中温复合固体电解质SDC-LSGM的制备和性能

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法分别制备了Ce0.85Sm0.15O2-δ(SDC)与La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ(LSGM)两种电解质材料, 并用固相混合法将两种材料按不同质量比(SDC与LSGM的质量比分别为9∶1, 8∶2, 5∶5)混合制备复合电解质材料. 采用交流阻抗技术对样品的电学性能进行研究. 实验结果表明, SDC与LSGM的质量比为9∶1(SL91)时, 样品具有较高的电导率, 在350—800 ℃温度范围内其电导率均比SDC的高. 以复合电解质为支撑体, 以Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3 为阴极、NiO/SDC 为阳极制成单电池, 测试结果显示, 在800 ℃时以SL91为电解质的单电池的最大输出功率密度为0.25 W/cm2, 最大电流密度为1.06 A/cm2. 在电池的工作温度区间(600—800 ℃)内以复合材料为电解质的单电池的开路电压比以SDC为电解质的高.     

利用钐掺杂氧化铈提高燃料电池阳极活性

用浸渍法制备并采用交流阻抗、极化等技术考察了不同组成的Ni-Sm3＋掺杂的CeO2(SDC) 复合镍阳极的电化学性能及相应电池的功率输出性能.结果表明，SDC掺入镍阳极后,阳极极化过电位及电池的欧姆电阻显著减小.其中阳极过电位的减小与SDC掺入镍电极引起的三相界扩展有关，但SDC的掺入同时引起了电极反应活化能的增加,造成低温下Ni-SDC的极化过电位大于纯Ni电极.高温下,Ni-SDC阳极的阻抗谱由两个半圆组成，其中高频半圆随着SDC掺入量的增加而减小,而低频环与SDC的掺入量基本无关.低温下只观察到一个高频环.高频环可能对应三相界反应,而低频环可能对应氢的解离吸附及扩散.75％（w）Ni-25％（w）SDC/La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3(LSGM)/Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3(SSC)在所研究的电池中具有最大功率输出密度，其值在1073、973、873 K下分别达到1.1、0.43、0.14 W•cm－2.     

Ni-Fe/SDC电池阳极材料的制备和性能表征

采用硝酸盐-柠檬酸法合成了具有高比表面积的一系列Ni-Fe氧化物和电解质Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9(SDC), 利用上述材料制备出固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)复合阳极材料Ni-Fe/SDC, 并对其微结构和相关性能进行测试. 结果表明: 该复合阳极材料与电解质SDC具有较高的热匹配性, 以其作为SOFC的阳极, 氢气为燃料, 其单电池表现出优异的性能, 700 ℃电池输出功率密度最高可达90.6 mW•cm−2.     

LaGaO3基固体氧化物燃料电池阳极材料Ce1-xTmxO2-δ（Tm=Cu,Mn,Fe）研究

以研究与Sr,Mg掺杂LaGaO3(LSGM)电解质匹配的阳极材料为出发点,系统研究了Ce1-xTmxO2-δ(Tm=Cu,Mn,Fe)固溶体的晶体结构、热化学稳定性、电化学性能和单电池发电实验。柠檬酸法合成的Ce1-xTmxO2-δ化合物在x<0.2时均为单相材料,与LSGM电解质有良好的热化学相容性。采用交流阻抗法研究了阳极材料的电化学性能,金属元素掺杂可以显著地改善CeO2电化学性能,Fe元素掺杂阳极材料极化电阻最小,随着元素掺杂量的增加以及氢气增湿,极化电阻减小。采用电解质支撑结构单电池进行发电实验,在800℃时,以Ce0.8Fe0.2O2-δ作为阳极的单电池最高功率密度可达98 mW.cm-2,表明该材料作为IT-SOFC的阳极材料具有一定的可行性,有望成为适合LSGM电解质的阳极材料。     

Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)1-2xTixNbxO2的合成及电化学性能

采用共沉淀-高温固相烧结法在900oC空气中煅烧,合成了层状复合掺杂型正极材料Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)1-2xTixNbxO2(x=0,0.002,0.005,0.01,0.02).通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和电化学测试等观察与研究掺杂元素对Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2的形貌结构和电化学性能的影响.结果表明,适量Ti、Nb掺入Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2,降低了材料的阳离子混排程度,且晶胞参数随着掺杂量的增加而增加.与未掺杂材料相比,Ti-Nb复合掺杂的样品具有更好的电性能和高温性能.当x=0.005时,材料的综合性能最好,方型铝壳电池3.0~4.2 V电位区间首次1C放电比容165.9 mAh.g-1,常温循环100周期容量保持率96.5%,55oC循环300周期容量保持率为92.6%,80oC/6 h高温存储后冷却2 h电池厚度膨胀率9.8%.     

