埃索美拉唑镁的合成工艺研究

本文以2-巯基-5-甲氧基苯并咪唑和2-(氯甲基)-4-甲氧基-3,5-二甲基吡啶盐酸盐为原料,依次经过缩合、不对称氧化、埃索美拉唑成钠盐、拆分和埃索美拉唑成镁盐这五步反应得到符合药典要求的埃索美拉唑镁,总收率达到73%。该路线操作简单,反应收率高,重复性好,适合工业化大生产。     

光学活性α-取代(2-吡啶基)甲胺的对映选择性合成

以2-羟基蒎烷-3-酮为手性助剂, 与2-氨甲基吡啶缩合得到中间体酮亚胺, 经去质子化、不对称烷基化、转胺反应得到光学活性α-取代(2-吡啶基)甲胺, 对映体过量值为89-98%。并提出了过渡态模型, 对对映选择性合成反应作了较为合理的解释。     

N,N'-二茂铁甲基-(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺的合成及其在烯烃的不对称双羟基化反应中的应用

(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺和甲酰基二茂铁经缩合和还原两步反应,以90%的产率合成了N,N'-二茂铁甲基-(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺,并以其为配体催化烯烃的不对称双羟基化反应,获得了较高的对映选择性(71%～86?).     

不对称双酸催化3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃的反电子Hetero-Diels-Alder反应

研究了双酸催化剂不对称催化烯醚和β,γ-不饱和α-酮酸酯的反电子Hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA)反应, 为手性合成3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃类化合物提供了一种新的催化合成方法. InBr₃与手性磷酸钙盐Ca(1c)₂组合的手性双路易斯酸催化体系能够有效催化3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃和β,γ-不饱和α-酮酸酯的反电子HDA反应, 反应给出优秀的产率(最高达98%), 中等到良好的非对映选择性(最高达89:11)和良好到优秀的对映选择性(最高可达94%). 并且该双酸催化体系也能成功实现其它烯醚(如: 2,3-二氢-2H-呋喃, 乙烯基乙醚)的HDA反应, 获得优秀的非对映选择性(>94:6)和良好的对映选择性.     

(R)-2-{[4-(3-甲氧基丙氧基)-3-甲基吡啶-2-基]甲基亚硫酰基}- 1H-苯并咪唑的合成

以2,3-二甲基吡啶为起始原料, 经过11步反应, 不对称合成了质子泵抑制剂的关键中间体: (R)-2-{[4-(3-甲氧基丙氧基)-3-甲基吡啶-2-基]甲基亚硫酰基}-1H-苯并咪唑. 研究了用手性高效液相色谱拆分对映体、测定产品光学纯度的方法, 结果表明目标产品的ee值达到99%. 通过IR, UV, MS以及1H NMR分析对重要中间体和目标产品进行了结构鉴定.     

钯催化 1,3-丁二烯羧酯化合成 3-戊烯酸甲酯

 以 1,3-丁二烯、CO 和甲醇为原料, 进行羧酯化反应合成 3-戊烯酸甲酯是 Altam 路线生产己内酰胺绿色工艺的关键步骤. 将 Pd 与三齿 N-杂环配体或双膦配体组成的催化体系用于 1,3-丁二烯的羧酯化反应中, 其中乙酸钯/2,6-二 (3,5-二甲基吡唑基) 吡啶催化剂表现出中等的催化活性, 在 150 ºC, p(CO) = 6.0 MPa 的优化条件下反应 6 h, 1,3-丁二烯转化率为 78.8%, 3-戊烯酸甲酯选择性达 92.2% (TON = 226); 而乙酸钯/2,2?-二 (二苯基膦基) 苯醚催化体系的活性更高, 在优化反应条件下, 1,3-丁二烯转化率达 90.4%, 3-戊烯酸甲酯选择性为 91.6% (TON = 181). 在 200 ºC 及类似的羧酯化反应条件下, 1,3-丁二烯发生二聚反应, 其转化率为 99% 以上, 二聚产物 4-乙烯基-1-环己烯选择性高于 96%.     

