钙钛矿型氧化物A(Mg、Ca、Sr)TiO_3的结构及其光催化性能研究

钙钛矿型ABO_3复合氧化物具有良好的热稳定性、催化性能、磁性、导电性以及传感等性质~([1-5]).目前钙钛矿结构复合氧化物以其优异的性能已成为光催化领域的研究热点之一~([6-9]).在钙钛矿型ABO_3复合氧化物中,A位金属可以起到稳定结构的作用,而B位金属为活性位.但是,当B位金属相同A位金属不同的一类钙钛矿型氧化物作为催化剂时,影响其光催化活性的主要因素很少见文献报道.     

复合氧化物光催化研究进展

综述了ABO3钙钛矿复合氧化物及以TiO2为基础的复合氧化物的光催化研究进展，探讨了光催化降解机理、光催化剂的应用，影响光催化效率的因素及提高光催化性能的途径等方面的内容，并展望了今后的工作重点及发展方向。     

钙钛矿材料光催化还原CO2综述

利用半导体材料光催化还原CO2合成可燃物是目前解决能源危机和缓解温室效应的理想途径.本文对几种钙钛矿型材料,包括纯无机卤化物钙钛矿材料、金属有机钙钛矿材料、氧化物型钙钛矿材料和复合型钙钛矿材料在光催化还原CO2领域的应用进行了简单的归纳与总结.     

ABO3钙钛矿型复合氧化物光催化活性与B离子d电子结构的关系

在ABO₃钙钛矿型复合氧化物中,B离子的d电子结构对B_3d-O_2p之间的电荷转移能ΔCT及B-O之间的结合能起着关键作用,是影响ABO₃复合氧化物光催化活性的一个重要因素.本文以研磨法和柠檬酸法合成了系列LaBO₃(B=Ti-Co),并结合光催化降解实验和光声光谱图分析得出:LaBO₃光催化活性随B离子3d电子数的递增而逐渐增加.     

烧绿石型复合氧化物的结构、制备及其光催化性能

本文系统介绍了烧绿石型复合氧化物的结构特点;综述了近年来国内外烧绿石型复合氧化物的制备方法及其影响因素;总结了这类材料在光催化降解有机物和光催化分解水方面的研究进展,探讨了光催化反应机理及影响光催化活性的因素;分析了烧绿石型复合氧化物的应用前景,并展望了今后研究的发展方向。     

LaBO3(B=Fe,Co)中氧的迁移与光催化反应活性

以柠檬酸法合成的钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaBO3(B=Fe,Co)为催化剂,对水溶性染料进行光催化降解,实验结果表明,其光催化活性与钙钛矿型结构中氧空位沿BO6八面体棱边以曲线而非直线的迁移机制有关.在光催化氧化过程中,光生电子首先被表面氧空位束缚,再与表面的吸附氧反应生成超氧基(O2-·)而加速对染料分子的降解.钙钛矿型复合氧化物中的氧空位是由氧的迁移产生的,它可以作为电子的陷阱而捕俘电子,并作为氧的吸附中心而提高催化剂表面的吸附氧量.     

钙钛矿型LaFeO3纳米材料光催化氧化NO2-的研究

采用有机前驱体法合成了钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaFeO3纳米物质,并用XRD,IR和TEM等对其进行了表征;结果表明,所制LaFeO3是立方体型,平均粒径在40~50 nm。以NO2-为目标降解物,考察其光催化活性,表明钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaFeO3纳米材料对NO2-的降解具有很好的催化效果。     

钙钛矿型氧化物的制备及其在固体氧化物燃料电池和金属-空气电池中的应用

本文对钙钛矿型氧化物的制备方法及其用于固体氧化物燃料电池(SOCFs)和金属-空气电池中的最新进展进行了较为全面的综述。制备钙钛矿型氧化物的方法有很多,包括盐分解法、固相法、共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、反微乳法和模板法等。不同的制备方法可以得到各种形貌的钙钛矿型氧化物,如纳米立方体、纳米管、纳米棒、纳米片、纳米纤维和介孔结构。本文总结了这些制备方法的优点、缺点以及其适用的范围。作为一种重要的功能材料,钙钛矿型氧化物广泛应用于电极材料中。在SOCF中,重点介绍了阴极、阳极和电解质的研究现状,从电极材料的设计出发,比较了它们用于不同电极材料时的稳定性、电导率以及电催化活性,指出不足之处;在空气电极中,主要讨论了影响钙钛矿型氧化物氧的析出/还原催化活性和稳定性的因素。最后对钙钛矿型氧化物今后研究的方向和应用前景进行了预测。     

钙钛矿型氧化物电极极化过程中的导电特性

研究了La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3等钙钛矿型氧化物电极的极化性质及它们对氧电化学还原的催化活性。发现在阴极极化过程中氧化物电极发生还原时,其电催化活性降低,电极阻抗明显增加,而在阳极极化过程中电极阻抗减小。讨论了影响钙钛矿型氧化物导电的因素及电极阻抗变化对电极性能的影响。     

LaFeO3的光催化性

LaFeO3属钙钛矿(ABO3)型复合氧化物.其结构、磁性和导电性都已有许多报道[1～3],但对其光催化性报道很少.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.