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1.
有机卤化铅钙钛矿太阳能电池因其低成本、高效率而受到了全世界的广泛关注。本文回顾了有机卤化铅钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展历史,介绍了有机卤化铅钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展,重点分析了有机卤化铅钙钛矿太阳能电池中有机卤化铅的组成,如一价阳离子A、二价阳离子B、卤素离子X的结构对光电性质的影响。对三种类型有机卤化铅钙钛矿太阳能电池即敏化类钙钛矿太阳能电池、介观超级结构钙钛矿太阳能电池、平面异质结钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展进行了评述,并指出有机卤化铅钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究趋势和今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

2.
钙钛矿太阳能电池因其光吸收效率高、载流子寿命长、晶格缺陷容忍度高、能带可调等优点得到迅速发展,在短短几年内其太阳能转化效率已经达到22.1%。然而,在人们看到钙钛矿太阳能电池广阔发展前景的同时,其铅毒性和不稳定性严重限制了它的应用推广。无机非铅钙钛矿太阳能电池(ABX_3、A_2BB′X_6等)利用Sn、Ge、Bi、Ag等金属取代铅,以Cs、Rb等取代甲胺有希望解决目前钙钛矿太阳能电池的毒性和稳定性问题。本文主要对近几年无机非铅钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究现状做一个分析总结,并对其发展前景进行展望。  相似文献   

3.
高效率钙钛矿型太阳能电池的化学稳定性及其研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
近几年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池器件光电转换效率的最高纪录不断被刷新,但是关于钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的研究报道比较缺乏.钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性问题已经成为制约钙钛矿太阳能电池继续发展的瓶颈.简要讨论了水氧气氛、温度变化、湿法制备、紫外光照等不同敏感环境条件下钙钛矿太阳能电池的化学稳定性问题,进而对一定环境条件下钙钛矿太阳能电池的化学稳定性及其调控的研究现状进行了综述,旨在更好地理解钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的基础理论问题,为实现钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的调控提供基本依据.  相似文献   

4.
张太阳  赵一新 《化学学报》2015,73(3):202-210
铅卤钙钛矿太阳能电池由于其低廉的成本,简易的制备工艺和具有商业化潜力的效率等优点,在最近两年里成为太阳能领域广受关注的新星.铅卤钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构,材料合成和制作工业在短时期内发生多项革命性的变化.铅卤钙钛矿敏化型太阳能电池从最初使用液体电解液的敏化电池,演变为固态敏化电池.铅卤钙钛矿也从最初沉积在介孔膜的空隙的传统敏化结构,演变为介孔空隙填充和致密覆盖层结合的混合型敏化结构.通过这些结构的演化和材料制备的进步,敏化型铅卤钙钛矿太阳能电池具备了较高的稳定性和高效率的两大优点.对铅卤钙钛矿敏化型太阳能电池的研究进展进行简要综述.  相似文献   

5.
铅卤钙钛矿材料由于其优异的光电性质而受到了广泛关注. 但是, 材料中铅的毒性问题极大地阻碍了其大规模应用. 因此, 寻找与铅卤钙钛矿具有相似光电性质的非铅卤化物钙钛矿材料十分重要. 其中, 锡基卤化物钙钛矿被认为是铅基钙钛矿材料最佳的替代材料之一. 本文通过简便的反溶剂方法, 合成了一系列新型二维(RNH3)2SnX4(R为烷基链, X=Br-, I-)钙钛矿材料. 研究结果表明, 所合成的材料具有优异的荧光发射性质, 发光量子效率高达98.5%, 比三维ASnX3[A=Cs+, 甲胺(MA+), 甲脒(FA+)等]型钙钛矿表现出更好的稳定性. 本文所采用的合成方法简单易行, 有利于实现金属卤化物钙钛矿材料的大规模合成及在固态照明器件和显示器件领域的工业应用.  相似文献   

6.
铅卤钙钛矿纳米晶具有优异的光电性能,在太阳能电池、光电探测和生物成像等领域展现出巨大的发展潜力。然而,铅卤钙钛矿纳米晶自身稳定性差的缺陷制约了其在实际生活中的应用。将铅卤钙钛矿纳米晶嵌入到聚合物中以制备钙钛矿-聚合物复合材料是近年来发展起来的一种有效增强钙钛矿稳定性的策略,特别是致密的聚合物基质赋予钙钛矿纳米晶优异的水稳定性。本文综述了近十年钙钛矿-聚合物复合材料的制备方法及在发光器件和生物医药等领域的应用,探讨了目前仍存在的一些问题和解决方法,并对未来这一领域的发展进行了展望。  相似文献   