二溴和二碘取代的手性Schiff碱-钒(Ⅳ)络合物催化硫醚不对称氧化

 由廉价的手性氨基醇与3,5-二溴或3,5-二碘水杨醛缩合得到配体,配体与VO(acac)2按一定比例络合形成络合物催化剂,考察了室温下该催化剂对芳基甲基硫醚不对称氧化反应的催化性能. 结果表明,当VO(acac)2/配体摩尔比为1/2, 并且以H2O2作为氧源时,催化剂具有较高的活性和中等至很高的对映选择性. 与(S)-苯丙氨醇和(R)-亮氨醇衍生得到的配体相比,由(S)-缬氨醇得到的配体具有更高的对映选择性. 在缓慢滴加H2O2的条件下,以3,5-二碘水杨醛和(S)-缬氨醇缩合得到的Schiff碱为配体,以苯甲硫醚和对溴苯甲硫醚为底物时,产物的ee值分别为88%和92%. 研究表明,与Fe(acac)3/Schiff碱体系不同,向VO(acac)2/Schiff碱催化体系中加入羧酸或羧酸盐类化合物并不能改善催化剂的催化性能.     

钴(Ⅱ)催化2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪绿色氧化方法

以过氧化叔丁醇为氧化剂,以钴(Ⅱ)与含N配体为催化体系催化氧化2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪(EMP),提出一种具有放大应用前景的2-乙酰基-3-甲基吡嗪绿色制备方法.考察了过渡金属催化剂的种类、配体种类、溶剂、温度等反应条件对催化氧化过程的影响,在最优反应条件下EMP转化率可达58.8%, 2-乙酰基-3-甲基吡嗪(AMP)选择性92.2%.研究了该反应体系催化氧化EMP的反应机理,建立了该反应的拟均相反应动力学模型.在以上实验基础上,对该反应体系进行了放大实验研究,结果表明该新方法具有较好的工业放大前景,但反应温度的控制是放大过程的关键因素.     

Co-N-C体系催化α-芳香醇氨氧化直接制备α-芳香腈

以Co(NO_3)_2·6H_2O和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氢溴酸盐为前驱体,Vulcan XC72R为载体,采用浸渍法制备负载型Co-N-C催化剂,使用XRD、 XPS、 HRTEM等手段对其结构进行了表征.以α-芳香醇催化氨氧化合成α-芳香腈为考察对象,对其催化性能进行了评价.例如,在O_2压力为0.5 MPa,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为20 h的条件下,以Co-N-C/700为催化剂,NH_3(aq)为氨源,在催化苯甲醇合成苯甲腈反应中,苯甲醇转化率可达100%,产物苯甲腈选择性为100%.     

二(2-乙基己基)磷酸与酒石酸衍生物复合萃取拆分扁桃酸外消旋体

本文研究了扁桃酸对映体在含二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(D2EHPA)与酒石酸衍生物复合手性选择剂的正辛醇-水两相体系中的萃取分配行为,考察了酒石酸衍生物的种类和初始浓度、D2EHPA的初始浓度、扁桃酸的初始浓度、萃取温度对分配系数和分离因子的影响.结果显示,复合手性选择剂能提高分配系数和分离因子,D2EHPA与D-酒石酸衍生物的复合手性选择剂与L-扁桃酸对映体比与D-扁桃酸对映体形成更稳定的非对映体复合物;且D2EHPA与二对甲基苯甲酰酒石酸(DTTA)的复合手性选择剂的手性选择性大于D2EHPA与二苯甲酰酒石酸(DBTA)的复合手性选择剂;同时,扁桃酸的初始浓度、萃取温度对分配系数和分离因子的影响较大.     

Controlling factors in chiral bisoxazoline-catalyzed asymmetric lithium ester enolate-imine condensation producing a beta-lactam

A catalytic amount of external chiral bisoxazoline ligand 3a bearing an isopropyl group as a stereocontrolling group catalyzed a reaction of a lithium ester enolate 4b, generated from 3-pentyl 2-methylpropionate, with benzaldehyde anisidine-imine 5 to afford corresponding beta-lactam 6 in higher 70% ee than that obtained by the reaction using a stoichiometric amount of the ligand. A bulkier ligand 3d bearing a phenyl group gave 81% and 6% ees in stoichiometric and catalytic reactions, respectively. Examination of the varying factors suggested the involvement of mixed aggregates as a reactive species. A working model is presented for prediction of the sense of asymmetric induction.     

