固相萃取/定量核磁共振波谱法测定乳增宁胶囊中的淫羊藿苷

建立了固相萃取(SPE)/定量核磁共振波谱(q NMR)无标样测定乳增宁胶囊中有效成分淫羊藿苷含量的方法。样品用10%乙醇室温下超声提取,以HC-C18型SPE柱对提取液进行浓缩除杂后,用q NMR测定淫羊藿苷的含量。考察了超声时间、SPE样品前处理条件以及定量核磁共振实验条件对定量结果的影响。选择氘代二甲基亚砜为溶剂,2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸为内标,并用基准试剂邻苯二甲酸氢钾对其进行标定。选择脉冲宽度P1=14.1μs,扫描次数NS=256为q NMR定量淫羊藿苷的实验条件。淫羊藿苷的定量峰为δ7.9(2',6'-H,d,2H)。结果显示,所建方法的日内精密度RSD为0.43%,日间精密度RSD为0.75%,淫羊藿苷与2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸峰面积比与质量比的零截距标准曲线的线性相关系数为0.999 9,且斜率与理论值相符。该法测定淫羊藿苷的LOD为0.122 mg/g;LOQ为0.368 mg/g。样品经SPE预处理后淫羊藿苷的回收率为99.8%~103.0%。可在不用对照品的情况下对乳增宁胶囊中淫羊藿苷的含量进行测定。     

手性高效液相色谱法测定板蓝根中表告依春和告依春含量

采用Chiralpak IC手性柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),建立了正相高效液相色谱测定板蓝根中表告依春(R-告依春)和告依春(S-告依春)含量的方法。考察了流动相组成、流速和柱温对分离度的影响。经优化后的实验条件: 以正己烷-异丙醇(体积比为90:10)为流动相,流速为0.8 mL/min;检测波长为245 nm,柱温为20 ℃。在此优化条件下,表告依春和告依春分离度为3.4,检出限为2.0 mg/L,在0.02～2.0 g/L范围内有良好的线性关系,平均回收率为101%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于3.0%(n=6)。本方法可将具有抗病毒活性的表告依春与其对映体告依春基线分离并测定,专属性强,能有效控制板蓝根的质量。     

定量核磁共振波谱法同时测定中药虎杖中白藜芦醇和虎杖苷的含量

建立了定量核磁共振波谱法同时测定虎杖中白藜芦醇和虎杖苷的方法。样品用80%乙醇和丙酮两次超声提取净化,再用定量核磁共振波谱法测定。考察了样品预处理和核磁共振实验条件对测定结果的影响,选择氘代二甲亚砜-重水(10∶1,V/V)为溶剂,用基准物质邻苯二甲酸氢钾标定的2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸为内标,选择脉冲延迟时间为5 s,采样次数为32次。定量峰为6.388~6.391(白藜芦醇:H-2,6,d,2H)和6.322~6.330(虎杖苷:H-4,t,1H)。结果表明,NMR测定的精密度均小于0.6%,线性相关系数(r)均大于0.999,白藜芦醇和虎杖苷的检出限分别为0.23和0.24 g/L,定量限分别为0.69和1.57 g/L,包括样品提取过程的回收率分别为97.7%~103.5%(RSD=2.4%)和94.5%~99.2%(RSD=1.6%),显示出定量核磁共振法在中药定量时的可靠性。实际测定4种虎杖饮片及配方颗粒样品中白藜芦醇和虎杖苷含量分别为3.57~5.69 mg/g和12.73~24.07 mg/g。     

快速测定植物油胆固醇含量在地沟油筛查中的应用

采用皂化气相色谱氢火焰离子检测器法测试了多个植物油样品,发现胆固醇峰被干扰比较严重,很难得出植物油与地沟油胆固醇含量的界定值。采用SPE进行样品前处理,对SPE处理条件进行优化,得出优化条件为称样量0.25 g ,20 mL 0.6%乙醚-正己烷(V/V)作为淋洗液,20 mL 15%乙醚-正己烷(V/V)作为洗脱液。用SPE气相色谱氢火焰离子检测器法分析了84个植物油样品和13个地沟油样品中胆固醇含量,测定结果表明,植物油胆固醇含量与地沟油胆固醇含量有明显区别,所有植物油胆固醇含量都小于50μg/g,13个地沟油样中11个样胆固醇含量大于50μg/g。因此,采用上述植物油胆固醇测定方法,胆固醇含量超过50μg/g可判定为疑似地沟油,反之不成立。本方法在0~760 mg/L浓度范围内相关系数R2=0.9999,方法检出限为6. 0μg/g,两个浓度水平(17.7和695 mg/L)的相对标准偏差分别为1.6%和1.5%,回收率为103%。     

