侯德榜的技术思想——纪念侯德榜诞辰100周年

侯德榜作为一位化学家、化工技术专家和化工实业家,不仅在化工技术研究和开发中做出了举世瞩目的贡献,而且在他的许多论著中和他的科学技术活动中,都充满了唯物辩证法的思想光辉。他的技术思想     

分析化学已发展到分析科学阶段

早在５０年代后期高鸿教授就开始思索一个问题———分析化学研究什么特殊矛盾？他提出了分析化学研究的特殊矛盾是对象和方法的矛盾。１９６０年他写成了“分析化学研究什么特殊矛盾”一文。由于种种原因,他的这篇文章一直没有发表。“文化革命”中,这篇文章被红卫兵抄家时抄走,从此原稿失落了。３０年来,他一直在思索这个问题。他认为分析化学家应该具有数学的、物理的和电子学的知识。根据这种认识,早在５０年代后期,他担任教研室主任的时候,就选派青年教师脱产去进修数学和电子学。他还大力在分析化学教师中进行“无线电扫盲”。他的这些措施对发展南京大学的分析化学专业起了促进作用。１９６２年他在北京民族饭店参加国家学科规划会议。在会议上谈了上述文章的内容,向化学界的前辈请教。他先后在北京、上海、西宁、长春、西安、兰州、福建、武汉、乌鲁木齐等２０个城市就这个问题作过报告,对促进我国分析化学发展起了一定作用。例如国家教委科学技术委员会化学组１９９０年５月在北京召开了“分析化学前沿与教育研讨会”,高鸿教授在会上作了“分析化学现状和未来”的主题报告。这个报告是在他主持下由以程介克教授为首的,武汉大学、北京大学、南京大学、长春应用化学研究所的５位教授     

泽林斯基学派底发展道路(一)

一、烃类的合成二、烃的相互转变三、关于石油成因的研究四、■■类的催化反应五、硫化物的催化反应六、关于蛋白质化学的研究社会主义劳动英雄,泽林斯基院士是苏联著名的化学家。他曾经领导过卓越的化学学派,在碳氢化合物化学的研究中表现了出色的成就,他也是有机化合物催化反应创始人之一,对於苏联的有机化学工业作出了杰出的贡献。他发明了防毒面具,在第一次世界大战中拯救了十万人的生命。此外,在一、烃类的合成二、烃的互相转变三、关于石油成因的研究四、杂环类的催化反应五、硫化物的催化反应六、关於蛋白质化学的研究     

山高流水继世长——怀念侯祥麟院士

侯祥麟博士是我国石油炼制技术开拓者之一,在他为石油事业奋斗的70多年生涯中,为我国石油和石化的科技发展积累了无比宝贵的知识、技术和精神财富,为后代树立了光辉榜样。作为他的学生和研究工作者,作者通过亲身的经历,从他领导攻克航空煤油技术、鼓励和支持技术创新、宏观战略研究、严谨的治学精神以及生活上对自己严格的要求等方面作了回忆,以表示对侯老的怀念。     

科技创新添华彩 居里风范传后人——记著名放射化学家杨承宗教授

杨承宗教授是我国放射化学的奠基人。他早年在法国巴黎大学居里镭学研究所师从约里奥.居里研究放射化学。1951年获得博士学位后,他婉谢高薪聘请,毅然回国,以期早日报效祖国。建国初期,在十分困难的条件下,他领导开展了放射化学基础研究和应用研究。杨承宗在我国核能事业发展中最为突出的贡献是组织并领导了用于核试验的燃料铀的制备和培育了我国新一代放射化学工作者。他是一位德高望重成绩卓著的科学家和教育家。本文是他科研和教学生涯的简要记述,将给我们以教育和启迪。     