C-S bond cleavage of pyridine-2-thiol: a new functionality of quadruply bridged dinuclear platinum and palladium complexes

Treatment of pyridine-2-thiol (pytH) with H(2) (60 atm) in the presence of 5-methylpyridine-2-thiolate (5-mpyt)-bridged dinuclear Pt(III), Pt(II), or Pd(II) complexes (1 mol %) in DMF at 150 degrees C for 72 h leads to the formation of pyridine in 3-51% yield. From the (1)H NMR study of the exchange reactions and of the products under D(2) pressure, it is suggested that the catalytic reaction involves bimetallic activation of the pyt ligand followed by the liberation of pyridine and H(2)S.     

Methoxycarbonylation of olefins catalyzed by palladium complexes bearing P,N-donor ligands

The methoxycarbonylation of alkenes catalyzed by palladium(II) complexes with P,N-donor ligands, 2-(diphenylphosphinoamino)pyridine (Ph2PNHpy), 2-[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyridine (Ph2PCH2py), and 2-(diphenylphosphino)quinoline (Ph2Pqn) has been investigated. The results show that the complex [PdCl(PPh3)(Ph2PNHpy)]Cl or an equimolar mixture of [PdCl2(Ph2PNHpy)] and PPh3, in the presence of p-toluensulfonic acid (TsOH), is an efficient catalyst for this reaction. This catalytic system promotes the conversion of styrene into methyl 2-phenylpropanoate and methyl 3-phenylpropanoate with nearly complete chemoselectivity, 98% regioselectivity in the branched isomer, and high turnover frequency, even at alkene/Pd molar ratios of 1000. Best results were obtained in toluene-MeOH (3 : 1) solvent. The Pd/Ph2PNHpy catalyst is also efficient in the methoxycarbonylation of cyclohexene and 1-hexene, although with lower rates than with styrene. Related palladium complexes [PdCl(PPh3)L]Cl (L = Ph2PCH2py and Ph2Pqn) show lower activity in the methoxycarbonylation of styrene than that of the 2-(diphenylphosphinoamino)pyridine ligand. Replacement of the last ligand by (diphenylphosphino)phenylamine (Ph2PNHPh) or 2-(diphenylphosphinoaminomethyl)pyridine (Ph2PNMepy) also reduces significantly the activity of the catalyst, indicating that both the presence of the pyridine fragment as well as the NH group, are required to achieve a high performing catalyst. Isotopic labeling experiments using MeOD are consistent with a hydride mechanism for the [PdCl(PPh3)(Ph2PNHpy)]Cl catalyst.     

Synthesis and characterization of oxorhenium(v) diamido pyridine complexes that catalyze oxygen atom transfer reactions

The detailed syntheses of complexes 1-4, Re(O)(X)(DAP) (X = Me, 1; Cl, 2; I, 3; OTf (triflate), 4) incorporating the diamido pyridine (DAP) ancillary ligand (2,6-bis((mesitylamino)methyl)pyridine) are described and shown to be effective catalysts for oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactions of PyO to PPh(3). The catalytic activities are as follows: 4≈3 > 2 > 1. The observed electronic trend is consistent with the turnover limiting reduction of the proposed Re(VII) dioxo intermediate, Re(O)(2)(X)(DAP), during the catalytic cycle. The catalytic activity of complexes 1-3 was compared to previously published diamido amine (DAAm) oxorhenium complexes of the type Re(O)(X)(DAAm) (X = Me, 5; Cl, 6; I, 7 and DAAm = N,N-bis(2-arylaminoethyl)methylamine) which exhibit hydrolytic degradation during the catalytic reaction. Complexes 1-3 displayed higher turnover frequencies compared to 5-7. This higher catalytic activity was attributed to the more rigid DAP ligand backbone, which makes the complexes less susceptible to decomposition. However, another decomposition pathway was proposed for this catalytic system due to the observation of Re(O)(3)((MesNCH(2))(MesNCH)NC(5)H(3)) 8 in which one arm of the DAP ligand is oxidized.     

