钒基催化剂在双氧水存在下对甲、乙苯液相选择氧化的研究

研究了若干钒基催化剂在双氧水存在下对甲、乙苯的液相选择性氧化催化性能.结果表明:在乙腈为溶剂的反应体系中,所研究的钒基催化剂包括VPO,VOPO₄,V₂O₅,VO(acac)₂和NH₄VO₃等均表现出以苯甲醛为甲苯选择性氧化主产物和以苯乙酮为乙苯选择氧化主产物的反应结果;从反应活性和主产物选择性来看,按以下顺序递减:VPO＞V₂O₅＞VOPO₄＞VO(acac)₂＞NH₄VO₃.对于具有(VO)₂P₂O₇晶相的VPO催化剂,在双氧水存在下对甲苯选择性氧化主产物苯甲醛的最高选择性为58.8%,乙苯选择性氧化主产物苯乙酮的最高选择性为67.8%;其催化性能与P/V比、焙烧条件、双氧水的使用量、反应溶剂等有关.从已有的实验结果推测,钒基催化剂在双氧水存在下的甲、乙苯选择氧化反应与V⁵⁺/V⁴⁺的"氧化-还原"作用密切相关.     

树状功能高分子负载锡配合物的合成及其催化酮的Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应性能研究

通过固相合成方法将聚酰胺-胺树状分子担载于氯球上,对其外围分别用2,4-二羟基苯甲醛和邻羟基苯甲醛进行修饰,再与SnCl2.2H2O反应,形成配体不同的两类树状高分子锡配合物.将此类配合物用作30%的双氧水氧化酮的Baeyer-Villiger反应的非均相催化剂,具有较好的催化活性.2-金刚烷酮、环己酮、3-甲基-2-戊酮等都转化为相应的酯和内酯,底物的转化率和产物选择性均较高.对2-羟基苯甲醛、2,4-二羟基苯甲醛和邻羟基苯甲醛修饰的不同类型催化剂催化下的反应进行比较,发现配体对锡的担载量和催化活性均有不同程度的影响.其中邻羟基苯甲醛修饰的配合物因具有较高的锡担载量而具有了最佳的催化活性.此催化体系使用环境友好的低浓度双氧水为氧化剂,催化剂制备方法简单、催化反应完成时间短、催化剂在多次重复利用后活性没有明显降低,可回收和重复利用.     

V-Mo-O催化剂的制备及催化甲苯合成苯甲醛的研究

甲苯低温液相催化氧化制备苯甲醛是最具有竞争力的苯甲醛绿色合成路线.我们研究了溶胶凝胶法制备的V-Mo-O催化剂在液相低温条件下选择性氧化甲苯制备苯甲醛的性能.结果显示,钒钼摩尔比和焙烧温度是影响催化剂的主要因素,当钒钼的摩尔比为6∶7,焙烧温度为500℃时,催化剂表现出最佳性能.物性表征显示,该条件下合成催化剂V-Mo-O晶体呈棒状结构,直径约700 nm,长度约6μm.体相主要以Mo6V9O40和MoO3相态存在.X光电子能谱表征显示,MoO3物种分散于结晶体外表面,这种不同氧化态钼物种的分层组装可能有助于氧物种的传递,有利于提高其催化性能.催化剂在80℃温度下,以双氧水为氧化剂,冰乙酸为溶剂,反应30 min,甲苯的转化率达到38.9%,苯甲醛的选择性为69.7%.     

改性VPO催化剂选择性催化氧化苯乙烯合成苯甲醛

以30%H2O2为氧化剂,金属助剂改性VPO为催化剂选择性氧化苯乙烯合成苯甲醛.研究了金属助剂、反应时间、温度、溶剂、氧化剂的量等对反应的影响.结果表明,镍助剂修饰的VPO能显著提高苯甲醛选择性,在Ni-VPO催化剂用量为5%,n(苯乙烯)∶n(H2O2)=1∶2,乙腈做溶剂50℃反应6 h的最优条件下,苯乙烯转化率为80.6%,苯甲醛选择性74%.XRD、FT-IR、SEM对催化剂进行表征并提出了可能的反应机理.     

