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1.
掺杂镧的TiO2纳米粒子的光致发光及其光催化性能   总被引:22,自引:5,他引:17  
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的和掺杂La的TiO2纳米粒子,并利用XRD,TEM,XPS和荧光光谱(FS)等对样品进行表征,主要考察焙烧温度和La含量对TiO2纳米粒子的性质以及光催化降解苯酚活性的影响,并探讨了La的掺杂对TiO2相变的作用机制以及FS光谱与光催化活性的关系.结果表明,适量La掺杂能够提高TiO2纳米粒子FS光谱强度,这是因为La掺杂能够使表面氧空位和缺陷的浓度增加;600℃热处理的掺杂不同量La的TiO2样品的光催化活性顺序是:1%>1.5%>3%>0.5%>5%>0%,这与它们的FS光谱强度的顺序是一致的,即FS光谱强度越高,其光催化活性越高.这是因为在光致发光过程中,FS信号主要来源于表面氧空位和缺陷,而在光催化反应过程中,表面氧空位和缺陷能够有利于光生电子被捕获.  相似文献   

2.
ZnO和TiO2纳米粒子的光致发光性能及其与光催化活性的关系   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15  
采用沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了ZnO和TiO2及掺Zn2+的TiO2纳米粒子,用XRD和荧光光谱(FS)等手段对样品进行了表征,重点探讨了样品光致发光机制及与光催化活性的关系.结果表明,ZnO和TiO2样品在大于带隙能的光激发下均表现出明显的FS信号,热处理温度升高,FS信号强度下降,并且二者的FS信号类似,这可能与二者具有类似的电子能带结构有关,同时也说明FS信号主要源于表面氧空位以及吸附氧物种等引起的激子或表面态能级.掺杂Zn2+使TiO2纳米粒子FS信号增强,这主要与表面氧空位和缺陷等量增加有关;此外,在光催化氧化苯酚实验中,样品光催化活性与其FS信号强度顺序一致,即FS信号越强,活性越高.这是由于在光致发光过程中,FS信号主要源于表面氧空位,而在光催化反应中,表面氧空位有利于氧化反应进行.  相似文献   

3.
钕掺杂对纳米TiO2光催化分解水制氢活性的影响   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列纳米TiO2和掺杂Nd3+ 的纳米TiO2光催化剂,并通过XRD, UV-Vis, TEM和N2吸附等技术对其进行了表征和分析,考察了样品光催化分解水制氢的活性. 结果表明, Nd3+的掺杂使TiO2的相变温度从600 ℃提高到800 ℃, 同时有效抑制了TiO2的粒径增长,提高了粒子的分散性和样品的比表面积, Nd3+掺杂量越大,催化剂的比表面积越大. 掺杂Nd3+ 后, TiO2的光催化制氢活性提高,本实验中Nd3+的最佳掺杂量为0.1%, 此时催化剂的活性比未掺杂TiO2提高了3.5倍. 随着焙烧温度升高, TiO2和Nd3+/TiO2样品的光催化活性均下降,但同时一定量的金红石相与锐钛矿相共存所产生的协同效应也使样品的光催化活性有所提高.  相似文献   

4.
N掺杂TiO_2纳米粒子表面光生电荷特性与光催化活性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以尿素为氮源,采用水热法制备了不同N掺杂量的TiO2(N-TiO2)光催化剂.利用X射线衍射(XRD),紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及荧光(PL)光谱等技术对其进行了系统的表征.以罗丹明B(RhB)和甲基橙(MO)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应,分别考察了N-TiO2光催化剂在紫外和可见光区的光催化活性.利用表面光伏(SPV)和瞬态光伏(TPV)技术研究了N-TiO2纳米粒子表面光生电荷的产生和传输机制,并探讨了光生电荷与光催化活性之间的关系.结果显示,随着N含量的增大,TiO2表面光伏响应阈值红移,可见光部分光电压响应强度逐渐增强,瞬态光伏响应达到最大值的时间亦有着不同程度的延迟.这表明适量的N掺杂能够提高TiO2纳米粒子中光生载流子的分离效率,相应地延长载流子的传输时间,增加光生电荷的寿命,从而促进其光催化活性;而过量的N掺杂则增加了TiO2纳米粒子中光生载流子的复合中心,抑制其光催化活性.  相似文献   