分子间选择性作用力和控制论化学——金松寿教授研究简介

金松寿教授是著名的量子化学及化学动力学专家。年近九旬的他如今仍然锲而不舍地在学习、研究,把握化学研究的发展方向。他在催化集团结构适应性及无机化合物溶解度领域做了大量的工作,重要的成就是发现了选择性分子间力并用以阐释物性如溶解度、吸附、色谱中的反常现象,还可以解释溶媒对反应速度的影响。相似的选择力后来被外国科学家在超分子研究中得到证实和发展。他还推动了控制论化学的应用,对化学中的许多疑难繁琐的现象给出清晰满意的解释。     

分子间选择性作用力和控制论化学-金松寿教授研究简介

金松寿教授是著名的量子化学及化学动力学专家。年近九旬的他如今仍然锲而不舍地在学习、研究,把握化学研究的发展方向。他在催化集团结构适应性及无机化合物溶解度领域做了大量的工作,重要的成就是发现了选择性分子间力并用以阐释物性如溶解度、吸附、色谱中的反常现象,还可以解释溶媒对反应速度的影响。相似的选择力后来被外国科学家在超分子研究中得到证实和发展。他还推动了控制论化学的应用,对化学中的许多疑难繁琐的现象给出清晰满意的解释。     

沈括与化学

沈括是中国历史上著名的政治家、科学家,在他所著的《梦溪笔谈》中记载了诸如石油、食盐、炼铜、炼铁等化学知识,其中,还渗透着胶体化学和地球化学的思想,他所研究的部分内容对现代化学仍然产生着影响。     

锂离子电池电解质的新型锂盐――双乙二酸硼酸锂

介绍了一种新型锂盐――双乙二酸硼酸锂(LiBOB)的基本性质及制备进展,并重点综述了其在锂电中应用的有关研究,包括基于LiBOB电解液的导电性研究,对负极材料、正极材料的稳定性研究,与其他锂盐在锂离子电池中混合使用的性能研究等。     

鲍林及其共振论简评

著名的美国化学家鲍林(L.Pauling,1901—),曾任加利福尼亚理工学院化学教授及康奈尔大学客座讲学教授,是一位对现代化学多方面都有卓越贡献的科学家。早期,他创立了杂化轨道理论,对化学键理论做出了重大的贡献;他又在结晶化学中提出晶体半径的概念、鲍林规则等,这些都是奠基性的成就;特别在蛋白质的结构研究中,他的成就是非常出色的。1950年,他     

唐敖庆先生在量子化学研修班上的授课风采——深切缅怀唐敖庆先生仙逝十五周年

本文在缅怀我国著名科学家、卓越教育家和出色的科教事业领导者唐敖庆院士的丰功伟绩特别是教育和教学方面的杰出贡献基础上,重点追忆了唐先生在1978年10月到1980年1月的全国量子化学研究生、教师和科研人员研修班上讲授量子力学和量子化学课程的风采,以及创造出基础知识和个人状况浑然有别的二百多名学员都感到能听懂唐先生讲课内容并多有收获而没有半途退学者的奇迹,成为国内高校教学的一个经典。进而初步从课程内容处理、教学方法、讲课风格和讲课技巧等方面探索了唐先生授课的风范,以期供我们学习和借鉴。     

In memoriam

Prof. Ing. Zdeněk Šolc, CSc (21 September 1931–30 September 2006) Prof. Zdeněk Šolc was born in 1931. After finishing his university studies, he joined the University of Pardubice where he remained for more than 50 years. He started to work at the Department of Physical Chemistry. His main fields of interest were: preparation of monocrystals, crystallization from solutions, measuring of physical and chemical properties of solutions. In the 1960's he turned to inorganic technology, studying inoranic pigments and he moved to the Department of Inorganic Technology. In this vast area of science, he achieved his greatest successes, and pigments became his ever-lasting passion up to the end of his life. The research in the field of crystallisation was oriented to development of liquid crystals for use in temperature indication, and materials for integrated circuits; besides that a school of inorganic pigments was formed (M. Trojan, Z. Šolc, D. Brandová) whose main orientation is mixed oxide materials for use in ceramics and enamels. A predominant part of the mentioned research activities was pursued at KAnT in 1990–1996, when the Department was headed by Professor Ing. Zdeněk Šolc. Most of Prof. ŠolcŠs projects were focused on the reactivity of inorganic pigments and powder materials, research of their high-temperature syntheses and rating of their physical and chemical properties. He applied mainly simultaneous thermal analytical techniques: thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis using dynamic measuring conditions and quasi-isothermal and quasi-isobaric ones, moreover emanation thermal analysis and thermal conductivity measurements. Prof. Zdeněk Šolc was a creative scientist. He published more than 50 scientific papers in international journals and wrote 10 textbooks. He was the author of almost 100 lectures of conferences held in the Czech Republic and foreign countries. He had a silent but a very kind personality and he will be missed very much both by the local and the international communities. Requiescat in pace     