V-Mo-O催化剂的制备及催化甲苯合成苯甲醛的研究

在低温液相条件下,催化氧化甲苯合成苯甲醛是具有竞争力的苯甲醛合成路线。采用溶胶凝胶法制备了V-Mo-O催化剂,评估了在液相低温条件下选择性氧化甲苯的催化性能。研究表明,钒钼配比和焙烧温度对催化剂性能影响显著,适宜的钒钼物质量的配比为6:7,适宜的焙烧温度为500℃。扫描电镜实验表明,该条件下合成的催化剂呈棒状结构,直径约700nm,长度约6µm。X射线衍射观测到催化剂中拥有Mo6V9O40和MoO3物相。X光电子能谱表征,棒状催化剂外表面覆盖一层主含MoO3物种的薄层,这种不同氧化态钼物种的分层组装可能有助于氧物种的传递,提高了其催化性能。当反应温度为80℃,氧化剂为双氧水,溶剂为冰乙酸时,甲苯在该催化剂上的转化率为38.9%,苯甲醛的选择性为69.7%。     

醇在钒基催化剂上的氧化

以过氧化叔丁醇作为氧化剂,研究了醇类(苯甲醇、1-苯基乙醇和环己醇)在钒基催化剂上的氧化反应.制备了含苯磷二酚配体或吡嗪-2-羧酸酯配体的钒配合物,并运用傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振谱、紫外-可见光谱及元素分析对其进行了表征.考察了溶剂对该类反应的影响.发现在甲苯溶剂中进行氧化反应时,苯甲醇被氧化成苯甲醛而不会被深度氧化为苯甲酸;而在乙腈溶剂中,苯甲醛和苯甲酸均有生成.此外,对不同钒磷氧化物的催化活性进行了比较,结果表明,在乙腈溶剂中的产品收率比在甲苯溶剂中高.     

相转移催化法合成肉桂酸

用K2CO3作催化剂、PEG 400作相转移催化剂,对肉桂酸的合成工艺进行了研究.最佳条件为n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙酸酐)∶n(碳酸钾)=1∶3.25∶1,10mLPEG 400/0.1mol苯甲醛,反应时间1h,反应温度140～150℃,收率可达77.4%.     

生物油脂新型环氧化过程及机理研究

以金属有机化合物甲基三氧化铼(MTO)为催化剂, 双氧水为氧化剂新型化学方法合成环氧大豆油. 详细考察了催化剂在双氧水、溶剂和助剂等因素下的催化性能. 研究了该催化体系在其他油脂环氧化中的应用, 环氧产物的选择性在99%以上. 采用红外光谱法(IR)对产品进行表征. 通过紫外-可见分光光度法(UV-Vis)对催化剂的研究, 发现催化剂(MTO)在催化环氧化过程中形成催化中间体, 且催化活性很高. 对催化剂和双氧水相互作用机理及新型环氧化反应的机理进行了初步研究.     

钛钨改性HMS的合成及催化氧化苯甲醇合成苯甲醛

通过改变硅钛摩尔比和硅钨摩尔比合成了Ti-HMS和Ti/W-HMS型分子筛,并进行了NH3-TPD测试分析. 结果表明,当n(Si)∶ n(Ti)=30∶ 1、n(Si)∶ n(W)=400∶ 1时,分子筛的酸量最大. 利用上述不同HMS为催化剂,ω(H2O2)=30%的H2O2水溶液为氧化剂,在无有机溶剂及相转移催化剂条件下,氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛. 结果表明,Ti/W-HMS可选择性氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛;催化剂的酸量和酸强度越大,越有利于提高催化活性和选择性. 利用Ti(30)/W(400)-HMS为催化剂,当n(醇)∶ n(H2O2)=1∶ 2、ω(催化剂)=4%、反应时间为5 h时,苯甲醇的转化率和苯甲醛的选择性分别为72.6%、96.9%. 催化剂重复使用4次后,苯甲醇的转化率和苯甲醛的选择性分别为63.2%、89.1%.     