5.
低量Yb3+掺杂的TiO2复合纳米粉体的制备及光催化活性   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
姜洪泉  王鹏  线恒泽 《化学学报》2006,64(2):145-150
利用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2和低量Yb3 (w=0.125%)掺杂的TiO2复合纳米粉体,采用XRD,BET,XPS,DRS和SPS等技术进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了其光催化活性,探讨了低量Yb3 掺杂对TiO2纳米粒子光催化活性的影响机制.研究结果表明,0.125%Yb3 掺杂可以显著提高TiO2纳米粒子的光催化活性.低量Yb3 掺杂可以抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,阻碍TiO2晶粒的生长,改善粉体的表面织构特性,提高高温组织稳定性.XPS分析表明,Yb3 掺杂可以导致粉体的表面羟基含量增加.SPS分析表明,Yb3 掺杂能够抑制光生e-/h 复合,改善粒子表面的光吸收性能.与纯TiO2相比,Yb3 掺杂TiO2纳米粒子光催化氧化活性的提高应归因于Yb3 掺杂抑制了e-/h 复合,增加了表面羟基含量,增大了比表面积,增强了样品表面的光吸收能力.  相似文献   

6.
采用sol-gel法制备了纯的和掺杂不同量Ce的TiO_2纳米粒子,并利用XRD, TEM,BET,XPS和PL光谱对样品进行表征,主要考察焙烧温度和含量对掺杂Ce的 TiO_2纳米粒子性质以及光催化降解苯酚活性的影响,并探讨了Ce的掺杂对TiO_2相 变的作用机制以及PL光谱与光催化活性的关系,结果表明,掺杂的Ce~(4+)没有进 入到TiO_2晶格中,而是以小团簇的CeO_2化学态均匀地弥散在TiO_2纳米粒子中, 这可能导致了Ce的掺杂对TiO_2的相变有很大的抑制作用;Ce的掺杂没有引起新的 光致发光现象,而适量Ce的掺杂能够降低TiO_2纳米粒子PL光谱的强度,这是因为 掺杂的Ce~(4+)易于捕获光生电子而生成Ce~(3+);600℃处理的掺杂Ce的TiO_2纳米 粒子表现出较高的光催化活性,这说明600℃是比较合适的焙烧温度,而掺杂不同 量的Ce的TiO_2样品的光催化活性顺序是:3 mol%>4 mol%>2 mol%>5 mol%>1 mol%>0 mol%,这与它们的PL光谱强度的顺序是相反的,即PL光谱强度越低,其 光催化活性越高,这说明PL光谱与其光催化活性间有着必然的联系,这是因为掺杂 剂Ce~(4+)能够捕获光生电子,在光致发光过程中使PL光谱强度下降,而在光催化 反应过程中使有机污染物加快氧化。  相似文献   

7.
掺杂Ce的TiO_2纳米粒子的光致光及其光催化活性   总被引:32,自引:6,他引:26  
采用sol-gel法制备了纯的和掺杂不同量Ce的TiO_2纳米粒子,并利用XRD, TEM,BET,XPS和PL光谱对样品进行表征,主要考察焙烧温度和含量对掺杂Ce的 TiO_2纳米粒子性质以及光催化降解苯酚活性的影响,并探讨了Ce的掺杂对TiO_2相 变的作用机制以及PL光谱与光催化活性的关系,结果表明,掺杂的Ce~(4+)没有进 入到TiO_2晶格中,而是以小团簇的CeO_2化学态均匀地弥散在TiO_2纳米粒子中, 这可能导致了Ce的掺杂对TiO_2的相变有很大的抑制作用;Ce的掺杂没有引起新的 光致发光现象,而适量Ce的掺杂能够降低TiO_2纳米粒子PL光谱的强度,这是因为 掺杂的Ce~(4+)易于捕获光生电子而生成Ce~(3+);600℃处理的掺杂Ce的TiO_2纳米 粒子表现出较高的光催化活性,这说明600℃是比较合适的焙烧温度,而掺杂不同 量的Ce的TiO_2样品的光催化活性顺序是:3 mol%>4 mol%>2 mol%>5 mol%>1 mol%>0 mol%,这与它们的PL光谱强度的顺序是相反的,即PL光谱强度越低,其 光催化活性越高,这说明PL光谱与其光催化活性间有着必然的联系,这是因为掺杂 剂Ce~(4+)能够捕获光生电子,在光致发光过程中使PL光谱强度下降,而在光催化 反应过程中使有机污染物加快氧化。  相似文献   

8.
铕掺杂对纳米TiO2的光催化活性的影响   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂Eu3+的纳米TiO2,用XRD和TG-DTA对其进行了表征,并以正庚烷为气相有机污染物的实例研究了样品的光催化活性,发现Eu3+进入TiO2晶格中引起了TiO2晶格膨胀,导致晶格畸变增大,抑制了TiO2晶相的转变和粒径的增长.结果表明,Eu3+掺杂可提高TiO2的光催化活性,并且当掺杂摩尔分数为0.3%时,光催化活性最好.随着焙烧温度的升高,光催化活性下降,而利用较高的水解酸度则有利于得到光催化活性较高的样品.  相似文献   

