Cu负载Fe柱撑钠化海泡石: 结构特点及其丙烯选择性催化还原NO性质研究

采用羟基铁离子柱撑钠化海泡石改性后, 以浸渍法制备了铜负载铁柱撑钠化海泡石Cu/Fe-NaPILCS催化剂, 作为比较以浸渍法制备了铁负载钠化海泡石(Fe-NaSep), 铜负载钠化海泡石(Cu-NaSep)和铜铁负载钠化海泡石(Cu/Fe-NaSep)催化剂. 并将它们应用于C₃H₆选择性催化还原NO的反应(C₃H₆-SCR). 通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、TGA-DTG分析、N₂-等温吸附/脱附、H₂-程序升温还原(TPR)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等技术对样品进行表征. N₂-等温吸附/脱附和TGA-DTG分析结果表明, Fe-NaPILCS的比表面积和孔体积较海泡石原矿具有较大的增加, 热稳定性也明显提高|XRD和XPS结果表明, 在Cu/Fe-NaPILCS催化剂上同时存在Fe^3＋/Fe^2＋和Cu^2＋/Cu^＋不同氧化态的氧化物种, 在Cu和Fe之间存在电子迁移. H₂-TPR结果表明, Cu/Fe-NaPILCS催化剂上存在大量的孤立铜离子物种(isolated Cu^2＋-ions, (Cu^2＋)_i). Fe柱撑钠化海泡石负载的Cu/Fe-NaPILCS催化剂的催化活性明显优于未柱撑海泡石负载的Cu/Fe-NaSep催化剂, 这可能与Cu/Fe-NaPILCS具有较大的比表面积、孔体积和更优的氧化还原性能, 及其具有更多有利于C₃H₆-SCR反应的(Cu^2＋)_i物种有关.     

Co3V2O8催化剂的合成表征及其催化性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Co₃V₂O₈催化剂,并对催化剂进行了BET、XRD、H₂-TPR、XPS、和 TEM等技术表征,研究了其丙烷氧化脱氢 (ODH) 制丙烯反应的催化性能。H₂-TPR和XPS实验结果表明,Co₃V₂O₈催化剂中晶格氧可以较容易转换成可动氧物种(即未完全还原氧物种),使催化剂内各种价态的钒之间易于进行氧化还原反应并形成氧缺位,催化剂的表面含有较多未充分还原氧物种O^-和V⁴⁺ 物种。催化活性结果显示,在425℃和475℃,丙烯选择性分别为49.45%和33.74%,表现了较好的催化性能。     

镧改性铜基铝铈交联蒙脱土的制备及其对丙烯选择性还原NO的催化性能

 制备了镧改性铜基铝铈交联蒙脱土催化剂La/Cu/SO2-4/AlCe-PILM,研究了它在富氧条件下对丙烯选择还原NO的催化性能,考察了镧的添加方法、添加量及催化剂焙烧温度对La/Cu/SO2-4/AlCe-PILM催化性能的影响. 结果表明,采用分步浸渍法引入镧能显著提高催化剂对NO选择还原反应的催化活性和高温稳定性,镧的添加量为1.0%时,经500 ℃焙烧制得的La/Cu/SO2-4/AlCe-PILM催化剂性能较佳,NO最大转化率由未加镧时的49.1%提高到加镧时的57.2%,在650 ℃反应时La/Cu/SO2-4/AlCe-PILM上的NO转化率仍高达20%. XRD,TPR和XPS表征分析结果表明,镧物种和铜物种均呈分散状态,镧的引入可能促进了活性中心Cu2+的氧化还原催化循环过程,从而提高了催化剂对丙烯选择还原NO反应的催化活性.     