Dawson-型磷钼钒杂多酸盐相转移选择催化氧化苯甲醇合成苯甲醛反应研究

以Dawson型磷钼钒杂多酸盐为相转移催化剂，用过氧化氢水溶液为氧化剂，研究了苯甲醇液相选择氧化制苯甲醛的反应．系统考察了催化剂的类型、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对反应的影响．结果表明：(Cpry)6HP2Mo17VO62／H2O2／H2O是一可循环使用的苯甲醇选择氧化制苯甲醛的高效环境友好催化剂体系，适宜的反应条件为，催化剂用量2μmol，H2O2 10mmol，反应温度80℃，反应时间8h．     

The proton conductivity of heteropoly compounds

Five kinds of molybdovanadophosphoric acid: H7[P2Mo17VO62], H8[P2Mo16V2O62], H9[P2Mo15V3O62], H8[P2Mo14V4O61(H2O)] and H9[P2Mo13V5O61(H2O)] have been synthesized. The salts, K13[Ln(SiW11O39)2] (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd or Gd) have also been prepared. The proton conductivities (C) of all the above compounds have been measured, and are dependent not only on the nature of compound itself, but also on external factors such as temperature and frequency. The general trend of proton conductivity, changing with the hydration number, frequency and temperature is summarized and important conclusions have been drawn based on experimental measurements. The resulting data have not been reported hitherto in the literature.     

Selective Oxidation of Toluene with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by V-Mo-based Catalyst

The selective catalytic oxidation of toluene with hydrogen peroxide over V-Mo-based catalysts under mild conditions was studied.The promotion effect of Mo on the catalysts was studied with V/Al2O3 and Mo/Al2O3 as reference samples.The catalysts were characterized by XRD,TPR,and XPS techniques.The results show that the addition of Mo to V/Al2O3 may change the distribution of V species on Al2O3 surface.Over V-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst,highly dispersed amorphous V species facilitates benzaldehyde formation,and crystalline V2O5 species increases the conversion of toluene but decreases the selectivity to benzaldehyde,while AlVMoO7 species favors both the conversion of toluene and the formation of cresols.The yield of benzaldehyde depends remarkably on the surface O/Al and Mo/V atomic ratios,and gets to a maximum value of 13.2% with a selectivity of 79.5% at an O/Al atomic ratio of 3.0 and Mo/V atomic ratio of 0.7.     

具有Dawson结构的钼钒磷杂多酸的制备和性质研究

本文报道用改良的分步处理合成方法, 直接制备了五种未见报道的2:18系列钼钒磷杂多酸, 详细考察了它们的生成条件. 经元素分析、电位滴定和差热热重分析确定阴离子的组成分别为[P2Mo17VO62]^7^-,[P2Mo16V2O62]^8^-,[P2Mo15V3O62]^9^-, [P2Mo14V4O62H2]^8^-, [P2Mo13V5O62H2]^9^-. 对五种杂多酸的热化学性质和碱度进行了讨论. 根据紫外、红外及X射线衍射结果讨论了它们的结构, 表明都属于具有Dawson结构的杂多化合物.     

Two diphosphonate-functionalized asymmetric polyoxomolybdates with catalytic activity for oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde

Two asymmetric polyoxomolybdates Na(6){Mo(2)O(5)[(Mo(2)O(6))NH(3)CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)C(O)(PO(3))(2)](2)}·16H(2)O (1) and (NH(4))(7)Na{MoO(2)[(Mo(2)O(6))NH(3)CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)C(O)(PO(3))(2)]}(4)·H(2)O (2) have been synthesized by the reactions of alendronic acid with molybdate. Structure analysis revealed that the polyoxoanions 1 and 2 can be described as dimeric and tetrameric aggregates of the {MoO(3)[(Mo(2)O(6))NH(3)CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)C(O)(PO(3))(2)]} units respectively. Their tetrabutylammonium salts show efficient selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde with 72.5% and 81.5% benzyl alcohol conversion, and 87.1% and 82.4% benzaldehyde selectivity, respectively.     

