅷ)。Ⅶ[C_(13)H_(18)O_7,熔点145～148℃[α]_D~(15)-66.4°,(C.0.65,水)]为天麻主要成分,根据光谱分析、衍生物制备和苦杏仁酶水解产物的鉴定,确定其结构为对羟甲基苯β-D-吡喃葡葡糖苷,命名为天麻苷。其余七个化合物分别鉴定为天麻苷元——对羟基苯甲醇(Ⅲ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅱ)及其D-葡葡糖苷即胡萝卜苷(Ⅵ)、柠檬酸(Ⅴ)及其单甲酯(Ⅳ)以及棕榈酸(Ⅰ)和蔗糖(Ⅷ)。     

3,6-双-O-乙酰膜荚黄芪苷元的晶体和分子结构

3,6-双-O-乙酰膜荚黄芪苷元,C~34H~54O~7,属单斜晶系,空间群P2~1晶胞参数为a=10.902(4),b=17.048(6),c=8.938(3)A,β=107.99(3),V=1580(1)A^3,Z=2,D0=1.21g.cm^-3,D~m=1.18g.cm^-3.结构由直接法解出,对2253个可观察衍射计算,R=0.061,Rw=0.068.结构测定表明,20-C和24-C的构型为R和S,C(16)的羟基上氢原子H(05)与C(25)的羟基上氧原子O(7)形成分子内氢键O(5)-H(05)...(7),同时H(07)与另一个分子的羰基上氧O(2)形成分子间氢键O(7)-H(07)...O(2),通过分子间氢键,晶体中分子形成链状结构.     

黄芪葡聚多糖的化学结构

从植物黄芪(Astragalus mongholicus Bunges)根的碱性水提取液中得到一水溶性多糖黄芪葡聚糖. 它由单一葡萄糖残基构成, 分子量为5x10^4. 甲基化、过碘酸盐氧化、Smith降解和部分水解后, 揭示了它是以1,4-葡萄糖残基为主链, 并在6-O有分枝、重复单元为10个葡萄糖残基的葡聚糖(结构如3所示).     

黄芪属植物化学研究 II: 梭果萤芪花A和B的结构鉴定

本文从梭黄芪的干燥根中分得胡罗卜芪, β-谷甾醇和两个新黄芪皂芪A和B, 经光谱和化学方法确证, 芪A为3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)-β-D-木吡喃糖基]-25-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基环黄芪醇花B为3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)-(3'-O-乙酰基)-β-D-木吡喃糖基]-25-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基环黄芪醇。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.