Al-PILC负载铜铁复合氧化物在NH_3选择性催化还原NO中的协同作用

以铝柱撑黏土(Al-PILC)为载体采用旋蒸-浸渍法制备了铜、铁单组分催化剂(Cu/Al-PILC、Fe/Al-PILC)和铜铁复合氧化物催化剂(CuFe/Al-PILC),并测试其对NH3选择性催化还原NO反应(NH3-SCR)的催化性能。相比Cu/Al-PILC和Fe/Al-PILC,CuFe/Al-PILC活性组分之间有较强的协同效应,显著提高了催化剂的脱硝性能。CuFe/Al-PILC在290~450℃的宽温区NO脱除效率保持90%以上,最高可达97%。此外,CuFe/Al-PILC有很好的抗水抗硫性能,催化活性不受反应气氛中水蒸气和SO2的影响。XRD、UV-vis、XPS和N2吸附脱附表征结果表明,CuFe/Al-PILC中活性组分相互作用生成CuFe2O4,有利于活性组分在载体表面分散,提高催化剂的比表面积和孔容;H2-TPR表征结果表明,CuFe/Al-PILC活性组分在载体表面生成的CuFe2O4改善了催化剂氧化还原性能,有利于NH3对NO选择性的还原;NH3-TPD表征结果表明,CuFe/Al-PILC在较宽温区范围内对NH3都有很好的吸附,这有利于提高催化剂表面还原物种的浓度,从而保证催化剂在较宽温区范围内具有较好的NO脱除效率。     

SO2存在条件下M/REY催化剂NH3选择性还原NO性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了以REY为载体负载金属氧化物催化剂。采用XRD、NH₃-TPD、NO-TPD、H₂-TPR和XPS对催化剂进行表征,并在固定床微型反应器上评价SO₂存在条件下催化剂在NH₃选择还原NO反应中的活性。实验结果表明,活性组分种类及负载量均影响催化剂性能,Cu(3)/REY催化剂在NH₃选择还原NO反应中表现出较好的低温活性,在SO₂存在条件下,254~390℃时NO的转化率大于95%。催化剂表征结果显示,Cu(3)/REY催化剂的催化活性与其良好的氧化还原性和对NO的吸脱附性能相关。     

MgO海/泡石复合载体负载Cu催化剂催化环己醇脱氢

采用浸渍沉淀法制备了不同比例的MgO/海泡石(Sep)复合载体负载Cu催化剂,并考察了其对环己醇脱氢反应的催化性能。采用N2气物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、程序升温还原(TPR)等测试技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,海泡石的引入有助于催化剂比表面积的增加,但当载体中海泡石的比例太高时,会导致催化剂酸性以及活性组分Cu状态的变化,从而降低催化剂的活性和选择性。当复合载体中海泡石质量分数为40%时,催化剂的活性最高,选择性也较好。     

焙烧温度对Mn-Fe/CeO2-TiO2催化剂低温NH3选择性催化还原NO的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Mn-Fe/CeO2-TiO2催化剂,考察了不同焙烧温度对其NH3选择性催化还原(SCR)NO活性及催化剂性能的影响。并用N2吸附-脱附,X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行了表征。活性结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,Mn-Fe/CeO2-TiO2催化剂的催化活性先升高后降低。其中焙烧温度为500℃时Mn/CeO2-TiO2的NH3-SCR活性最佳,该催化剂在113～250℃之间表现出了良好NO去除效率。表征结果表明,500℃焙烧时,催化剂中Fe和Mn物种在CeO2-TiO2表面的分散效果最好。500℃焙烧时Mn-Fe/CeO2-TiO2表面Mn以+4价存在,Fe以+3、+2价存在,而Ce以+4、+3存在。     

Fe/Ti-PILC用于C_3H_6选择性催化还原NO的研究

采用二氧化钛对蒙脱土进行柱撑改性后,以离子交换法制备了铁负载二氧化钛柱撑蒙脱土催化剂Fe/Ti-PILC,考察了其在富氧条件下催化C_3H_6选择性还原NO(C_3H_6-SCR)的性能。并借助N_2等温吸附-脱附、XRD、UV-vis、H_2-TPR、Py-FTIR等表征方法研究了催化剂的结构与性能之间的关系。结果表明,所制备的19Fe/Ti-PILC催化剂在400℃时即可实现到NO的完全脱除,N2选择性能够达到90%以上。且具有较好的抗水蒸气和抗SO_2的能力。N_2吸附-脱附和XRD结果显示,蒙脱土的结构被撑开,交联柱撑有效,形成了较大的比表面积和孔体积。UV-vis结果表明,催化剂的脱硝活性与铁氧低聚物种FexOy的含量有关,Py-FTIR结果表明,催化剂表面同时存在Lewis酸和Brnsted酸,Fe~(3+)负载到柱撑黏土中能够显著增加Lewis酸的含量,Lewis酸是影响催化剂脱硝活性的影响因素之一。H_2-TPR表征表明,催化剂在400℃左右有较强的还原能力,催化剂的还原能力主要体现为Fe~(3+)→Fe~(2+)的还原。     