Tetra- to dodecanuclear oxomolybdate complexes with functionalized bisphosphonate ligands: activity in killing tumor cells

We report the synthesis and characterization of five novel Mo-containing polyoxometalate (POM) bisphosphonate complexes with nuclearities ranging from 4 to 12 and with fully reduced, fully oxidized, or mixed-valent (Mo(V), Mo(VI)) molybdenum, in which the bisphosphonates bind to the POM cluster through their two phosphonate groups and a deprotonated 1-OH group. The compounds were synthesized in water by treating [Mo(V)(2)O(4)(H(2)O)(6)](2+) or [Mo(VI)O(4)](2-) with H(2)O(3)PC(C(3)H(6)NH(2))OPO(3)H(2) (alendronic acid) or its aminophenol derivative, and were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and (31)P NMR spectroscopy. (NH(4))(6)[(Mo(V)(2)O(4))(Mo(VI)(2)O(6))(2)(O(3)PC(C(3)H(6)NH(3))OPO(3))(2)]·12H(2)O (1) is an insoluble mixed-valent species. [(C(2)H(5))(2)NH(2)](4)[Mo(V)(4)O(8)(O(3)PC(C(3)H(6)NH(3))OPO(3))(2)]·6H(2)O (2) and [(C(2)H(5))(2)NH(2)](6)[Mo(V)(4)O(8)(O(3)PC(C(10)H(14)NO)OPO(3))(2)]·18H(2)O (4) contain similar tetranuclear reduced frameworks. Li(8)[(Mo(V)(2)O(4)(H(2)O))(4)(O(3)PC(C(3)H(6)NH(3))OPO(3))(4)]·45H(2)O (3) and Na(2)Rb(6)[(Mo(VI)(3)O(8))(4)(O(3)PC(C(3)H(6)NH(3))OPO(3))(4)]·26H(2)O (5) are alkali metal salts of fully reduced octanuclear and fully oxidized dodecanuclear POMs, respectively. The activities of 2-5 (which are water-soluble) against three human tumor cell lines were investigated in vitro. Although 2-4 have weak but measurable activity, 5 has IC(50) values of about 10 μM, which is about four times the activity of the parent alendronate molecule on a per-alendronate basis, which opens up the possibility of developing novel drug leads based on Mo bisphosphonate clusters.     

十六烷基膦酸配合的复合氧化物纳米催化剂稳定的O/W乳液中甲苯单一氧化为苯甲醛（英文）

苯甲醛是一种用途广泛的重要化学品,通过O2氧化甲苯制取苯甲醛是最佳生产途径,也是近几十年来工业界迫切需要的反应之一.虽然该反应在苄基上结合一个氧再脱除两个氢即可,对该反应的多相催化过程也已经研究了几十年,但其性能仍远远低于工业要求.当前的工业过程主要有甲苯氯化水解法和甲苯均相氧化法两种,但都存在严重的环境污染和腐蚀问题,且产品中含有少量卤素,阻碍了其在诸如香水或食品中的高端应用.近年来,以O2作为氧化剂及Pd,Au,Pt,Ag,Ru等贵金属或它们间的合金为催化剂的甲苯液相氧化反应研究取得了一些很好的进展,但仍然不能在高甲苯转化率下高选择性地得到苯甲醛.本课题组曾报道了一种高效的混相催化体系,以O2作为氧化剂将甲苯专一地催化氧化为苯甲醛,其中十六烷基膦酸-氧化铁(HDPA-FeOx)纳米颗粒处在甲苯和水的界面上,稳定了该O/W类皮克林乳液(Pickering).为了进一步提高催化剂晶格氧的移动性以提升催化活性,本文采用Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo, V和Ti等一系列金属氧化物对催化剂HDPA-Fe Ox进行掺杂,同时使用一种特殊的纳米Al2O3作为载体,大大地增加了催化剂制备的便捷性和保证了催化剂在实际应用中的稳定性.TEM和XRD结果表明,Al2O3负载了金属氧化物后,其形貌仍为纳米棒状结构,并只能观察到Al2O3的晶相衍射峰,表明金属氧化物均匀地负载在其表面.BET结果表明,负载后的催化剂的孔结构与载体Al2O3类似.FT-IR结果表明,HDPA很好地吸附在了催化剂表面.TG结果表明,催化剂中HDPA含量与加入量相符,质量分数为~5%.结合前期工作可知,HDPA能够调整Fe M纳米棒表面催化性质,且以1 HDPA/nm2的密度为最佳,此时,甲苯液相氧化为苯甲醛的催化性能最佳.催化性能测试结果表明,催化剂吸附了HDPA后,甲苯的转化率显著增加,且只生成苯甲醛.在所考察的第二种掺杂金属中,以Ni的效果为最好.该催化剂在最佳反应条件下,甲苯转化率为83%(TOF=0.027nm–2·s–1),苯甲醛选择性为~100%.而Cr,Mo,V和Ti等高价金属则抑制了该反应,这也说明通过掺杂第二种金属调变晶格氧的活动性可影响反应性能.经过优化后,最佳反应条件为:p H值为2.5,反应温度为180°C.原位FT-IR结果表明, 180°C下,甲苯在吸附有HDPA的催化剂表面能够发生化学吸附,苄基C–H键解离并与晶格氧产生结合,形成了C6H5–CH2–O–Fe中间物种,该物种脱附即得苯甲醛.该温度下,表面HDPA对甲苯的化学吸附不可缺.     