PARVUS

In this contribution, Prof. Forina describes a package for pattern recognition, which to my knowledge must be the most complete such package written directly for microcomputers. It contains almost all display methods and supervised learning methods currently used by analytical chemometrists. Professor Forina was recently appointed President of the Chemometrics Society. He succeeds the President-Founder of the Society, Prof. Kowalski from Seattle.     

Meet the Board of ChemistryOpen: Sheshanath V. Bhosale

Sheshanath V. Bhosale received his PhD from Freie University Berlin (Germany) in supramolecular chemistry under the supervision of Prof. J. H. Fuhrhop in 2004. He then pursued his postdoctoral studies with Prof. S. Matile at University of Geneva (Switzerland) under the auspices of a Roche Foundation Fellowship. This was followed by a stay at Monash University (Australia) for 5 years as an ARC-APD Fellow. He worked at RMIT University, Melbourne (Australia) for 6 years as ARC-Future Fellowship. Currently, Prof. Bhosale is working at the Department of Chemistry, Goa University (India) as a UGC-FRP Professor, His research interests lie in the design and synthesis of π-functional materials, especially small molecules, for sensing, biomaterials, and supramolecular chemistry applications. So far, Prof. Bhosale has produced 185 research articles and his work has been cited more than 4400 times, giving him an h-index of 32. He currently serves as an active Editorial Board member for ChemistryOpen.     

化学课堂新知识：新型碳材料——石墨炔

Since the first successful chemical synthesis of graphdiyne by the group of Prof. Yuliang Li, this material is attracting much attention and becoming a new research focus and field. As a new carbon allotrope, graphdiyne has a unique three-dimensional pore structure and electronic structure, thus, can be applied in energy storage devices and the fields of catalyst. This article briefly describes theoretical calculation prediction and development of the new material, in particular, its electrochemical property and catalytic property. Introducing this new carbon material into the related teaching of chemistry knowledge of university can expand the academic vision of scientific research and improve the learning interest and scientific research literacy of the undergraduates.     

Cover: Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 3/2023

Professor Sheng-Hsien Lin passed away on November 15, 2021 at home in Houston, Texas, under the warm care of his family (he was 84 years old). He was a pioneering theoretical chemist who applied quantum theory to understand many of the central problems in photochemistry, photophysics, and nonlinear spectroscopy at the molecular level. With the contributions from those who have worked and learnt from Prof. Lin, we are honored to present this special issue of The Journal of Chinese Chemical Society to commemorate Prof. Lin's scientific contributions and his efforts to develop the theoretical chemistry community in Taiwan. The 8 reviews and 45 original research articles with authors from 8 different countries spanning a breadth of research topics speak loudly about the impact Prof. Lin made during his luminous academic career. It is our hope that we all will remember Prof. Lin as an outstanding scholar with a strong mind to focus to the exclusion of all else until a scientific problem is solved and an educator with a warmful smile.