CexTi1-xO2负载锰基催化剂的制备及其低温NH3选择催化还原NO

用共沉淀法制备了CexTi1-xO2复合氧化物载体。XRD和低温N2吸附-脱附结果指出,当0.2≤x≤0.4时,CexTi1-xO2载体主要以无定形态存在,且Ce0.4Ti0.6O2的比表面积和孔容最大。Mn-Fe/CexTi1-xO2系列催化剂低温NH3选择性催化还原(SCR)NO活性结果表明,Mn-Fe/CexTi1-xO2的活性随着Ce含量的增加先增大后减小,其中Mn-Fe/Ce0.4Ti0.6O2的活性最佳,在41000 h-1空速下,催化剂在75℃起燃,NO转化率在113℃时即超过90%。而XRD和XPS分析结果指出,Mn-Fe/Ce0.4Ti0.6O2催化剂主要以无定形或微晶的形式存在,催化剂表面Mn和Fe与载体间存在强相互作用,且催化剂表面存在Ce3+/Ce4+氧化还原电对和较多的化学吸附氧,有利于NO氧化成NO2,同时催化剂表现出了较好的抗H2O和SO2性能。     

Sn/Al2O3催化剂结构与选择性催化还原NO性能

以不同沉淀剂和铝盐与SnCl4共沉淀制备了Sn/Al2O3催化剂.考察了催化剂在富氧条件下催化丙烯选择性还原NO的性能,借助于X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、N2吸附-脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-IR)和程序升温还原(TPR)等方法研究了催化剂性能与结构的关系.发现以NH3.H2O和NH4HCO3为沉淀剂、NH4Al(SO4)2为铝盐制备的Sn/Al2O3催化剂催化活性最高,NO转化率达90.9%,最佳催化活性温度为350℃.该催化剂的比表面积为254 m2/g,孔体积为0.878 cm3/g,孔径分布曲线在3~8 nm出现双峰,Sn物种主要以晶态SnO2存在,且表面Lewis酸酸量增加.     

碳化硅负载氧化铜催化剂低温NH3选择性催化还原NOx的性能

采用湿浸渍法制备了碳化硅负载的氧化铜(CuO/SiC)催化剂,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对其进行了表征,在模拟烟气条件下研究了该催化剂对低温NH_3选择性催化还原NO_x的性能。结果表明,CuO/SiC还原NO的催化活性与氧化铜含量和反应温度有关。负载质量分数为5%的CuO/SiC催化剂在低温下表现出较高的活性,虽然SO_2对其催化活性略有抑制;研究发现,NO还原反应发生在被吸附的氨与气相的NO或弱吸附的NO之间。所制备的CuO/SiC催化剂为实际的工业应用提供了新的选择。     

Characterization and catalytic functionalities of copper oxide catalysts supported on zirconia

A series of zirconia supported copper oxide catalysts with varying copper loadings (1.2-19.1 wt %) were prepared by impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and temperature-programmed desorption of CO2. Copper dispersion and metal area were determined by N2O decomposition method. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate the presence of crystalline CuO phase beyond 2.7 wt % of Cu on zirconia. UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra suggest the presence of two types of copper species on the ZrO2 support. XPS peaks intensity ratio of Cu 2p3/2 and Zr 3d5/2 was compared with Cu dispersion calculated from N2O decomposition. TPR patterns reveal the presence of highly dispersed copper oxide at lower temperatures and bulk CuO at higher temperatures. The basicity of the catalysts was found to increase with Cu loading, and the activity of the catalysts was also found to increase with the increase in Cu loading up to 2.7 wt % Cu loading. The catalytic properties were evaluated for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone and were related to surface properties of the copper species supported on zirconia.     