无筛板型固相萃取柱的制备及其在食品中苯甲酸的测定研究

结合固相萃取(SPE)盘与含支撑物的SPE柱技术,制备了一种新型的无筛板型固相萃取柱.以C18填料为例,以话梅样品为介质对其中的苯甲酸进行分析,并用传统固相萃取小柱平行比较;将SPE与HPLC-UV结合,考察了填料对简单介质中苯甲酸的最大吸附量及洗脱曲线,研究了新型SPE柱在实际应用中的分离纯化效果.结果表明,新型SPE柱对样品的吸附效果更好,规格为200 mg/3 mL的SPE柱对苯甲酸的吸附量达到0.951 mg,超过了传统柱的吸附量0.908 mg;其洗脱曲线与传统柱几乎重合;苯甲酸在1～100 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好, r=0.9999,用此SPE柱纯化后的样品加标回收率和相对误差分别在88.4%～102.3%和1.4%～2.9%之间.     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定板蓝根中苯甲酸、水杨酸和邻氨基苯甲酸

采用胶束电动毛细管色谱法对板蓝根中芳香酸类化合物苯甲酸、水杨酸和邻氨基苯甲酸进行了分离测定。电泳介质(pH 9.8)为20 mmol.L-1硼砂、30 mmol.L-1十二烷基硫酸钠、2 mmol.L-1β-环糊精和4%(体积分数)甲醇组成的混合溶液,以对-羟基苯甲酸为内标,分离电压为16 kV,检测波长为250 nm。在优化的试验条件下,苯甲酸、水杨酸和邻氨基苯甲酸的线性范围分别为40～240 mg.L-1,64～320 mg.L-1和40～400 mg.L-1,检出限(3S/N)依次为0.64,1.08,1.36 mg.L-1。应用此方法分析了板蓝根样品,测定回收率在93.3%～104.2%之间。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水果和果酱中的6种对羟基苯甲酸酯

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱(SPE-HPLC)同时测定水果和果酱中6种对羟基苯甲酸酯(对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯)含量的方法。经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化的样品采用HPLC分离,优化的色谱条件为采用Symmetry-C18色谱柱分离,流动相为柠檬酸缓冲液-甲醇(体积比为48:52),流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长258 nm,测定温度40 ℃。6种对羟基苯甲酸酯的线性范围为0.1～20.0 mg/L(r=0.9999),回收率为82.8%～115.5%,相对标准偏差为0.2%～6.8%(n=6)。对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯的检出限(S/N=3)为0.1 mg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0.3 mg/kg;对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的检出限为0.2 mg/kg,定量限为0.6 mg/kg。该方法简便快速、结果准确、重现性好,可作为测定水果及果酱中多种对羟基苯甲酸酯的有效方法。     

改进的QuEchERS-串联质谱法测定莴苣中的124种农药残留

通过比较d-SPE(PSA+GCB)、SPE(NH2-Carb柱)和SPE(GCB/PSA柱)3种前处理方法的净化效果及方法稳定性,选取了GCB/PSA柱固相萃取作为净化方法。样品经前处理后,采用大体积进样,气相色谱-串联质谱测定,内标法定量。124种农药在浓度为0.010～0.200 mg/kg范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9800,以10倍信噪比计算,定量限在0.1～19.0μg/kg之间。当农药在样品中添加水平为0.040 mg/kg时,124种农药平均回收率(n=5)为80.0～130.7%,RSD为1.1～2.0%。     

