中学化学实验改进与创新研究——评《中学化学实验研究与创新》

正《中学化学实验研究与创新》(蒯世定、蒯文艺著,中国海洋大学出版社2019年出版),介绍了中学阶段诸多代表性的化学实验,并将其分为初中化学实验、高中无机化学实验、高中有机化学实验、趣味化学实验等。在"初中化学实验研究与创新"中,该书列举了加热碱式碳酸铜、木炭还原氧化铜、面粉爆炸等36个实验,具体内容包括实验过程的论述、实验现象的阐释、实验方法的总结、实验装置的解说和实验小结等。在该部分内容中,作者结合自身的化学实验教学经验,总结了探究性化     

微粒运动实验创新设计与改进

对微粒运动实验的仪器、用品作了改进,重新设计实验装置,使实验装置达到了小型化、封闭化、简洁化,实验达到了绿色环保要求,满足了大面积的学生探究实验操作使用,取得了良好的效益.     

基础有机化学实验教学内容的改革探索

对基础有机化学实验的教学内容进行了全方位、系统化的改革探索。对传统有机化学实验内容,增加了新的知识和实验技术。将有机人名反应、优秀的科研成果改编成新的实验教学项目,同时增设了新的微型实验、绿色实验、原子经济反应实验、全英实验。该实验内容新体系经过多年的教学实践,教学效果有显著提高。     

培养创新型人才的精细化工实验绿色化改革

通过采取优化实验项目,精选实验内容,选用绿色原料、溶剂、催化剂,推广微型、半微型实验,增加综合性、设计性实验,引进新技术、新工艺,引入化学仿真实验,加强实验室绿色化管理,改革考试方式等一系列改革措施,在精细化工实验中实现了绿色化教学,减少了实验产生的"三废"污染,加强了学生环境保护意识,调动了学生学习的积极性和主动性,培养了学生创新性思维,提高了就业竞争力。     

氢氟酸腐蚀玻璃的替代实验

分析了原氢氟酸腐蚀玻璃实验的不足,设计并完成了该实验的替代实验,即以氟化铵、硫酸及粉末硅胶为原料,在塑料烧杯中一步完成硅胶在氢氟酸中的溶解实验,该实验具有设备简单、试剂便宜易得、实验操作简单安全、实验现象明显等优点。     

基于经典实验的教学改革模式探讨——以二元液系气液平衡相图实验的改进为例

从实验装置、实验体系、溶液配制、数据测量等方面针对经典的物理化学实验(二元液系气液平衡相图)进行了综合性探索。减少了实验试剂消耗,缩短了实验时间,改善了实验的操作性和重现性,同时消除了实验过程中的安全隐患。经过多年工科专业学生实验教学实践表明,这些改进措施提升了学生的低碳环保理念,改善了实验的过程体验,强化了经典实验的创新效果。在引导学生深刻理解气液相平衡基础理论的同时培养了学生的应用创新思维,获得了良好的实验教学效果。     

探究可燃物燃烧条件的实验改进

阐述了验证白磷燃烧条件演示实验的改进方法,从实验的设计意图、实验装置的准备、实验的具体操作与实验现象、实验过程中应注意的事项等方面作了完整的介绍。     

本科化学专业实验教学模式的改革与实践

以培养学生的创新思维和实践能力为目标,对本科化学专业实验课程体系与内容进行了全面改革。将化学学科中传统的无机化学实验、有机化学实验、分析化学实验、物理化学实验4大实验的内容设计优化成基础实验、综合设计实验、研究创新实验3个实验模块,搭建了基础型、提高型、创新型3个能力训练层次和1条毕业设计/专业实习能力训练主线,构建了具有地方本科院校特色的化学专业"331"实验课程新体系,实现了课程结构的模块化,实验内容的层次化和教学科研的一体化。实践证明,通过改革与实践激发了学生的学习兴趣和主动性,动手能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力都有一定程度的提高。     

实验论文中“实验用品”表达的几个问题

指出了目前化学实验论文及实验教科书中"实验用品"表述中存在的没有"实验用品"表述,表述时仪器、试剂、材料、试样不加区分和缺少主要仪器与试剂的问题,分析了问题原因,提出了改进建议,旨在为完善实验论文及实验教科书提供参考。     

强弱电解质导电性检测实验的改进

指出了教材中检测强弱电解质溶液导电性实验装置的不足之处,介绍了改进后实验装置的电路图、装置图,并对整个实验装置的准备、实验的操作与实验现象、实验过程中应注意的事项等方面作了一个详细的说明。     

超临界萃取装置的研制及其应用

超临界流体萃取是近的上来兴起的一种新的分离技术，报道了将超临界萃取原理与回流技术相结合研制的二氧化碳回流中低压超临界流体萃取设备，解决了关键实验手段，通过应用证明设备可靠，费用低廉，有实用价值。     

A new simple instrument for thermomagnetometry. Applications to simultaneous thermomechanical measurements

A new instrument has been set up to study magnetic materials. Curie points measured by means of this simple apparatus are in perfect agreement with those given by a conventional magnetic balance. The apparatus may be used alone, but also combined with an electronic thermodilatometer. Curie points are emphasized simultaneously by the thermodilatometric and impedance curves. It appears that the sensitivity and reliability of the apparatus demonstrate magnetic phenomena of very low intensity such as the order point of α-Fe₂O₃.     