7.
2009年ABX3钙钛矿晶型的甲胺铅卤CH3NH3PbX3(X=I、Br、Cl)钙钛矿材料首次应用于太阳能电池,但初始报道效率低、稳定性差。2012年后,可溶液法制备的钙钛矿太阳能电池凭借其吸光系数高、激子结合能低等优点,迅速表现出低成本和高效率的突出优势,并在光电器件等交叉领域具有很强的应用潜力。因此,钙钛矿太阳能电池被Science杂志评为2013年度国际十大科技进展,是化学和材料领域特别是光伏领域新兴的变革性技术之一。钙钛矿太阳能电池材料与器件的发展一直面临大面积、高效率、稳定性和环境友好性等挑战,对应的是钙钛矿晶体可控生长、缺陷钝化、器件优化材料稳定性和铅毒性等科学问题。  相似文献   

8.
近年来,基于有机无机金属卤化物钙钛矿的叠层太阳能电池引起了巨大的研究热潮。但是,不稳定性限制了其商业化。适用于顶部子电池的宽带隙钙钛矿存在相不稳定性,而适用于底部子电池的窄带隙钙钛矿存在空气不稳定性。首先,我们总结了提升基于钙钛矿的叠层太阳能电池稳定性的最新进展。然后,我们系统地分析了导致宽带隙钙钛矿的相不稳定性和窄带隙钙钛矿的空气不稳定性的原因,并为解决这些不稳定性问题总结了合理的策略。我们也简短地总结了中间层带来的不稳定性以及相应的解决措施。最后,我们回顾了钙钛矿材料固有的本征不稳定性和相应的改进方法,这对于将来发展更稳定的叠层太阳能电池中是必要的。我们认为随着对钙钛矿子电池的理解越来越深入,基于钙钛矿的叠层电池特别是钙钛矿/硅叠层电池将会迅速商业化。  相似文献   

9.
Kai WU 《物理化学学报》2017,33(9):1728-1729
正有机金属卤化物钙钛矿材料具有可调的直接带隙、高摩尔吸光系数和高载流子迁移率等优异的光电性质~1。基于该类钙钛矿材料的太阳能电池经过短短几年的发展,其能量转换效率几乎能够和传统晶体硅太阳能电池的效率相媲美~2。因此,钙钛矿太阳能电池被研究者们寄予厚望。在电池制备过程中所形成的钙钛矿多晶薄膜往往具有大量的晶界,处于晶界中配位不饱和的卤离子和金属离子会诱导缺陷态的形成~3,从而大  相似文献   

10.
近年来,基于有机无机金属卤化物钙钛矿的叠层太阳能电池引起了巨大的研究热潮。但是,不稳定性限制了其商业化。适用于顶部子电池的宽带隙钙钛矿存在相不稳定性,而适用于底部子电池的窄带隙钙钛矿存在空气不稳定性。首先,我们总结了提升基于钙钛矿的叠层太阳能电池稳定性的最新进展。然后,我们系统地分析了导致宽带隙钙钛矿的相不稳定性和窄带隙钙钛矿的空气不稳定性的原因,并为解决这些不稳定性问题总结了合理的策略。我们也简短地总结了中间层带来的不稳定性以及相应的解决措施。最后,我们回顾了钙钛矿材料固有的本征不稳定性和相应的改进方法,这对于将来发展更稳定的叠层太阳能电池中是必要的。我们认为随着对钙钛矿子电池的理解越来越深入,基于钙钛矿的叠层电池特别是钙钛矿/硅叠层电池将会迅速商业化。  相似文献   

