氮氧自由基的研究(Ⅱ)——哌啶类氮氧自由基的溶剂效应及其分子结构的研究

对4-氧-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基在26种不同溶剂中的顺磁共振谱进行了测定,发现超精细分裂常数A_N随溶剂极性的增加而上升,而g值却呈现微小的下降趋势。A_N与Reichardt E_T、Kosower Z值之间有线性关系,而与ε、μ却不呈现线性关系。由于E_T、Z为模型反应的溶剂微观极性效应参数,而ε、μ为非模型反应的溶剂宏观极性效应参数,所以A_N可以作为一种新的非模型反应的溶剂微观极性效应参数。用HMO方法计算了氮氧自由基中异核双原子三电子键(N—O)的成键和反键轨道能量,采用Streitwieser所推荐的杂原子h_i和K_(ij)的半经验数值,结果表明离域能在0.4—0.5β范围,与丁二烯的离域能(NMO法)相当,定性地说明了氮氧自由基的稳定性以及溶剂极性对π电子密度分布的影响。     

高分辨偏正拉曼光谱对丙酸酐C=O振动模的拉曼光谱非一致效应研究

根据C=O振动的各向同性和各向异性拉曼光谱和红外光谱特点讨论研究了丙酸酐分子的局部有序排列以及振动耦合机理. 利用三级联共聚焦拉曼光谱仪测定了不同浓度丙酸酐的各向同性与各向异性拉曼光谱图, 分别采集了丙酸酐在四氯化碳和甲醇中的光谱以及不同极性溶剂中的光谱, 具体分析了丙酸酐C=O振动模的浓度效应、 溶剂效应以及拉曼光谱非一致效应(NCE). 结果表明, 丙酸酐C=O振动模的NCE效应随着浓度的降低而减小; 随着溶剂极性的减小而增加. 利用密度泛函理论的B3LYP-D3/31-311G(d,p)基组计算了丙酸酐单体和二聚体的几何稳定构型, 用聚集态理论模型解释了丙酸酐分子的NCE效应、 浓度效应与溶剂效应. 理论计算结果与实验结果相吻合.     

色谱保留行为与溶质分子结构间的关系

 ]为了讨论色谱保留行为与溶质分子结构间的关系，本文近似地认为分子间作用力由非极性作用力和极性作用力两部分组成。用数理统计方法考察了脂肪伯胺、脂肪醇等化合物的气相色谱和反相液体色谱保留行为与碳数（或分子连通性指数）、诱导效应指数间的关系，得到一般表达式CR=Anc（或X+BF+C。据此式解释了同类化合物同分异构体的保留行为。讨论了表达式与碳数规律的关系以及系数A、B、C与麦克雷诺常数△I、溶剂极性参数P＇的关系。     

可见光敏引发体系荧光黄双二苯基碘钅翁盐的研究

通过计算呫吨染料与二苯基碘钅翁盐反应的电子转移参数, 发现荧光黄与二苯基碘钅翁盐反应的热力学驱动力最大, 证明了实现光敏化方式是电子转移反应. 通过对引发体系吸收光谱的研究, 考察了不同价键结构、溶剂效应及引发剂浓度对引发体系吸收光谱的影响, 证实了与C-6位酚氧离子相结合的离子种类很大程度上决定了染料敏化体系的吸收峰强度及峰形状, 溶剂极性增大, 吸收光谱红移; 溶剂极性减小, 其吸收光谱蓝移. 在非极性溶剂中, 引发剂浓度越高, 其解离度越大, 引发剂更多地以自由离子形式存在.     

基于分子表面静电势参数分析溶剂的极性性质

用理论计算导出的分子表面静电势参数∏和б2tot对一系列溶剂的五种极性指标ETN、π*、Py、SPP和S'进行了相关分析,与Catalan的理论热力学分析结果进行了比较.结果显示:S'是一个适用性很好的溶剂极性参数,而质子性溶剂的ETN值、芳香化合物和多卤代化合物的π*值和SPP值则存在着一定的非极性因素.     

a-单取代环十二酮构象转换的溶剂效应和温度效应

利用^1H NMR技术研究了a-单取代环十二酮的a-边外取代[3333]-2-酮构象(A)和-角顺取代[3333]-2-酮构象(B)相互转换的溶剂效应和温度效应．结果显示，一般情况下随着溶剂极性的增加，构象B的含量增加，这可以解释为构象B较构象A有较大的偶极矩．当分子中的取代基能与羰基形成分子内氢键时，情况则相反，随着溶剂极性的增加，构象B的含量降低，这可以解释为构象B的分子内氢键的减弱．结果还显示，温度的升高有利于两个构象的相互转换而达到新的平衡．     

α-单取代环十二酮构象转换的溶剂效应和温度效应

利用1H NMR技术研究了α-单取代环十二酮的α-边外取代[3333]-2-酮构象(A)和α-角顺取代[3333]-2-酮构象(B)相互转换的溶剂效应和温度效应.结果显示,一般情况下随着溶剂极性的增加,构象B的含量增加,这可以解释为构象B较构象A有较大的偶极矩.当分子中的取代基能与羰基形成分子内氢键时,情况则相反,随着溶剂极性的增加,构象B的含量降低,这可以解释为构象B的分子内氢键的减弱.结果还显示,温度的升高有利于两个构象的相互转换而达到新的平衡.     

N,N-二甲基乙酰胺与醇分子间相互作用的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311＋G*水平上对乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇与N,N-二甲基乙酰胺形成的1∶1氢键复合物进行计算研究. 结果表明: 醇与N,N-二甲基乙酰胺形成的复合物存在强的氢键, 表现为羰基氧原子的孤对电子与醇羟基反键σ轨道的相互作用. 振动分析显示, 分子间C＝O…H—O氢键的形成使C＝O和H—O伸缩振动频率明显红移. 溶剂对氢键产生较大的影响, 随着溶剂极性的增加, 复合物氢键有蓝移趋势.     

醇类溶剂溶剂化显色极性的理论分析

对一系列醇类溶剂分子进行了理论计算,运用多元线性回归分析方法从分子间相互作用的角度对四种溶剂化显色极性参数(E~T^N,π^*,Py和SPP)进行了理论分析。结果表明,对醇类溶剂而言,参数E~T^N和SPP实质上主要反映的是溶剂的氢键酸性性质;参数π^*中虽然包含了溶剂的极性因素,但同时与溶质-溶剂分子间的电荷转移相互作用有着密切的关系;而参数Py则较好地反映了溶剂的极性性质。     

1,2-聚丁二烯~(13)C-NMR弛豫的溶剂效应

本文测定了一系列具有不同微观结构的1,2-聚丁二烯样品在四种溶剂的50.3MHz ~(13)C自旋-晶格弛豫时间(T_1)和核Overhauser效应(NOE)值。并用Schaefer logx~2相关时间分布模型对实验数据进行了拟合。研究了1,2-聚丁二烯在溶液中的~(13)C-NMR弛豫的溶剂效应及其与结构的关系。发现聚合物与溶剂的溶解度参数之差△δ越大,聚合物在溶液中协同链段运动趋向越明显,~(13)C自旋-晶格弛豫速率(1/T_1)越大;1,2-链节较少,分子链较柔顺时,~(13)C-NMR弛豫受溶剂影响较显著。NMR弛豫参数对结构变化的反应在良溶剂中比在不良溶剂中敏感。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.