An improved prototype apparatus and process for separating cellulosic materials from municipal solid waste

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - A new prototype steam classification process apparatus has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The optimum operating conditions for the unit have been...     

A new isopiestic apparatus for the determination of osmotic coefficients

A new isopiestic apparatus has been designed and constructed following several criteria. It consists mainly of several small sample cups for holding small quantities of reference standard solutions, and a big sample cup for a bigger quantity of a test solution. Using this apparatus, experiments on NaOH solutions have been performed. The experimental procedure, the consistency among the samples in equilibrium, the equilibration process, and the determined osmotic coefficients of NaOH solutions are discussed. The apparatus is found to ensure a consistent temperature among the samples in equilibrium, meeting the experimental requirements for samples of molalities less than 0.05 mol · kg⁻¹. Inside the apparatus, the temperature can reach the desired uniform temperature within less than 0.5 d. In the experiments, the equilibration process is essentially determined by changes in the reference standard solutions in the small cups. Thus the apparatus is not only reliable and stable, but is also suitable for experiments on solutions of viscous, complex and unstable solutes. The equilibration time of the experiments is fast, which is practical for samples of molalities less than 0.05 mol · kg⁻¹. Moreover, with the new apparatus it is easy to determine the end point of the equilibration.     

Recent development in a new method of gas analysis

The new method of gas analysis described previously has been further developed. The use of solid reagents for oxygen and carbon monoxide has made it possible to develop more convenient portable apparatus for determining oxygen and carbon monoxide.     

一种新型水硬度测定的进样装置

报道一种新型水硬度测定的进样装置，它是特殊的直接进样－混合－混合－排液系统，勿需预先显色，可直接进样测定。实验表明具有操作简便，快速的优点。     

An improved system for data acquisition and analysis for viscoelastic measurements of dilute macromolecular solutions with the modified birnboim-schrag multiple lumped resonator

A new system of data acquisition and analysis has been developed for the modified Birnboim-Schrag multiple lumped resonator apparatus which is used to measure the viscoelastic properties of long-chain macromolecules in dilute solution. The modifications to the original apparatus include improved temperature control and vibration isolation. The original theory has been reworked so that each resonance mode can be characterized by a greater number of data points. The entire data acquistion/processing system is automated and placed under computer control; a correlation for mode coupling is derived. The modifications result in improved precision in the measured viscoelastic moduli and increased instrumental reliability.     

Generation of test gases from volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (VOC/SVOC)

An apparatus for the continuous generation of test gases from organic compounds of the VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) and SVOC (Semivolatile Organic Compounds) categories has been developed. The use of a new test gas generator together with a system of heated transfer lines enabled the dynamic generation of test gases also of components with relatively low vapour pressures. With the help of an on-line coupled gas chromatograph the actual test gas concentrations were monitored. The apparatus has been evaluated for the compounds n-decane and pyrene. Received: 27 August 1998 / Revised: 3 March 1999 / Accepted: 6 March 1999     

Generation of test gases from volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (VOC/SVOC)

An apparatus for the continuous generation of test gases from organic compounds of the VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) and SVOC (Semivolatile Organic Compounds) categories has been developed. The use of a new test gas generator together with a system of heated transfer lines enabled the dynamic generation of test gases also of components with relatively low vapour pressures. With the help of an on-line coupled gas chromatograph the actual test gas concentrations were monitored. The apparatus has been evaluated for the compounds n-decane and pyrene. Received: 27 August 1998 / Revised: 3 March 1999 / Accepted: 6 March 1999     

A mini review of the crossed molecular beam apparatus in molecular reaction dynamics

This review has introduced some experimental techniques of crossed molecular beam apparatus in chemical reaction dynamics. First of all, the history of crossed molecular beam equipment is retrospected in this paper. The detectors of both the universal crossed molecular beam machine and Hydrogen-atom Rydberg-tagging apparatus have been discussed. Other types of crossed molecular beam instruments have also been reviewed. Each experimental apparatus makes a compromise among the resolution, sensibility and universality. As a matter of fact, it is these equipments that make many breakthroughs happen in chemical reaction dynamics. This review aims to provide the readers and researchers with some information about the experiments in molecular reaction dynamics. We believe that new types of experimental techniques can emerge and contribute to the development of molecular reaction dynamics and relevant research fields.