Characterization and reactivity of copper oxide catalysts supported on TiO2-ZrO2

A series of copper catalysts supported on TiO2-ZrO2 with copper loading varying from 1.0 to 21.6 wt % were prepared by a wet impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area measurements. Copper dispersion and metal area were determined by N2O decomposition by the passivation method. XRD results suggest that the copper oxide is present in a highly dispersed amorphous state at copper loadings <16.8 wt % in the sample and as a crystalline CuO phase at higher Cu loadings. Copper dispersion increases with Cu loading up to 5.1 wt % and levels off at higher loadings. The XPS peak intensity ratios of Cu 2p(3/2)/Ti 2p(3/2) and Cu 2p(3/2)/Zr 3d(5/2) were compared with the copper dispersion calculated from N2O decomposition. ESR results suggest the presence of two types of copper species on the TiO2-ZrO2 support. TPR profiles reveal the presence of highly dispersed copper oxide at lower temperatures and bulk CuO at higher temperatures. The catalytic properties were evaluated for the vapor-phase dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone and related to the dispersion of Cu on TiO2-ZrO2.     

Catalytic Combustion of Methane over High Copper-Loading ZSM-5 Catalysts

Two series of Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts,loading from 5 to 20 wt% CuO,were prepared by the deposition-precipitation and impregnation methods,respectively.The catalysts prepared by the impreg- nation method showed better catalytic performances than those prepared by the deposition-precipitation method and the increase of copper loading favored methane conversion.20Cu(I)/ZSM-5 had the highest activity with T_(90%)of 746 K,and for 20Cu(D)/ZSM-5,T_(90%)was as high as 804 K.The characteriza- tion of X-ray diffraction(XRD),temperature-programmed reduction(TPR),temperature-programmed desorption(TPD),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)revealed that the dispersion of cop- per species could be improved by using the deposition-precipitation method instead of the impregnation method,but the fraction of surface CuO,corresponding to active sites for methane oxidation,was larger on 20Cu(I)/ZSM-5 than 20Cu(D)/ZSM-5.The results of Pyridine-Fourier transform infrared spectrum (Py-FT-IR)showed that a majority of Lewis acidity and a minority of Brφnsted acidity were present on Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts.20Cu(I)/ZSM-5 presented more Lewis acid sites.The number of Lewis acid sites changed significantly with preadsorption of oxygen.Adsorption of methane and oxygen on acid sites was observed.The properties of Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts were correlated with the activity for methane oxidation.     

Cu-Fe基双孔载体催化剂结构和低碳醇合成反应性能

采用超声浸渍法制备了Cu、Fe 双活性组元改性的双孔载体(M)催化剂, 采用N₂物理吸附、H₂程序升温 还原/脱附(H₂-TPR/TPD)、X射线衍射(XRD)等表征手段考察了催化剂中Cu-Fe的相互作用, 并在固定床反应器 中评价了Cu/Fe摩尔比的改变对低碳醇合成反应性能的影响. 结果表明: 小孔硅溶胶浸渍在大孔硅凝胶中可形 成具有不同纳米孔径结构的双孔载体, 增加小孔硅溶胶的含量可促使双孔载体中小孔纳米结构尺寸变小. Fe/ Cu摩尔比的增加有利于铜物种在载体表面的分散, 促进了表层CuO和Fe₂O₃的还原, 加强了双孔载体内孔道 与铜铁氧化物之间的相互作用, 促使了单质铜的分散和铁碳化物的生成. CO加氢反应活性和低碳醇时空收率 随着Fe/Cu 摩尔比的逐渐增加呈现增加的变化趋势. 当Fe/Cu 摩尔比增加到30/20 时, Cu-Fe 基双孔载体催化 剂的CO转化率增加到46%, 低碳醇的时空收率增加到0.21 g·mL^-1·h^-1, C₂₊OH/CH₃OH质量比达到1.96.     

负载型CuO/TiO2催化剂催化CO2加氢制甲醇

采用浸渍法制备了CuO/TiO₂负载型催化剂,并将其用于CO₂加氢制甲醇反应。重点考察了铜的负载量对催化剂性能的影响,并对其物化性能和催化性能之间的关系进行了讨论。结果发现,随着铜负载量的增加,催化剂中金属铜的比表面先增加后减小,当铜的负载量为10%（质量百分数）时达到最大值。催化剂的表面碱性位数量随铜含量的增加持续减小,中等碱位和强碱位的强度下降。当铜的负载量不高于10%时,CO₂的转化率与铜的比表面积呈线性关系。甲醇选择性与催化剂的表面碱位性质有关,过强的碱性位会降低甲醇选择性。     

Characterization of CuO supported on tetragonal ZrO2 catalysts for N2O decomposition to N2