     

Quinquagenary of the Scientific Work of Prof. W. Zielenkiewicz

Prof. Wojciech Zielenkiewicz was born in Warsaw on 6 June 1933. He studied chemistry at the Warsaw University and graduated in 1955. His master thesis in the field of nuclear chemistry dealt with the enrichment of bromobenzene by the Szilard-Chalmers method. Since 1955 his professional career has mostly been related to the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS) founded in the same year. Initially, Wojciech Zielenkiewicz worked under the supervision of Prof. Wojciech Świętosławski. This cooperation had a powerful influence on Zielenkiewicz both as a researcher and as a person. His strong interest in thermochemistry at that time resulted partly from his research interest and partly from his attraction to one of the students doing her diploma who later became his wife. Zielenkiewicz’s PhD thesis carried out under Świętosławski’s supervision concerned the thermochemistry of cement hydration. For the purposes of this work, Zielenkiewicz constructed his first calorimeter – a labyrinth flow calorimeter which was a modified version of the first such calorimeter constructed by Świętosławski and Malawski in 1935. The calorimeter was applied for the determination of the heat of cement hardening. After his PhD, Zielenkiewicz worked on several other calorimeters for the study of heat of cement hydration with the quasi-adiabatic method as well as on ‘conduction’ calorimeters for the examination of the first phase of cement hydration. This activity resulted in a monograph Calorimetry and Thermochemistry of Cement written in collaboration with T. Krupa and published in 1975. In the following years, his scientific interests were focused mostly on various aspects of the transfer of heat energy in time, i.e. thermokinetics. He constructed a number of calorimeters for this type of measurements and, together with his co-workers, elaborated new numerical methods of determination of thermokinetics. Those methods were assessed at international symposia on thermokinetics organised by Zielenkiewicz in cooperation with the French Association of Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis (AFCAT). In this period, he established regular cooperation with scientists from France, Spain, and the USA. Research on thermokinetics includes not only theoretical studies but also experimental works. Most of the experiments conducted at the Department of Calorimetry headed by Prof. Zielenkiewicz were connected with inclusion compounds, particularly Werner complexes as well as porfyrine derivatives. In the last twenty years, Zielenkiewicz conducted research in the scope of biomolecules. The study resulted in the determination of thermodynamic properties of over 60 derivatives of nucleic acid bases and the establishment of new correlations between enthalpic, volume, and structural properties of the compounds examined. His most recent interests concerned the study of enthalpic processes of protein salting. Zielenkiewicz’s long and intensive work in the field of calorimetry and thermokinetics has appeared in numerous books and publications presenting his research results. He is the author of 7 monographs, a number of chapters in a monograph and about 200 scientific publications. They include, among others, Analysis of Course of Heat Effect in n-n Calorimeters, Signal Processing of Calorimetric System, Dynamic Theory (later translated into Russian and published in Russia), Advances in Calorimetry and Thermochemistry, Theory of Calorimetry written together with E. Margas and published in 2002 by Kluwer and the most recent book, Calorimetry, published in 2005. Prof. Zielenkiewicz has also been active as a supervisor. He assisted and supported the realisation of 14 completed PhD theses of the employees at the Institute of Physical Chemistry and is supervising 3 more students of the Institute. Moreover, he has been involved in the realization of several more PhD theses both in Poland and abroad. For many years Prof. Zielenkiewicz combined his activity on research with research coordination. He managed the organizational units of the Polish Academy of Sciences as the Director General of the PAS and as a Deputy Scientific Secretary. For 6 years he was a Scientific Secretary of the Division of Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Sciences of PAS. In the years 1968–2003 he headed the Laboratory and Department of Calorimetry and he was a director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry for 19 years. His directorship in the Institute happened in a very difficult period for Poland, i.e. when the Marshall Law was introduced in 1981. As numerous employees of the Institute were involved in the illegal Solidarity movement at that time, the position of a director of such an institution was extremely uncomfortable and required great abilities in dealing with the communist authorities in such a way as to protect those employees. It must be said that Prof. Zielenkiewicz faced this challenge with success. Prof. Zielenkiewicz was also an initiator of the Polish conferences on calorimetry and thermal analysis. The first one was held over 30 years ago. These conferences created an opportunity for Polish researchers to exchange their opinions and learn about the world research trends. Numerous outstanding scientists were guests at these conferences. Many of them are members of the Polish Society of Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis. Prof. Zielenkiewicz has been awarded many state and foreign medals and distinctions, among others, Wojciech Świętosł;awski’s Medal and the Calvet Award given by the French Association of Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis (AFCAT) as well as the most prominent Polish state orders including the Order of Polonia Restituta (the Knight’s Cross) and the Order of Labour Banner. He is a corresponding member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Royal Academy of Sciences in Barcelona. Dr. Paweł Gierycz     

