CoPc（β-OC6Cl5）4/SnO2复合材料的制备及光催化性能研究

用原位合成的方法制备不同物质的量配比的CoPc(β-OC6Cl5)4/SnO2复合材料,利用UV,IR和XRD对产物进行表征,并在可见光条件下测定其对罗丹明B光催化降解反应产率.结果表明:复合材料在紫外光谱中出现红移现象,红外光谱中出现了M—O的振动吸收峰,XRD谱图中显现出SnO2晶粒变小,说明CoPc(β-OC6Cl5)4与SnO2之间形成部分化学键,负载量物质的量分数为4%的CoPc(β-OC6Cl54)/SnO2复合材料对罗丹明B的光催化降解产率最高.     

TiO2/SnO2复合光催化剂的耦合效应

采用改进的sol gel技术制备TiO2/SnO2耦合型半导体光催化剂,利用XRD、气相色谱 仪、粒度仪和表面光电压装置等研究了耦合型半导体光催化机理和光催化效率的影响因素, 并通过降解甲醛探讨其在空气污染治理中的作用.实验结果表明,添加20 ％(mol) SnO2的复 合半导体光催化剂,其光催化效率比纯TiO2高一倍以上.据实验结果和粒子紧密堆积原理,提 出强耦合效应和弱耦合效应的光催化反应模型,并用此模型较好地解释了TiO2/SnO2复合型半 导体光催化剂的光催化效率随SnO2含量变化规律.     

TiO2／SnO2复合光催化剂的耦合效应

采用改进的 sol-gel技术制备ＴiO2/SnO2耦合型半导体光催化剂,利用ＸＲＤ、气相色谱仪、粒度仪和表面光电压装置等研究了耦合型半导体光催化机理和光催化效率的影响因素,并通过降解甲醛探讨其在空气污染治理中的作用。实验结果表明,添加20％（mol)SnO2的复合半导体光催化剂,其光催化效率比纯TiO2高一倍以上。据实验结果和粒子紧密堆积原理,提出强耦合效应和弱耦合效应的光催化反应模型,并用此模型较好地解释了TiO2/SnO2复合型半导体光催化剂的光催化效率随SnO2 含量变化规律。     

探究超薄Bi2MoO6纳米片高效光催化CO2还原活性

铋系层状半导体材料凭借其独特的表面特性在光催化领域得到广泛的研究及应用,然而在光催化反应过程中光生电荷迁移及其表界面动态变化却鲜见报道。本文中,我们利用准原位X射线光电子能谱仪（QIS-XPS）系统研究超薄Bi2MoO6纳米片光催化CO2还原过程中光生电荷迁移及其表界面演变过程。研究结果表明：在暗态条件下CO2分子吸附于（010）暴露面Bi活性位,由于CO2分子强的拉电子能力,导致内层出现高价态Mo(6 x) 。当光照射至样品表面上时,*CO2峰显著降低,*CO峰明显升高,表明CO2分子在Bi活性位发生活化断键,并与光生电子反应形成*CO,使得高价态Mo(6 x) 含量增大。活性测试表明超薄Bi2MoO6纳米片的CO产量活性为41.8 ?mol g-1 h-1,其比块体Bi2MoO6活性高4.2倍,并且展现出优异的光催化稳定性。该工作为二维层状材料高效光催化CO2还原机理研究提供了一种全新的研究思路。     

硫化镉光催化氧化二苯甲醇的反应及二次电子转移在反应中的作用

本文报道紫精化合物及亚硫酸盐在硫化镉光催化氧化二苯甲醇及其它芳香醇反应中的作用。认为紫精化合物通过二次电子转移作为反应中负氧离子(O2^-)的中继体, 亚硫酸盐通过与硫化镉的价带发生电子转移作用减少光生电子-空穴对的复合, 提高半导体的光催化效率, 同时对硫化镉的腐蚀有抑制作用, 认为提高半导体光催化效率的途径在于有效地促使光生电荷分离。     

FeNi层状双氢氧化物/TiO2复合光催化剂的制备及其制氢性能

层状双氢氧化物(LDH)的光生电子-空穴对易复合,虽然纳米薄片的结构促进了载流子分离,但其光催化效率仍然较低。我们利用LDH薄片结构的优势,将FeNi LDH和TiO₂通过静电自组装复合,设计制备出新型高效的FeNi LDH/TiO₂复合光催化材料,评价了其光催化分解水产氢性能。对其结构、光催化性能和光电化学等进行了详细表征。结果表明,FeNi LDH的高比表面积、复合物的异质结结构都有利于光生电荷的转移。光催化产氢结果表明,FeNi LDH/TiO₂复合材料的产氢速率(22.6mmol·g^-1·h^-1)分别比纯TiO₂(0.1 mmol·g^-1·h^-1)和FeNi LDH(0.05 mmol·g^-1·h^-1)提高了226和452倍,表明了异质结在提高LDH光催化效率方面的重要作用。     