11.
Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites (most notably CH3NH3PbI3) have demonstrated remarkable physical attributes for photovoltaic and diverse optoelectronic applications, whereas concerns about toxicity owing to the use of lead in the chemical composition still motivate further exploration of new, nontoxic candidates. Lead-free halide double perovskites (HDPs), designed by the rational chemical substitution of Pb2+ with other nontoxic candidate elements, have recently attracted interest as a fascinating alternative to their Pb-based counterparts. Herein, recent advances in crystal structures, physical properties, and versatile optoelectronic applications of lead-free HDPs, such as solar cells, photodetectors, X-ray detectors, and light-emitting diodes, are reviewed. Perspectives to improve the physical and photoelectric properties of existing HDP materials are also discussed and will favor future development of new, lead-free HDP candidates.  相似文献   

12.
Despite the progressive enhancement in the flexibility of Pb-based perovskites for optoelectronic applications, regrettably, they are facing two main challenges; (1) instability, which originates from using organic components in the perovskite structure, and (2) toxicity due to Pb. Therefore, new, stable non-toxic perovskite materials are demanded to overcome these drawbacks. The research community has been working on a wide variety of Pb-free perovskites with different molecular formulas and dimensionality. A variety of Pb-free halide double perovskites have been widely explored by different research groups in search for stable, non-toxic double perovskite material. Especially, Cs-based Pb-free halide double perovskite has been in focus recently. Herein, we present a review of theoretical and experimental research on Cs-based Pb-free double halide perovskites of structural formulas Cs2M+M3+X6 (M+ = Ag+, Na+, In+ etc.; M3+= Bi3+, In3+, Sb3+; X = Cl, Br, I¯) and Cs2M4+X6 (M4+ = Ti4+, Sn4+, Au4+ etc.). We also present the challenges faced by these perovskite compounds and their current applications especially in photovoltaics alongside the effect of metal dopants on their performance.  相似文献   

13.
Recently, lead halide‐based perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in photovoltaic research because of their excellent optoelectronic properties. Among them, organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made very rapid progress with their power conversion efficiency (PCE) now at 23.7 %. However, the intrinsically unstable nature of these materials, particularly to moisture and heat, may be a problem for their long‐term stability. Replacing the fragile organic group with more robust inorganic Cs+ cations forms the cesium lead halide system (CsPbX3, X is halide) as all‐inorganic perovskites which are much more thermally stable and often more stable to other factors. From the first report in 2015 to now, the PCE of CsPbX3‐based PSCs has abruptly increased from 2.9 % to 17.1 % with much enhanced stability. In this Review, we summarize the field up to now, propose solutions in terms of development bottlenecks, and attempt to boost further research in CsPbX3 PSCs.  相似文献   

14.
Double perovskites (DPs) with a generic formula A2M′(I)MIIIX6 (A and M are metal ions, and X=Cl, Br, I) are now being explored as potential alternatives to Pb‐halide perovskites for solar cells and other optoelectronic applications. However, these DPs typically suffer from wide (≈3 eV) and/or indirect band gaps. In 2017, a new structural variety, namely layered halide DP Cs4CuSb2Cl12 (CCSC) with bivalent CuII ion in the place of M′(I) was reported, which exhibit a band gap of approximately 1 eV. Here, we report a mechanochemical synthesis of CCSC, its thermal and chemical stability, and magnetic response of CuII d9 electrons controlling the optoelectronic properties. A simple grinding of precursor salts at ambient conditions provides a stable and scalable product. CCSC is stable in water/acetone solvent mixtures (≈30 % water) and many other polar solvents unlike Pb‐halide perovskites. It decomposes to Cs3Sb2Cl9, Cs2CuCl4, and SbCl3 at 210 °C, but the reaction can be reversed back to produce CCSC at lower temperatures and high humidity. A long‐range magnetic ordering is observed in CCSC even at room temperature. The role of such magnetic ordering in controlling the dispersion of the conduction band, and therefore, controlling the electronic and optoelectronic properties of CCSC has been discussed.  相似文献   

15.
Hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite APbX3 pigments, such as methylammonium lead iodide, have recently emerged as excellent light harvesters in solid‐state mesoscopic solar cells. An important target for the further improvement of the performance of perovskite‐based photovoltaics is to extend their optical‐absorption onset further into the red to enhance solar‐light harvesting. Herein, we show that this goal can be reached by using a mixture of formamidinium (HN=CHNH3+, FA) and methylammonium (CH3NH3+, MA) cations in the A position of the APbI3 perovskite structure. This combination leads to an enhanced short‐circuit current and thus superior devices to those based on only CH3NH3+. This concept has not been applied previously in perovskite‐based solar cells. It shows great potential as a versatile tool to tune the structural, electrical, and optoelectronic properties of the light‐harvesting materials.  相似文献   