9.
采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备了La3+/S-TiO2纳米光催化剂,通过XRD、BET、XPS、UV-Vis等手段进行了表征.以甲基橙溶液为光催化降解反应的模型化合物,考察了光催化剂的活性,探讨了低量La3+掺杂对TiO2纳米粒子光催化活性的影响机制.实验结果表明:S改性TiO2后明显提高了TiO2纳米粒子的光催化活性,而La3+掺杂S-TiO2后,进一步提高了TiO2纳米粒子的光催化活性,La3+的最佳掺杂量(相对于TiO2的质量分数)为0.369%;La3+/S-TiO2(ω(La3+)=0.369%)为纳米光催化剂时,甲基橙的脱色率达到92.4%(光照120min);XRD和BET分析表明,低量La3+掺杂抑制了TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石的转变,阻碍了TiO2晶粒的生长,提高了TiO2的比表面积;XPS分析表明,S、La3+掺杂可以导致粉体的表面羟基含量增加,掺杂S以S6+形式置换TiO2晶格中的Ti4+;UV-Vis分析表明,光催化剂La3+/S-TiO2比纯TiO2具有较强的紫外光吸收性能.与纯TiO2相比,La3+掺杂TiO2纳米粒子光催化氧化活性的提高应归因于La3+掺杂增加了表面羟基含量,增大了比表面积,增强了样品表面的紫外光吸收能力.  相似文献   

10.
稀土离子掺杂对纳米TiO2光催化制氢活性的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了纳米TiO2和一系列稀土离子掺杂的TiO2光催化剂,通过X射线衍射、透射电镜及N2吸附等技术对其进行了表征,考察了样品光催化分解水制氢的性能.结果表明,稀土离子掺杂有效抑制了TiO2粒子的生长,提高了粒子的分散性,增大了催化剂的比表面积,从而大幅度提高了其光催化分解水制氢的性能.其中,Gd3 掺杂的TiO2样品粒径最小,分散性最好,比表面积最大(是未掺杂TiO2的35倍).掺杂离子的电子构型对样品的光催化制氢活性有较大影响,具有全空电子构型的La3 和半充满电子构型的Gd3 掺杂的样品具有较高的光催化制氢活性(分别是未掺杂TiO2的3.69倍和3.72倍).  相似文献   

11.
In this paper, pure and La doped TiO2 nanoparticles with different La content were prepared by a sol-gel process using Ti (OC4H9)4 as raw material, and also were characterized by XRD, TG-DTA, TEM, XPS, DRS and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. We mainly investigated the effects of calcining temperature and La content on the properties and the photocatalytic activity for degrading phenol of as-prepared TiO2 samples, and also discussed the relationships between PL spectra and photocatalytic activity as well as the mechanisms of La doping on TiO2 phase transformation. The results showed that La3+ did not enter into the crystal lattices of TiO2 and was uniformly dispersed onto TiO2 as the form of La2O3 particles with small size, which possibly made La dopant have a great inhibition on TiO2 phase transformation; La dopant did not give rise to a new PL signal, but it could improve the intensity of PL spectra with a appropriate La content, which was possibly attributed to the increase in the content of surface oxygen vacancies and defects after doping La; La doped TiO2 nanoparticles calcined at 600°C exhibited higher photocatalytic activity, indicating that 600°C was an appropriate calcination temperature. The order of photocatalytic activity of La doped TiO2 samples with different La content was as following: 1>1.5>3>0.5>5>0 mol%, which was the same as the order of their PL intensity, namely, the stronger the PL intensity, the higher the photocatalytic activity, demonstrating that there were certain relationships between PL spectra and photocatalytic activity. This could be explained by the points that PL spectra mainly resulted from surface oxygen vacancies and defects during the process of PL, while surface oxygen vacancies and defects could be favorable in capturing the photoinduced electrons during the process of photocatalytic reactions.  相似文献   

12.
In recent years, nanosized TiO2 materials have been widely studied in photocatalytic and photoelectric conversion fields because of their intrinsic characteris- tics, such as stable chemical property, strong oxidizing capability and nontoxicity[1,2]. And the preparation, characterization and modification of nanosized TiO2 are always crucial contents in semiconductor photo- electric chemistry and photocatalytic researches[3,4]. To further improve TiO2 performance, doping metal ion is consider…  相似文献   

13.
掺Sn的纳米TiO2表面光致电荷分离及光催化活性   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同掺Sn量的TiO2纳米粒子, 主要利用表面光电压谱(SPS)和光致发光光谱(PL)对样品进行了表征, 并通过光催化降解苯酚实验来评估样品活性. 重点考察了热处理温度和掺Sn量对样品表面光生载流子的分离及光催化活性的影响, 并探讨了Sn使TiO2纳米粒子改性的机制. 结果表明, 在适当温度处理下, 适量Sn的掺入能够有效促进TiO2纳米粒子表面光生载流子的分离, 以至于使其光催化活性得到显著提高.  相似文献   