TiO_2-CuPcTs敏化薄膜光电流及可见光光催化性能

以四磺酸酞菁铜(CuPcTs)为敏化剂,玻璃和图案化的氧化铟锡(ITO)分别作为基底,制备了敏化薄膜TiO2-CuPcTs和ITO/TiO2-CuPcTs/ITO敏化器件.以罗丹明B(RhB)的可见光光催化降解为模型反应评价敏化薄膜的光催化性能.敏化薄膜采用UV-vis和Raman技术进行表征,同时利用敏化器件的结构特性,测定其在氮气和纯水体系下的光电流.研究结果表明,TiO2-CuPcTs可以有效地将光谱响应拓宽到可见光区,一级反应速率常数为空白TiO2薄膜的3.7倍.TiO2-CuPcTs薄膜光催化降解RhB的重复性能稳定.与ITO/TiO2/ITO器件相比,敏化器件ITO/TiO2-CuPcTs/ITO具有较高的光电流信号,验证了激发态的CuPcTs能够将电子转移到TiO导带上的敏化机理.     

电荷分离型染料在固态染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用研究

染料敏化太阳能电池中的染料起到吸收光能和传导光生电子的作用,而染料的电荷分离状态能有效提高电子注入效率,抑制电荷复合,进而提高器件性能。本文以电荷分离(CS)型染料为敏化剂,采用spiro-OMeTAD为空穴传输材料制备了全固态染料敏化太阳能电池,分析了TiO_2光阳极膜厚的影响,当TiO_2光阳极膜厚为1. 2μm时,器件性能最优;探讨了染料结构对器件性能的影响,其中染料MTPABT-Pyc的器件性能最好,其光电流和效率分别为7. 38mA/cm~2和3. 06%。相比于电荷转移(CT)型染料MTPAcc,MTPABTPyc具有相近的捕光能力,但是其效率比MTPAcc (2. 64%)提高了16%。研究结果表明,CS型染料的电荷分离态对电荷复合的抑制和空穴的传输具有明显的优势。     

CuTSPc／SnO2纳米介孔复合材料的合成及其可见光光催化活性

采用无模板水热法,以四磺基酞菁铜(CuTSPc)敏化SnO2制备了CuTSPc/SnO2纳米介孔复合材料,通过X射线衍射、透射电镜、氮气吸附-脱附、紫外-可见光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱等对复合材料进行了表征,并以罗丹明B (RhB)为目标降解物考察了其低功率(15 W光源)可见光光催化活性及循环使用性. 结果表明, CuTSPc周环的磺基与SnO2表面的锡离子形成双齿螯合, 0.1 mol% (CuTSPc与SnO2物质的量比) CuTSPc/SnO2复合材料的比表面积和平均孔径分别为236 m2/g和2.6 nm, 反应180 min时可见光降解率高达87%, 循环使用率较高(87%±5%).     

TiO_2光电化学电池催化氧化甲基红

以钛基TiO2薄膜为光阳极,研究了光电化学电池中阳极光催化降解偶氮染料甲基红的动力学.结果表明,短接光电化学电池分隔了光催化过程的阴、阳极反应,有利于抑制光生载流子的复合,提高光催化氧化速率.相同实验条件下短路光电流越大,则甲基红降解速率越高.在基底和TiO2薄膜之间夹层SnO2得到组装电极Ti/SnO2/TiO2,进一步提高了光生载流子的分离效率;同时采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)评价了电极的光催化性能.     

Binding Characteristics of CoPc/SnO2 by In-situ Process and Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Light Irradiation

Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) was synthesized and self-assembled on the surface of nanoscale tin dioxide (SnO₂) by in-situ process, marked as i, and Co-O interaction was verified to conjugate axially between macromolecule (CoPc) and SnO₂ in CoPc/SnO₂(i). The results indicated that the binding constant of CoPc/SnO₂(i) was two-order higher than that of CoPc/SnO₂(d) synthesized by dipping process, marked as d, while the numbers of binding sites were comparable in both samples. The degradation rate in the photocatalytic activity of CoPc/SnO₂(i) was 32.5% higher than that of CoPc/SnO₂(d) under visible-light irradiation for 150 min due to the effective electron separation and energy injection from LUMO of CoPc to conduction band of SnO₂ for CoPc/SnO₂(i) based on the strong interaction between CoPc and SnO₂. The degradation recyclability of CoPc/SnO₂(i) retained 48.8% in 10 times under the same circular photocatalytic process.     