碱土金属双掺杂的Ce_(0.9)Ca_(0.1-x)Sr_xO_(1.9)中温固体电解质的性能与应用

以固相反应方法合成了碱土 (Ca ,Sr)双掺杂的氧化铈基固溶体材料Ce0 .9Ca0 .1 -xSrxO1 .9(x =0 ,0 0 4,0 0 5 ,0 0 6 ,0 1)。结构研究表明 :碱土双掺杂的CeO2 呈立方萤石结构。利用阻抗谱研究了材料的离子导电性 ,发现碱土双掺杂有利于提高材料离子导电率 ,掺杂两种碱土金属离子的等效半径接近临界离子半径时导电率最高。将此系列材料作为电解质进行了燃料电池试验 ,发现电池的输出功率高于YSZ电解质及碱土单掺杂氧化铈 ,且电池输出开路电压亦高于单掺杂的情况。     

PrGa1-xMgxO3作为燃料电池固体电解质的研究

用固相反应法合成了具有正交钙钛矿结构的PrGa1-xMgxO3（x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25)通过掺杂,样品的电导率显著提高,活化能降低,所有样品均以离子导电为主,其中PrGa0.9Mg0.1O3的氧离子电导率最高,在800℃达到0．05S／cm,PrGa0.8Mg0.2O3的导电活化能量低,为24．19kJ/mol。随着温度的升高,样品的离子迁移数增加,PrGa0.9Mg0.1O3作为电解质的燃料电池在940℃短路电流密度为0．45A／cm^2,最大功率密度达0131W／cm^2,镁掺杂的PrGaO3是一种性能优良的固体电解质。     

利用钐掺杂的氧化铈夹层提高燃料电池阳极的活性

考察了Ni-钐掺杂的氧化铈(Ni-SDC)复合阳极与La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3(LSGM)电解质中间加入的SDC 中间层对阳极及整个电池性能的影响.结果表明，SDC中间层的加入显著减小了阳极极化过电位，但同时引入了欧姆降，降低了电池的功率输出密度.氢在Ni-SDC电极的氧化主要由两个过程控制，分别对应于交流阻抗谱的两个阻抗半圆，高频环随着SDC中间层的加入显著减小，可能对应于H2在Ni-SDC/SDC/H2三相界的电化学氧化或氧从LSGM向SDC的传输，低频环与SDC中间层无关，可能对应于氢在电极表面的解离吸附及吸附物种的扩散过程.使用Ni-SDC/SDC夹层阳极可以明显地提高电池的稳定性.     

硬模板法制备固体氧化物燃料电池Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x包覆管状SDC立体阳极

为在固体氧化物燃料电池中有效利用干甲烷为燃料,需制作多孔立体阳极。采用硬模板法和浸渍法制备Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x包覆管状SDC阳极材料(Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x/SDC),为作对比,用溶胶凝胶法制备粉末状Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x,机械混合SDC粉末制备Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x-SDC。将这两种阳极材料分别制作电解质支撑的单电池Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x/SDC|YSZ|LSMYSZ与Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x-SDC|YSZ|LSM-YSZ,并进行发电性能测试以及长期稳定性实验。结果表明,800℃下,干甲烷环境中,Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x-SDC为阳极的单电池最大功率密度为324.99 m W/cm2,运行10 h后,电压下降5.60%;而以Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x/SDC为阳极的单电池最大功率密度达到384.54 m W/cm2,运行100 h后,电压未严重衰减。实验后阳极的SEM照片表明,Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x-SDC阳极内孔隙狭小,易被积炭堵塞;而Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Ba_(0.05)O_x/SDC阳极呈立体多孔结构,有利于燃料气体与反应后气体的扩散。催化剂颗粒均匀地包覆在SDC纤维管表面,有利于增加三相界面,提高电池的稳定性。     