14.
The pure, 1 mol% only La or only Cu doped TiO2 and La and Cu codoped TiO2 were prepared by a sol-gel process. The effects of doping on photoinduced charge properties of nanosized TiO2 were mainly investigated by means of Surface Photovoltage Spectrum (SPS) and Photoluminescence Spectrum (PL), together with their relationships with photocatalytic activity. The results show that La dopant can inhibit the phase transformation of TiO2, meanwhile improve the separation rate of photoinduced charge carriers, and enrich the binding surface states. However, Cu dopant has a reverse effect compared to La dopant. This is responsible for the results that doping La is favorable for the increase in the photocatalytic activity for degrading the RhB solution, while doping Cu is bad to photocatalyitc reaction. In addition, codoping La and Cu cannot exhibit an obvious combination effect.  相似文献   

15.
Lanthanum trivalent ions (La(3+)) doped titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanopowders in the range of 20-60 nm were prepared successfully by plasma spray in the self-developed plasma spray equipment. The photocatalytic activity of samples at different doping concentrations in photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange was discussed. The nanopowders prepared were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectra, photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that La(3+) doping increased the photocatalytic activity of TiO(2) greatly, the optimal doping concentration was 0.5 at%. The La(3+) doping decreases the particle size and the distribution of particle sizes becomes more uniform. The doped powders were the mixture of anatase and rutile phase. The contents of anatase phase decreased firstly and then increased with an increase in the contents of La(3+). The intrinsic absorption band of La(3+) doped TiO(2) nanopowders appears red shift from that of pure TiO(2) nanopowders. The intensity of PL spectra increases and then decreases with increasing the content of La(3+). The PL spectral intensity reaches its peak when the ratio of La(3+)/TiO(2) is 0.2 at%. There are O, Ti, C and La elements in the prepared La(3+) doped TiO(2) nanopowders, La element still exists in trivalent and Ti element always exists in tetravalent.  相似文献   

16.
In this study, TiO(2)- and Mg-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles with different dopant contents were prepared by sol-gel method. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) techniques. The results of BET analysis indicated a pore diameter of 8 nm and surface area of 48.5 m(2) g(-1). XRD patterns of pure and doped TiO(2) nanoparticles at 450 °C revealed that all phases are anatase. The particle size obtained from TEM was less than 20 nm. The band gap energy of Mg-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles was lower than that of TiO(2) . The photocatalytic activity of the pure and doped nanoparticles has been compared in the removal of C.I. Acid Red 27 (AR27). The photocatalytic activity of Mg-doped (0.2 mol%) TiO(2) for the degradation of AR27 was higher than that of bare TiO(2) nanoparticles. Results of total organic carbon analysis and changes in the AR27 UV-Vis peaks indicated 99% mineralization and extinguishing of all peaks in UV and visible regions is possible with Mg-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles. Removal efficiency of AR27 was sensitive to the parameters such as catalyst dose, pollutant concentration and light intensity.  相似文献   

17.
铁酸锌掺杂对二氧化钛结构相变及光催化性能的影响   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
分别采用共沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法制备铁酸锌和二氧化钛纳米粉体,较系统地研究了铁酸锌纳米掺杂对二氧化钛“锐钛矿→金红石”的结构相变及光催化性能的影响.结果表明,适量铁酸锌的掺杂可促进二氧化钛的结构相变,显著提高其光催化活性,在最佳掺杂浓度时,其光催化降解苯酚的效率可以提高2~3倍.  相似文献   

18.
In this paper, TiO(2) nanoparticles doped with different amounts of Zn were prepared by a sol-gel method and were mainly characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), and surface photovoltage spectrum (SPS). The effects of surface oxygen vacancies (SOVs) of Zn-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles on photophysical and photocatalytic processes were investigated along with their inherent relationships. The results show that the SOVs easily bind photoinduced electrons to further give rise to PL signals. The SOVs can result in an interesting sub-band SPS response near the band edge in the TiO(2) sample consisting of much anatase and little rutile, except for an obvious band-to-band SPS response. Moreover, the intensities of PL and SPS signals of TiO(2), as well as the photocatalytic activity for degrading phenol solution, can be enhanced by doping an appropriate amount of Zn. These improvements are mainly attributed to the increase in the SOV amount. It can be suggested that the SOVs should play an important role during the processes of PL, surface photovoltage, and photocatalytic reactions, and, for the as-prepared TiO(2) samples doped with different amounts of Zn by thermal treatment at 550 degrees C, the larger the SOV amount, the stronger the PL and SPS signal, and the higher the photocatalytic activity.  相似文献   

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