SnO2-TiO2复合颗粒的形态结构及其光催化活性

在气溶胶反应器中,利用TiCl4高温氧化反应制备超细TiO2,采用均匀沉淀法在TiO2表面沉积SnO2,制备SnO2-TiO2复合颗粒,应用TEM、EDS、XRD、BET比表面积测试等手段对粒子进行表征。以活性艳红X-3B溶液为处理对象,考察复合颗粒的光催化活性。结果表明SnO2-TiO2复合颗粒的光催化活性较纯气相合成超细TiO2有较大提高,SnO2最佳含量为15.3%,SnO2-TiO2复合颗粒光催化活性的提高归因于不同能级半导体之间光生载流子的输运和分离。     

Carbon Nanotubes with Phthalocyanine-Decorated Surface Produced by NH3-Assisted Microwave Reaction and Their Catalytic Performance in Li/SOCl2 Battery

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐templated cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) assemblies are prepared by microwave reaction with the aid of NH₄Cl. The assemblies of CoPc/MWCNTs are added to the electrolyte of Li/SOCl₂ battery to show their potential application in the field of catalysis. The assemblies display a uniform coaxial nanotube structure. In the control test, the CoPc/MWCNTs synthesized without NH₄Cl exhibit the aggregation of the nanotubes of CoPc/MWCNTs. It indicates that the use of NH₄Cl as gas source is efficient in enhancing diffusion of the MWCNTs and controlling the growth of CoPc. The catalytic reduction of SOCl₂ can be carried out by CoPc molecules outside the assemblies and the MWCNTs inside the assemblies. The assemblies of CoPc/ MWCNTs exhibit excellent electrochemical catalytic activity to Li/SOCl₂ battery. The discharge energy of Li/SOCl₂ battery catalyzed by CoPc/MWCNTs is 144% higher than that of the battery without catalyst, and is 94% higher than the energy of Li/SOCl₂ battery catalyzed by bulk CoPc.     

SnO2-TiO2复合光催化剂的制备和性能

采用均匀沉淀法在超细TiO2表面包覆SnO2,制备出SnO2-TiO2复合光催化剂,并用EDS,XRD,TEM和BET比表面积测定等手段进行了表征.以活性艳红X-3B溶液为模拟废水,考察了SnO2-TiO2的光催化活性.结果表明,复合粒子由锐钛矿型TiO2和金红石型SnO2组成;与纯TiO2相比,SnO2-TiO2的光催化活性有较大提高,SnO2最佳包覆量为18.4%.复合光催化剂活性的提高归因于不同能级半导体之间光生载流子的输运和分离.     

原位合成法制备TiO2负载酞菁钴催化剂用于CO2光催化还原反应

以钛酸正丁酯为原料采用原位化学合成的新方法,以二价钴离子为模板剂在TiO₂凝胶基质合成的同时,通过邻苯二腈的四聚反应将酞菁钴(CoPc)在TiO₂表面原位合成,得到均匀掺杂的CoPc/TiO₂光催化剂,用紫外-可见漫反射光谱、傅立叶变换-红外光谱等证实了CoPc的成功负载,并将其用于可见光下、水溶液中CO₂的还原反应,通过比较还原反应的效率,确定此光催化剂的最佳制备条件为:CoPc在TiO₂表面的摩尔负载量为3%,焙烧温度为200℃,溶胶搅拌时间为20 h,钛酸丁酯与邻苯二腈及钴离子同时加入溶胶体系中,采用此法制备的催化剂中CoPc酞菁环上的电子密度增加,有利于作为敏化剂的激发态CoPc向半导体TiO₂的导带注入电子,而且CoPc被均匀分散于TiO₂凝胶基质中,其上的“笼效应”有效避免了CoPc的迁移,使其二聚及多聚倾向大大减弱,此光催化剂用于CO₂光还原,在可见光照射下,水溶液中即可光还原CO₂为甲醇、甲醛、甲酸等产物,在光照反应10 h后总产量最高可达2903.83μmol/ g-catal。     

Scanning tunneling microscopy study of the structure and orbital-mediated tunneling spectra of cobalt(II) phthalocyanine and cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin on au(111): mixed composition films

Binary thin films of cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoPc) and cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP) were prepared at submonolayer coverage on Au(111)/mica substrates byvapor deposition. All sample preparation and analysis were done under an ultrahigh vacuum. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) constant-current images of CoPc/CoTPP mixtures showed two close-packed surface structures, with different compositional percentages and some disorder. CoPc was also observed exclusively in one-dimensional chains and as single, isolated molecules below 220 K. Occupied and unoccupied orbital energy levels were identified by STM and tunnel-diode-based orbital-mediated tunneling spectroscopy. Occupied energy levels were also confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The transient oxidation of the Co d(z2) orbital is identified in STM dI/dV(V) curves just negative of the 0 V sample bias for both molecules. Nearly identical constant-current contours are observed over the central Co2+ ions of CoTPP and CoPc, indicating that the attenuation of the d(z)2 orbital-mediated tunneling current induced by the structure of TPP relative to Pc is at most a factor of about 10. The orbital-mediated tunneling spectra of CoTPP and CoPc are distinctly different and allow these structurally similar species to be differentially identified.     