Efficient asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes using C2‐novel chiral pyridine β‐amino alcohols as chiral ligands

A series of novel C₂‐symmetric chiral pyridine β‐amino alcohol ligands have been synthesized from 2,6‐pyridine dicarboxaldehyde, m‐phthalaldehyde and chiral β‐amino alcohols through a two‐step reaction. All their structures were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and IR. Their enantioselective induction behaviors were examined under different conditions such as the structure of the ligands, reaction temperature, solvent, reaction time and catalytic amount. The results show that the corresponding chiral secondary alcohols can be obtained with high yields and moderate to good enantiomeric excess. The best result, up to 89% ee, was obtained when the ligand 3c (2S,2′R)‐2,2′‐((pyridine‐2,6‐diylbis(methylene))bisazanediyl))bis(4‐methyl‐1,1‐diphenylpentan‐1‐ol) was used in toluene at room temperature. The ligand 3g (2S,2′R)‐2,2′‐((1,3‐phenylenebis(methylene))bis(azanediyl))bis(4‐methyl‐1,1‐diphenylpentan‐1‐ol) was prepared in which the pyridine ring was replaced by the benzene ring compared to 3c in order to illustrate the unique role of the N atom in the pyridine ring in the inductive reaction. The results indicate that the coordination of the N atom of the pyridine ring is essential in the asymmetric induction reaction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

附加试剂及反应介质对TPPFeCl催化环己烷仿生氧化反应性能的影响

研究了某些附加试剂及反应介质对四苯基卟吩合铁(Ⅲ)[TPPFeCl或(TPPFe)₂O]模拟细胞色素P-450催化PhIO羟化环己烷反应的影响。发现适量的异丙醇、吡啶及NaOH能促进反应,加入盐酸及增大介质的极性对反应不利。证明了副产物环己酮主要是由PhIO直接氧化主产物环己醇生成的,TPPFeCl的存在不利于酮的生成,醇的存在能延长催化剂的寿命。     

Henry reaction catalyzed by copper(I) complexes of a new pyridine‐containing macrocyclic ligand

The synthesis and characterization of copper(I) complexes of the novel pyridine‐containing macrocyclic ligand (PC‐L) and their use as catalysts in the Henry reaction are reported. The pyridine‐based 12‐membered tetraaza macrocyclic (PC‐L) ligand 1 can be obtained in good overall yield (85%) from commercially available starting materials. The Cu(I) complexes showed good catalytic activities in the Henry reaction of different aldehydes and nitroalkanes. Remarkable diastereoselectivity was observed when isatine was reacted with nitroethane under catalytic conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of isopropyl tris(dioctylphosphoryloxy) titanate for flame-retardant TPU based on oyster shell powder

The flammability and droplet properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) have limited its wide application in many fields. In this article, isopropyl tris(dioctylphosphoryloxy) titanate was selected as synergism and compatilizer with oyster shell powder as flame retardant in TPU composites. And the influence of isopropyl tris(dioctylphosphoryloxy) titanate for flame-retardant TPU composites has been intensively investigated using the smoke density test, the cone calorimeter test, and the thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry, respectively. The test results show that isopropyl tris(dioctylphosphoryloxy) titanate can reduce the smoke production and heat release. And the total smoke production was reduced by 32% when the mass fraction of isopropyl tris(dioctylphosphoryloxy) titanate was 0.1%. The above results indicate that isopropyl tris(dioctylphosphoryloxy) titanate has a good application prospect in reducing the risk of TPU combustion.

     

在SO42-/ZrO2 上苯与丙烯的烷基化反应

Super acidic catalyst SO42-/ZrO2 was prepared and characterized by XRD,IR,and Py-IR. Selectively catalytic gas phase flow reactions of benzene and propene over the catalyst were carried out in a made-to-measure high pressure flow reactor with a thermometer and a condenser. The benzene and propene were kept in pressure tanks at 8 : 1 ratio with N2 gas at 4. 0 MPa. The reactants were pumped into the quantifier where the pressure was maintained by N2 gas at 8. 0 MPa. They were then pumped into the reaction reactor using catalytic synthesis of isopropyl benzene. The collected liquid phase products were analyzed using GC-MS. Product analyses were carried out on SE-54. The effect of the preparative condition on the catalytic synthesis of isopropyl benzene over the catalysts has been tested. The result shows that the SO42-/ZrO2 can be used as a catalyst for the title reaction,and shows higher conversion（99.2%）for the propene and higher selectivity（93.3%）for the isopropyl benzene when the catalyst is preparated in some condition.