同位素稀释-液相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)法测定大米中的甲基汞

目前国标方法GB 5009.17—2021测量样品中甲基汞(含量≤0.1 mg/kg)的精密度为20%、定量限为0.02 mg/kg,对于定量限以下的样品检测存在困难;为了能精确地测量国家食品安全检测领域关注的甲基汞污染物,通过在样品中加入同位素稀释剂后以GB 5009.17—2021国标方法进行样品前处理,以液相色谱分离出汞形态,用ICP-MS检测同位素比值,考虑质量歧视效应后以同位素稀释质谱法定量,建立了同位素稀释-液相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱法测定大米样品中甲基汞含量的方法。当样品中甲基汞含量在0.01~0.03 mg/kg时,方法的精密度为0.3%~22.8%,不确定度U为0.002~0.004 mg/kg,k=2。以鱼肉中总汞与甲基汞成分分析标准物质(GBW10029)作为质控样,测定得到三种大米样品中甲基汞含量(以Hg计)分别为(8±2)、(24±3)、(19±4) ng/g,经过不确定度评估后表明方法的准确度较高;质控样(GBW10029)甲基汞的证书值(以Hg计)为 (0.84±0.03) mg/kg,而测量结果为(0.83±0.08) mg/kg,对质控样的测量结果说明该方法可靠;同位素稀释法将浓度的测量转换成同位素的丰度比的测量,可避免前处理过程带来的误差,同位素稀释与质谱结合可用于大米中甲基汞的高精度分析。     

固相萃取-柱后衍生-反相高效液相色谱法测定脱水蒜粉中的亚硫酸盐

建立了测定脱水蒜粉中亚硫酸盐含量的柱后衍生-反相高效液相色谱分析方法.样品用HCl/甘露醇缓冲溶液提取,经固相萃取(SPE)小柱净化本底并富集待测物后,与甲醛缓冲液反应生成稳定的化合物羟甲基磺酸盐,采用高效液相色谱柱及柱后衍生分离,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量.色谱柱为:Agila Venusil MP-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm),流动相为0.005 mol/L四丁基氢氧化铵离子溶液(pH 4),检测波长为450 nm,结果表明,检出限为2.0 mg/kg,在0.1～10.0 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2=0.9998,样品添加回收率为86.5%～97.6%,RSD为2.2%～4.0%(n=5).     

The application of qNMR for the determination of rosuvastatin in tablet form

In this study, quantative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) method was used to determine the content of rosuvastatin in tablet. Linearity, range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision were determined in validation study of rosuvastatin. Furthermore, validation study of rosuvastatin was performed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Uncertainties of qNMR and HPLC methods were determined using per EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4 (3th edition), quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurement. qNMR and HPLC methods were linear in the ranges of 0.10 - 5.00 mg/mL and 0.001 - 0.0995 mg/mL, respectively and these lineraties indicate very good linearity performance with regression coefficients (R2 value) above > 0.99. Moreover, LOD and LOQ values using qNMR method were observed as 0.25 mg/mL and 0.80 mg/mL, respectively. These values using HPLC method were found as 0.00051 µg/mL and 0.001695 µg/mL, respectively. The strengths and weaknesses of qNMR method and HPLC method were determined with spectral emphasis on the role of identical reference standards in qualitive and quantitative analyses. It was found that qNMR method is simple, efficient, reliable, and accurate method. Moreover, qNMR method is an easy, practical, and useful method for the validation and optimization of rosuvastatin in the tablet.     

Determination of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate in environmental samples by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

Di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) was determined in environmental samples such as water and soil. DEHP was extracted from water samples using SPE, whereas for soils pressurized liquid extraction was applied as extraction method, using hexane/acetone (1:1, v/v) as extractant solvent. The use of HPLC coupled to MS provides the basis of the selective determination of DEHP in the analyzed samples. The extraction procedures were validated and good results were found. Recoveries were ranged from 86.0 to 99.8% with RSD lower than 18% and LODs were 0.02 mg/kg and 0.03 μg/L for soils and water, respectively. Finally, the optimized methods were applied to the analysis of real samples and DEHP was not found above the LOQ (0.05 mg/kg) in soil samples whereas it was detected in water samples at concentrations ranging between 0.19 to 0.88 μg/L.     

代森锌在板蓝根和大青叶中的残留分析

采用顶空气相色谱法(火焰光度检测器)测定板蓝根、大青叶中代森锌的残留量。测定结果表明代森锌在0.1～5mg/kg范围内峰面积和进样量成良好的线性关系(R2=0.9985),回收率在80.6%～115.2%之间,变异系数在4.8%～9.0%之间,最低检出浓度为0.01mg/kg。该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高。     

Quantitative determination and validation of octreotide acetate using 1H‐NMR spectroscopy with internal standard method

Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) is a well‐established technique in quantitative analysis. We presented a validated ¹H‐qNMR method for assay of octreotide acetate, a kind of cyclic octopeptide. Deuterium oxide was used to remove the undesired exchangeable peaks, which was referred to as proton exchange, in order to make the quantitative signals isolated in the crowded spectrum of the peptide and ensure precise quantitative analysis. Gemcitabine hydrochloride was chosen as the suitable internal standard. Experimental conditions, including relaxation delay time, the numbers of scans, and pulse angle, were optimized first. Then method validation was carried out in terms of selectivity, stability, linearity, precision, and robustness. The assay result was compared with that by means of high performance liquid chromatography, which is provided by Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The statistical F test, Student's t test, and nonparametric test at 95% confidence level indicate that there was no significant difference between these two methods. qNMR is a simple and accurate quantitative tool with no need for specific corresponding reference standards. It has the potential of the quantitative analysis of other peptide drugs and standardization of the corresponding reference standards.     

Determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with flame photometric detection

A simple and rapid sample preparation method using accelerated solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup for determining organophosphorus (OP) pesticides in the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum was developed. The OP pesticides were concentrated by use of an SPE cartridge (ENVI-Carb) and quantitatively analyzed and confirmed by capillary gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. The pesticides were eluted from the cartridges with 20 mL acetonitrile-toluene (3 + 1, v/v). The average recovery from 10 g PF grandiflorum roots, fortified at 3 levels ranging from 0.04 to 1.00 mg/kg, was 91.9% with a relative standard deviation of 4.3%. The limits of detection ranged from 1.16 x 10(-3) mg/kg (dimethoate) to 4.64 x 10(-3) mg/kg (dichlorvos). The proposed method showed acceptable accuracy and precision while minimizing environmental concerns, time, and labor.     

气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定白芍中99种农药残留

采用固相萃取技术(SPE)结合气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(GC-MS/MS)建立了白芍中99种农药同时检测的分析方法。试样用乙酸乙酯提取,采用氨基固相萃取柱净化后,在GC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行检测,基质匹配标准曲线内标法定量。结果表明,99种农药在0.001~0.25 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)大于0.99,方法定量限为0.001~0.050 mg/kg。加标水平为0.05、0.10和0.20 mg/kg时,99种农药的平均回收率为66.7%~128.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)小于18.3%。对市售的13批样品进行测定,其中4批样品中检出微量的毒死蜱和p,p'-滴滴伊。实验证明,建立的SPE净化和GC-QqQ-MS相结合的检测方法具有准确可靠、灵敏度高等优点,适用于白芍中多农药残留的同时筛查测定。     

Determination of acetanilide herbicides in cereal crops using accelerated solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-electron capture detector

A method was developed to determine eight acetanilide herbicides from cereal crops based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) analysis. During the ASE process, the effect of four parameters (temperature, static time, static cycles and solvent) on the extraction efficiency was considered and compared with shake-flask extraction method. After extraction with ASE, four SPE tubes (graphitic carbon black/primary secondary amine (GCB/PSA), GCB, Florisil and alumina-N) were assayed for comparison to obtain the best clean-up efficiency. The results show that GCB/PSA cartridge gave the best recoveries and cleanest chromatograms. The analytical process was validated by the analysis of spiked blank samples. Performance characteristics such as linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision and recovery were studied. At 0.05 mg/kg spiked level, recoveries and precision values for rice, wheat and maize were 82.3-115.8 and 1.1-13.6%, respectively. For all the herbicides, LOD and LOQ ranged from 0.8 to 1.7 μg/kg and from 2.4 to 5.3 μg/kg, respectively. The proposed analytical methodology was applied for the analysis of the targets in samples; only three herbicides, propyzamid, metolachlor and diflufenican, were detected in two samples.     

Supercritical fluid extraction of flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix

An optimal condition of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis was developed. In this study, various temperatures, pressures and modifiers were studied. The conventional extraction methods were conducted in parallel for comparison. The crude extracts were qualitatively compared by TLC and GC–MS, and the contents of flavonoids were determined by HPLC. The amounts of baicalin, baicalein and wogonin in the Scutellariae Radix obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and a conventional sonic shaking method were 137.6 mg/g, 8.6 mg/g and 2.2 mg/g, 113.5 mg/g, 5.7 mg/g and 2.3 mg/g, respectively. Application of SFE for extraction of the flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix was preferable. The optimal conditions of SFE was as follows: supercritical carbon dioxide–MeOH–water (20:2.1:0.9), 50°C and 200 bar.