16.
金属卤素钙钛矿是目前最有前景的高效低成本新型太阳能电池材料,但是目前还存在环境友好性和理论效率极限较低的问题。锡钙钛矿环境友好,而且其带隙更窄理论转换效率更高,吸引了广泛的关注。锡钙钛矿太阳能电池(TPSC)近年来发展迅速,是目前效率最高的无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池。本文先介绍了锡钙钛矿的晶体结构、能带结构和光电性质,然后总结了最近在锡钙钛矿领域有代表性的工作和提高光电转化效率的策略,最后讨论了锡钙钛矿发展面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。  相似文献   

17.
Introducing heterovalent cations at the octahedral sites of halide perovskites can substantially change their optoelectronic properties. Yet, in most cases, only small amounts of such metals can be incorporated as impurities into the three-dimensional lattice. Here, we exploit the greater structural flexibility of the two-dimensional (2D) perovskite framework to place three distinct stoichiometric cations in the octahedral sites. The new layered perovskites AI4[CuII(CuIInIII)0.5Cl8] (1, A = organic cation) may be derived from a CuI–InIII double perovskite by replacing half of the octahedral metal sites with Cu2+. Electron paramagnetic resonance and X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirm the presence of Cu2+ in 1. Crystallographic studies demonstrate that 1 represents an averaging of the CuI–InIII double perovskite and CuII single perovskite structures. However, whereas the highly insulating CuI–InIII and CuII perovskites are colorless and yellow, respectively, 1 is black, with substantially higher electronic conductivity than that of either endmember. We trace these emergent properties in 1 to intervalence charge transfer between the mixed-valence Cu centers. We further propose a tiling model to describe how the Cu+, Cu2+, and In3+ coordination spheres can pack most favorably into a 2D perovskite lattice, which explains the unusual 1 : 2 : 1 ratio of these cations found in 1. Magnetic susceptibility data of 1 further corroborate this packing model. The emergence of enhanced visible light absorption and electronic conductivity in 1 demonstrates the importance of devising strategies for increasing the compositional complexity of halide perovskites.

A novel 2D halide perovskite with stoichiometric quantities of Cu+, Cu2+, and In3+ in the inorganic slabs shows emergent properties not seen in CuII or CuI–InIII perovskites, including enhanced visible-light absorption and electronic conductivity.  相似文献   

18.
Organic‐inorganic hybrid two‐dimensional (2D) perovskites (n≤5) have recently attracted significant attention because of their promising stability and optoelectronic properties. Normally, 2D perovskites contain a monocation [e.g., methylammonium (MA+) or formamidinium (FA+)]. Reported here for the first time is the fabrication of 2D perovskites (n=5) with mixed cations of MA+, FA+, and cesium (Cs+). The use of these triple cations leads to the formation of a smooth, compact surface morphology with larger grain size and fewer grain boundaries compared to the conventional MA‐based counterpart. The resulting perovskite also exhibits longer carrier lifetime and higher conductivity in triple cation 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2D PSCs with triple cations was enhanced by more than 80 % (from 7.80 to 14.23 %) compared to PSCs fabricated with a monocation. The PCE is also higher than that of PSCs based on binary cation (MA+‐FA+ or MA+‐Cs+) 2D structures.  相似文献   

19.
Because perovskite crystals exhibit unique magnetic, conductive, and optical properties, they have been the subject of many fundamental investigations in various research fields. However, investigations related to their use as optoelectronic device materials are still in their early days. Regarding oxide perovskites, which have been investigated for a long time, the efficiency of photoluminescence (PL) induced by band‐to‐band transitions is extremely low because of the localized nature of the carriers in these materials. On the other hand, halide perovskites exhibit a highly efficient band‐edge PL attributable to the recombination of delocalized photocarriers. Therefore, it is expected that this class of high‐quality materials will be advantageous for optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and light‐emitting diodes. In this Minireview, we discuss various aspects of the PL properties and carrier dynamics of SrTiO3 and CH3NH3PbX3 (X=I, Br), which are representative oxide and halide perovskites.  相似文献   

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