新型Ti/TiOxHy/Sb-SnO2电极上苯胺电化学氧化反应

苯胺是一种重要的化工原料,广泛应用于印染、制药、造纸、橡胶等领域.随着化工行业的迅速发展,苯胺的需求量越来越大.然而,苯胺毒性高,大量使用势必造成水体中苯胺浓度的升高,给人类健康及生态环境造成危害.因此,急需一种高效、洁净、经济的方法处理含苯胺废水.电化学氧化法比较新颖,相比传统废水处理方法,它具有高效、简单、清洁等优点,因此被应用于很多废水处理当中,但过多的能耗限制了其进一步广泛应用.阳极作为电化学氧化技术的核心部件,直接影响到电化学氧化反应性能.因此开发出一种高效、经济的阳极材料很有必要.此外,对苯胺降解条件的优化也同样重要.关于苯胺电化学氧化,已有的研究包括Pt电极、PbO2电极和石墨电极等阳极材料.比较而言, Ti/Sb-SnO2电极具有制备工艺简单,析氧过电位较高,材料廉价和电催化性能较强等优点.然而,它的稳定性仍有待提高.因此本文制备了一种高稳定性的Ti/TiOxHy/Sb-SnO2电极,并用于处理苯胺废水.较为系统地研究了电流密度、苯胺初始浓度、pH、NaCl投加量及反应器类型对苯胺电催化氧化性能的影响,同时采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和电化学测试对该电极进行了表征,并应用紫外-可见光谱、化学需氧量、电流效率及能耗对不同参数进行评定和优化. SEM及XRD结果表明, Ti/TiOxHy/Sb-SnO2电极涂层覆盖比较完全、紧实,未出现裂缝的发生,因而有利于提高电极稳定性.循环伏安测试结果表明,此电极具备较高的析氧过电位(2.0 V vs Ag/AgCl)及电化学孔隙度(76.31%),因此有利于电极催化性能的提高.苯胺电化学氧化实验结果发现,该反应符合准一级动力学模型,且高电流密度、酸性环境、适当NaCl投加量(0.2 wt%)更有利于苯胺的降解.另外, Ti/TiOxHy/Sb-SnO2电极在三维反应器中对苯胺的处理效果要远远好于在二维反应器中.可以看出, Ti/TiOxHy/Sb-SnO2电极具有较好的处理苯胺性能,可为苯胺废水处理的应用提供了一定的理论指导.     

Catalytic Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether to Hydrocarbons over SnO2/MgO and SnO2/CaO Catalysts

A novel reverse microemulsion method was used to prepare SnO2/MgO and SnO2/CaO catalysts. It was found that both the catalysts were active for the reaction of catalytic oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) in the temperature range of 275 to 300℃. SnO2/CaO catalyst exhibits much higher activity than SnO2/MgO. On SnO2/CaO catalyst, DME conversion of 21.8% was obtained at 300℃, while selectivities to methyl formate (MF) and dimethoxyethane (DMET) of 19.1% and 59.0% respectively were obtained at 275℃.     

π-Electron-Assisted Relaxation of Spin Excited States in Cobalt Phthalocyanine Molecules on Au(111) Surface

We present our investigation on the spin relaxation of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) films on Au(111) (CoPc/Au(111)) surface using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The spin relaxation time derived from the linewidth of spin-flip inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy is quantitatively analyzed according to the Korringa-like formula. We find that although this regime of the spin relaxation time calculation by just considering the exchange interaction between itinerant conduction electrons and localized d-shells (s-d exchange interaction) can successfully reproduce the experimental value of the adsorbed magnetic atom, it fails in our case of CoPc/Au(111). Instead, we can obtain the relaxation time that is in good agreement with the experimental result by considering the fact that the π electrons in CoPc molecules are spin polarized, where the spin polarized π electrons extended at the Pc macrocycle may also scatter the conduction electrons in addition to the localized d spins. Our analyses indicate that the scattering by the π electrons provides an efficient spin relaxation channel in addition to the s-d interaction and thus leads to much short relaxation time in such a kind of molecular system on a metal substrate.