二甲醚的电催化氧化反应

 考察了负载于镓酸镧基电解质上的镍电极与镍－钐掺杂氧化铈复合电极电催化二甲醚氧化反应的特性．结果表明，反应的主要产物均为CO，H2和CH4，同时生成少量完全氧化的产物H2O和CO2．在开路电位下二甲醚发生裂解反应，生成的CO，H2和CH4三种主要产物的比例接近于1．在有电泵氧存在下，二甲醚的电催化氧化反应强烈地依赖于阳极及电解质材料的组成．Ni／La0．9Sr0．1Ga0．8Mg0．2O3界面上发生的主反应是二甲醚的部分氧化，且存在有严重的积碳现象．电极中掺入SDC（15％Sm3＋－掺杂的CeO2）后，二甲醚完全氧化性能明显增强；随着电流的增大，氢的生成速率显著减小，并生成大量的H2O．采用掺钴镓酸镧基电解质后，Ni－SDC主要表现为催化二甲醚部分氧化反应，且显著抑制了积碳的发生．Ni－SDC／La0．8Sr0．2Ga0．8－Mg0．11Co0．09O3上二甲醚电催化氧化反应的主要产物为1∶1的CO和H2．掺钴电解质引起Ni－SDC具有特殊的催化性能，可能与电解质中p型电导的存在有关．     

Thermodynamics of Ion-Association of NaClO4 in Aqueous-Methanol and Aqueous-Glycerol Using Conductance Measurements

The conductance of NaClO₄ at (25–45)°C in methanol-H₂O, and glycerol-H₂O mixtures in a concentration range up to 10^?2 M has been measured. The association constant, K_A, values have been determined, where the conductometric data were analysed by a M S X computer using the Fuoss-Aprano method. The K_A values for NaClO₄ in methanol-H₂O are higher than in glycerel-H₂O mixtures, Also K_A values increase as the proportional of methanol or glycerol increases in mixture. The thermodynamic parameters ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS° were also calculated. It is obvious that the entire process of the ionic association in those systems are endothermic ones. The Walden products, Λ_oη were calculated for all systems investigated.     

Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)-and (S)-Moprolol

A simple and effective procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of (R)-and (S)-moprolol was described.The key step was the asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure (R)-and (S)-guaifenesin,which were synthesized from enantioenriched (R)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol and (S)-epichlorohydrin via kinetics of hydrolysis resolution of racemic epichlorohydrin by chiral Salen-CoIIII complex.The e.e.values of both the optical compounds were above 98%,and the chemical structures of the target compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR,13C NMR,IR,and MS.     

SYNTHESES AND MASS SPECTRAL REARRANGEMENTS OF UNSATURATED BIS-SULPHIDES AND BIS-SULPHONES

Abstract

The synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-1.2-bis(p-fluorophenylsulphenyl)stilbenes (2a and 2b) and 1,2-bis(p-fluorophenylsulphonyl)stilbenes (3a and 3b) was carried out and their configurations were consistent with their stereospecific synthesis. The isomeric 1,1-bis(p-fluorophenylsulphenyl)- and 1,1-bis(p-fluorophenylsulphonyl)-2,2-bis(phenyl)ethylenes (8 and 9) were also synthesised and configurations were established by degradative oxidation. Mass spectral rearrangements of all these compounds were examined. Mass spectra of 1,1-bis-sulphide and 1,1-bis-sulphone bears close relationship with those of (E)- and (Z)-isomeric counterparts. Smiles-type rearrangement observed in 1,2-bis-sulphides was absent in 1,2-bis-sulphones. McLafferty-type rearrangement involving hydrogen migration, from aryl group was noticed in both bis-sulphides and bis-sulphones. Vinyl migration to the sulphone oxygen predominates over aryl migration in three isomeric bis-sulphones.     

U(IV)/LN(III) unexpected mixed site in polymetallic oxalato complexes. Part II. Substitution of U(IV) for Ln(III) in the new oxalates (N2H5)Ln(C2O4)2·nH2O (Ln=Nd, Gd)