A series of tetragonal zirconia-supported CuO oxide catalysts with various CuO loadings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron spin resonance (ESR), ultraviolet and visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV/vis-DRS), and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) measurements. The results indicate that the dispersion capacity of copper oxide on this support is approximately 8.6 Cu(2+) ions/nm(2) ZrO(2). The state of the resulting supported copper species depends on the CuO loading. At CuO loadings below the dispersion capacity, only highly dispersed copper ion species are present on the surface of t-ZrO(2). In particular, isolated Cu ions are the predominant species at low loadings. In contrast, pair Cu ions become the most abundant species at loadings near the dispersion capacity. It has been proposed that these dispersed CuO (isolated and paired Cu ions) have a symmetric 5-fold-oxygen-coordination symmetry (C(3)(v) symmetry) and can be described as distorted octahedra with a missing corner or a trigonal bipyramids. Finally, at CuO loadings above the dispersion capacity the formation of crystalline CuO is observed. TPR results reveal that the dispersed Cu ion species have a different reducibility from CuO crystallites, presumably due to strong interactions between these species and the t-ZrO(2) support. The catalytic activity of these CuO/t-ZrO(2) catalysts for the decomposition of N(2)O can also be directly correlated to CuO dispersion, with paired Cu ions being the most active species for this reaction.     

负载型CuO/TiO2催化剂催化CO2加氢制甲醇

采用浸渍法制备了CuO/TiO_2负载型催化剂,并将其用于CO2加氢制甲醇反应。重点考察了铜的负载量对催化剂性能的影响,并对其物化性能和催化性能之间的关系进行了讨论。结果发现,随着铜负载量的增加,催化剂中金属铜的比表面先增加后减小,当铜的负载量为10%(质量百分数)时达到最大值。催化剂的表面碱性位数量随铜含量的增加持续减小,中等碱位和强碱位的强度下降。当铜的负载量不高于10%时,CO2的转化率与铜的比表面积呈线性关系。甲醇选择性与催化剂的表面碱位性质有关,过强的碱性位会降低甲醇选择性。     

V2O5-CuO/TiO2催化剂中低温选择性催化NOx还原研究

浸渍法制备了一系列V₂O₅-CuO/TiO₂催化剂,考察中低温(200~300℃)条件下,以氨为还原剂选择性催化还原NO_x的活性,并利用比表面积及微孔孔隙分析仪(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂进行微观表征和分析。结果表明,500℃焙烧的2V16Cu/TiO₂催化剂展示了最佳的中低温催化活性和较宽的活性温度范围,在空速6.0×10⁴ h^-1、225℃条件下,NO_x转化率达97.3%,250℃时达到100%,温度升至300℃,催化活性仍保持在100%。XRD结果表明,随着Cu负载量的增加,逐渐显现CuO的特征峰。结合活性评价数据说明,CuO是VCu/TiO₂催化剂的主要活性组分之一,是降低SCR催化反应温度的重要因素。BET结果表明,CuO的负载对钒钛催化剂的表面结构有较大影响。耐硫性实验结果表明,添加钒氧化物制备的2V16Cu/TiO₂催化剂的抗硫性能有所改善。     

铜物种对Cu/Fe2O3水煤气变换反应催化剂性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了系列铜负载量不同的Cu/Fe₂O₃水煤气变换(WGS)催化剂,并考察了铜负载量对催化剂结构和水煤气变换反应性能的影响. 结果表明,Cu/Fe₂O₃催化剂呈现出良好的水煤气反应性能,当CuO质量分数为20%时,催化剂的WGS性能最优,250 ℃时CO转化率高达97.2%,同时热稳定性也最好. 运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、N₂物理吸脱附和H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等手段对Cu/Fe₂O₃催化剂的物相、织构特征及还原性能进行了表征,结果表明,CuFe₂O₄物种的存在极大地改善了催化剂的还原性能和WGS反应活性. 这是由于CuFe₂O₄特殊的尖晶石结构有利于Cu微晶的稳定;同时,CuFe₂O₄在低温下即被还原为单质铜,有利于促进催化剂体系中电子的转移. 此外,通过(NH₄)₂CO₃溶液处理,研究了独立相CuO对Cu/Fe₂O₃催化剂WGS反应性能的影响,结果发现,独立相CuO的存在,有利于H原子在各组分传递,从而促进催化剂的CuFe₂O₄的还原,改善Cu/Fe₂O₃催化剂的WGS反应性能.