两个新的Dowson结构硫钼多酸盐合成，表征以及催化性质

通过水热技术合成了两种新的Dowson结构硫钼多酸盐[C5N2H14]2[S2MoⅥ18O62].8H2O(1)和[C5N2H14]8(H3O)2[S2MoⅤ2MoⅥ16O62]3.(C5H5N)2(2),并通过X射线分析、红外光谱和元素分析其进行了表征。X射线晶体结果分析,化合物1结晶于正交晶系,Pmmn空间群,a=1.79929(17)nm,b=1.35804(13)nm,c=1.41926(13)nm,V=3.4680(6)nm3,Z=2。化合物2结晶于单斜晶系,C2/m空间群,a=2.266 5(3)nm,b=1.374 9(2)nm,c=3.291 2(5)nm,β=104.31(0)°,V=9.938(2)nm3,Z=4。化合物1和2都含有Dawson结构的硫钼多酸阴离子和质子化的N-甲基哌嗪阳离子。并且由苯乙烯的氧化催化结果中看出混价钼的化合物2的催化活性要比化合物1略高。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Compound:[Nd_3(OH)_7(O_2CC_6H_4SO_3)(H_2O)]_n·nH_2O with a Pillar-layered Structure

A novel Nd(Ⅲ) compound,[Nd3(OH)7(O2CC6H4SO3)(H2O)]n·nH2O 1,has been synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of Nd2O3 and 3-sulfobenzoic acid monosodium salt. It was characterized by IR spectroscopy,elemental analysis,thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic,space group P21/c with a = 13.024(3),b = 10.961(2),c = 12.792(3) ,β = 91.271(3)°,V = 1825.6(7) 3,Z = 4,Mr = 787.97,Dc = 2.867 g/cm3,μ = 8.584 mm-1,F(000) = 1460,S = 1.035,R = 0.0442 and wR = 0.1166 (I 2σ(I)). In this compound,the cross-linkage of Nd atoms by bridging hydroxy groups results in a Nd-O inorganic 200 layer,and such layers are linked by the 3-O3S-C6H4-CO2 dianions into a pillar-layered structure. The lattice water molecules are located in the cavity.     

Pentadecatungstotrivanadodiphosphoric heteropoly acid with Dawson structure: Synthesis, conductivity and conductive mechanism

A general strategy in terms of degradating and ion-exchange synthesis was used to design pentadecatungstotrivanadodiphosphoric heteropoly acid H(9)P(2)W(15)V(3)O(62)·28H(2)O with Dawson structure and excellent conductivity. The product was characterized by ICP-MS, IR, UV, XRD, (31)P NMR, TG-DTA and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate that H(9)P(2)W(15)V(3)O(62)·28H(2)O possesses the Dawson structure. EIS measurements show a high conductivity (3.64 × 10(-2) S cm(-1) at 26 °C and 75% relative humidity), with an activation energy of 31.34 kJ mol(-1) for proton conduction. Its mechanism for proton conduction is the Vehicle mechanism.