Two new hydrazinium lanthanide(III) oxalates, (N₂H₅)[Nd(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)]·4H₂O (1) and (N₂H₅)[Gd(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)]·4.5H₂O (2) have been prepared and their crystal structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures were solved by the direct methods and Fourier difference techniques, and refined by a least-squares method on the basis of F² for all unique reflections. Crystallographic data: 1, triclinic, space group , , b=9.762(4), , α=62.378(5), β=76.681(5), γ=73.858(5), Z=2, R₁=0.0335 for 172 parameters with 3430 reflections with I?2σ(I); 2, triclinic, space group , , b=9.51(3), , α=62.11(4), β=76.15(5), γ=73.73(5), Z=2, R₁=0.0325 for 172 parameters with 1742 reflections with I?2σ(I). The two isotypic structures are built from a three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of lanthanide and oxalate ions. The lanthanide atom is coordinated by eight oxygen atoms from four tetradentate oxalate ions and one aqua oxygen. Alternating lanthanide and oxalate ions form six-membered rings that delimit tunnels running down three directions and occupied by hydrazinium and water molecules. Starting from these lanthanide(III) compounds two isotypic mixed Ln(III)/U(IV) oxalates, (N₂H₅)_0.75[Nd_0.75U_0.25(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)]·4.5H₂O (3) and (N₂H₅)_0.75[Gd_0.75U_0.25(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)]·4H₂O (4), are obtained by partial substitution of Ln(III) by U(IV) in the nine-coordinated site, the charge excess being compensated by removal of monovalent ions from the tunnels. Finally, using Na⁺ gel, two mixed Ln(III)/U(IV) sodium oxalates, Na_0.5[Nd_0.5U_0.5(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)]·3H₂O (5) and Na_0.65[Gd_0.65U_0.35(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)]·4.5H₂O (6) have been obtained without any change in the 3D framework.     

Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Bases 2-(2-(2-(Aryl)Methyleneamino)Phenylthio) Ethylthio)-N-((aryl)Methylene)Benzeneamine

A series of Schiff bases containing four to six coordination sites N₂S₂ X₂(X = O,N) 2-(2-(2-(aryl)methyleneamino)phenylthio)ethylthio)-N-((aryl)methylene)benzeneamine (2c–f) were prepared from the reaction of 1,2-di(2-aminophenylthio)ethane (1) with aromatic aldehydes. All compounds were characterized by means IR, mass, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, and in the case of 2b with a single crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray crystal structure of 2b showed that the resonance occurs between aromatic rings, through the C=N bonds of the molecule.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file.     

U(IV)/Ln(III) unexpected mixed site in polymetallic oxalato complexes. Part I. Substitution of Ln(III) for U(IV) from the new oxalate (NH4)2U2(C2O4)5·0.7H2O

A new ammonium uranium (IV) oxalate (NH₄)₂U₂(C₂O₄)₅·0.7H₂O (1) and three mixed uranium (IV)-lanthanide (III) oxalates, (N₂H₅)_2.6U_1.4M_0.6(C₂O₄)₅·xH₂O (M=Nd (2) and M=Sm (3)), Na_2.56U_1.44Nd_0.56(C₂O₄)₅·7.6H₂O (4) and Na₃UCe(C₂O₄)₅·10.4H₂O (5), have been prepared. The crystal structures of compounds 1, 4 and 5 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures were solved by the direct methods and Fourier difference techniques, and refined by a least square method on the basis of F² for all unique reflections. Compounds 2 and 3 are isotypic with 1. Crystallographic data: 1, hexagonal, space group P6₃/mmc, a=19.177(3), c=12.728(4) Å, Z=6, R₁=0.0575 for 52 parameters with 1360 reflections with I?2σ(I); 2, hexagonal, space group P6₃/mmc, a=19.243(4), c=12.760(5) Å, Z=6; 3, hexagonal, space group P6₃/mmc, a=19.211(3), c=12.274(4) Å, Z=6; 4, orthorhombic, space group Pbcn, a=18.79(3), b=11.46(1), c=12.77(2) Å, Z=4, R₁=0.0511 for 183 parameters with 3026 reflections with I?2σ(I); 5, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a=18.878(6), b=11.684(4), c=12.932(4) Å, β=95.97(1)°, Z=4, R₁=0.0416 for 213 parameters with 4060 reflections with I?2σ(I). The honeycomb-like structure of the five compounds is built from the same three-dimensional arrangement of metallic and oxalate ions. Similar hexagonal rings of alternating metallic and oxalate ions form layers parallel to the (001) plane that are pillared by another oxalate ion. Indeed, some torsions or rotations of the bridging oxalate ligands led to modifications of the network symmetry. The monovalent cations and the water molecules occupy the hexagonal tunnels running down the [001] direction. Starting from the uranium (IV) compound A₂U₂(C₂O₄)₅·0.7H₂O with A=NH₄⁺ (1), the mixed U(IV)/Ln(III) oxalates are obtained by partial substitution of U(IV) by Ln(III) in a ten-coordinated site, the charge deficit being compensated by intercalation of supplementary monovalent ions within the tunnels. The distortion of the arrangement in the [001] direction for the Na-containing compounds allows the accommodation of a greater number of water molecules that insure an octahedral coordination of the Na atoms.     