Preface

The fifth CBRATEC (V Congresso Brasileiro de Análise Térmica e Calorimetria) conference was held in April 02–05, 2006 in Poços de Caldas, MG. One third of the 370 participants was graduates and Ph.D. students well representing the continuous interest in thermal analysis among Brazilian researchers. The structure of conference was characteristic and refreshing, since every morning one of the leading Brazil thermoanalysts held an opened teaching course especially for the representatives of the young generation. After then plenary lecturers and keynote speakers (J. Rouquerol, Cs. Novák, D. Burlett, M. Suchyta and A. Riga) occupied the podium. The afternoon sessions consisted of mainly short lectures and poster exhibitions; both provided excellent possibility for the Ph.D. students to introduce their scientific work. The scope of conference covered practically all aspects of thermal analysis. Since 1998, when the first CBRATEC conference was held, the participation of young scientists and the organization of teaching courses played essential role for them. As an effort to increase international experiences, the universities pay continuous attention to foreign language education (first of all English), so the communication between the invited international researchers, the representatives of the instrument companies and the domestic conference attendants became much more efficient in recent years. During the conference the new Executive Committee was elected. Prof. Valter José Fernandes Junior was elected as President of ABRATEC supported by the members of the Executive (Jivaldo do Rosário Matos (Vice-President), Massao Ionashiro, Lázaro Moscardini D’Assunção, Clóvis Augusto Ribeiro, Elias Yuki Ionashiro, Carlos Isidoro Braga, Manoel Luiz Cunha Rodrigues, Rodrigo Maciel). In recognition of his continuous cooperation for the development of thermoanalytical researches in Brazil and its scientific divulgation in Thermal Analysis, the ‘Special Award’ of ABRATEC (Brazilian Association for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry) was presented to Prof. Csaba Novák. For their outstanding achievements in developing the international relation of ABRATEC, Honourable Membership of the Thermoanalytical Sub-Branch of the Hungarian Chemical Society was presented to Prof. Jivaldo do Rosário Matos, Massao Ionashiro, Prof. Valter José Fernandes Junior and Prof. Éder Tadeu Gomes Cavalheiro at the opening ceremony. At last but not least, according to the decision of ICTAC Council during the 13^th ICTAC (2004, Chia Laguna, Italy) Brazil was elected as the host of ICTAC 14 in 2008. The Brazilian thermoanalytical community feels extremely honored to be entrusted with the organization of the 14^thICTAC Conference that will take place in São Pedro, SP, in September 14–19, 2008, where the scientists, researchers and students, who are acting in the field of thermal analysis and calorimetry are cordially invited. The link to the conference site is www.ictac14.com.br.     

The Dawn of X‐Ray Astronomy (Nobel Lecture)

Riccardo Giacconi joined the American Science and Engineering Corporation (AS & E) after leaving Princeton University in 1959, and in 1962 his group there detected the first extrasolar Xray source. Prof. Giacconi was subsequently responsible for the launch and use of the satellite UHURU (1970) and the EINSTEIN observatory (1978). He was appointed Associate Director of the High Energy Astrophysics Division of the Harvard‐Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in 1973 and was also appointed Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University that same year. In 1981 he became the first Director of the Space Telescope Science Institute and was also appointed Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Johns Hopkins University. In 1992 he was appointed Director General of the European Southern Observatory, an intergovernmental organization of eight nations. Prof. Giaconni is currently President of Associated Universities, Inc., and Research Professor at Johns Hopkins University. He was awarded the Wolf Prize in 1987, and the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2002.