Highly Selective and Sensitive Triiodide PVC‐Based Membrane Electrode Based on a New Charge Transfer Complex of 2‐(((2‐(((E)‐1‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl) Methylidine) Amino) Phenyl) Imino) Methyl) Phenol for Nano‐Level Monitoring of Triiodide

Abstract

A highly selective and sensitive triiodide sensor based on a 2‐(((2‐(((E)‐1‐(2‐hydroxy phenyl) methylidine) amino) phenyl) imino) methyl) phenol with iodine (CTC) as membrane carrier was developed. The electrode revealed a Nernstian behavior over a very wide triiodide‐ion concentration range (5.0×10^?8–1.0×10^?2 M), and relatively low detection limit (3.0×10^?8 M). The potentiometric response is independent of the pH of solution in the pH range of 3.0–10.0. The electrodes manifest advantages of low resistance, very fast response (<12 s), and most importantly, good selectivities relative to a wide variety of inorganic and organic anions, including iodide, bromide, chloride, fluoride, sulfite, sulfate, cyanide, thiocyanate, and acetate. In fact, the selectivity behavior of the proposed triiodide ion‐selective electrode shows great improvements compared to the previously reported electrodes for the triiodide ion. The proposed membrane sensor can be used for at least 6 months without any significant divergences in the potential. The electrode was successfully applied as an indicator electrode in the titration of triiodide with thiosulfate ion.     

手性二噁唑啉吡啶铁和镍配合物的制备与表征

Tridentate bis(oxazolinylpyridine)(1) reacted with nickel chloride or ferrous chloride in anhydrous ethanol to form bis(oxazolinylpyridine) Nickel(Ⅱ) and Iron(Ⅱ) complexes. The stable solid complexes were characterized with IR， UV， MS， XPS and elemental analysis. No stable complexes were formed with bidentate bis(oxazoline)(2) ins- tead of bis(oxazolinylpyridine).     

(S)-和(R)-普萘洛尔的不对称合成

普萘洛尔是一种临床上广泛使用的β受体阻断剂, 介绍了一种不对称合成(S)-和(R)-普萘洛尔的方法. 以手性Salen-Co^III催化剂水解动力学拆分外消旋环氧氯丙烷得到高光学纯度的(S)-环氧氯丙烷和(R)-3-氯-1,2-丙二醇, 以(S)-环氧氯丙烷为手性原料先水解得(S)-3-氯-1,2-丙二醇, 其与1-萘酚反应得(S)-3-(1-萘基)-丙烷-1,2-二醇, 再与氯化亚砜反应得环状亚硫酸酯, 最后和异丙胺作用得(S)-普萘洛尔, 总收率80.9%, 光学纯度大于99%; 而同样以(S)-环氧氯丙烷为手性原料直接与1-萘酚反应得(2R)-3-(1-萘氧基)-1,2-环氧丙烷, 再与异丙胺作用得(R)-普萘洛尔, 总收率74.5%, 光学纯度大于99%.     

新型温度敏感性自组装胶束P(NiPAAm-co-DMAA)-co-P(L-Ala)的合成和性能

通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)合成了一种带有活性—NH2基团的温度敏感性亲水型共聚物P(NiPAAm-co-DMAA), 并将其作为引发剂, 合成了P(NiPAAm-co-DMAA)-co-P(L-Ala), 其分子量分布(PDI)在1.3左右. 聚合物通过自组装形成纳米胶束. 透射电镜(TEM)结果表明, 胶束大小200~300 nm, 具有明显的核壳结构. 共聚物的最低临界溶解温度(LCST)为45.5 ℃. 温度低于LCST时, 聚合物溶解形成胶束; 高于LCST时, 胶束解离, 聚合物不溶. 聚合物对温度的响应是快速而可逆的.