用选择离子流动管质谱测定汽油和柴油蒸汽成分

采用选择离子流动管质谱(SIFT／MS)装置，以H30^ 、N0^ 为初始离子对汽油和柴油蒸汽进行了研究，质谱分析表明，汽油和柴油主要由C—H化合物组成，包括烷烃、环烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、二烯烃以及芳香烃。在这几种成分中，烷烃都占有最大的比例；汽油蒸汽和柴油蒸汽最大的区别是柴油蒸汽中长链大分子的挥发性C—H化合物所占的比例远远高于汽油蒸汽。文中还给出了以H30^ 、N0^ 为初始离子所得到的汽油蒸汽的质谱图，以及汽油、柴油蒸汽中各种成分的定量分析结果。     

煤溶剂萃取物组成的气相色谱/质谱分析

分别采用丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇胺、乙二胺对陕西某一地区煤进行了索氏萃取和搅拌萃取,其中以乙二胺为溶剂,采用简单搅拌萃取的萃取率最高,可达17.1%。建立了气相色谱/质谱法(GC/MS)测定乙二胺和乙醇胺萃取物的分析方法,结果表明:乙二胺萃取物中可检测出53种化合物,主要为芳香烃、脂肪烃、含氮及含氧化合物四类组分。含氮化合物的成分含量最高,气相色谱分析其面积归一化相对含量为75.64%。检测出的乙醇胺萃取物种类较少,与乙二胺萃取物的组成成分也有差别。并对影响萃取率和萃取物组成成分的因素进行了分析。     

富氧条件下Co/ZSM-5催化剂对C_3H_8选择还原NO_x的性能

采用多种物理化学手段研究了在模拟的轻型柴油车尾气中不同Co担载量及Cu掺杂的Co/ZSM-5催化剂的Co组分分散状态、可还原性、NO吸附脱附性质对C3H8选择性催化还原NOx性能的影响。结果表明,浸渍法制备的Co/ZSM-5催化剂上既有外表面上的Co3+和Co2+物种,也有孔内的Co2+离子。富氧条件下Co/ZSM-5催化剂上C3H8选择性催化还原NOx的活性主要与ZSM-5载体孔外表面分散的CoOx物种中的钴离子可还原能力和NO吸附脱附性能密切相关。Co/ZSM-5催化剂上适宜的Co担载量约为4.0wt%,低担载量时随Co担载量增加,表面CoOx物种中钴离子可还原能力增强,C3H8选择性催化还原NOx的低温转化活性增加;高担载量时,随Co担载量增加,单位Co离子的NO吸附量的减少以及催化剂表面活性中心数的减少,导致了Co/ZSM-5催化剂NOx的转化率和催化剂比速率(k)的下降。孔外表面Co3O4晶体的存在使催化剂表面产生较强的NO吸附,并在高温时有利于C3H8的氧化燃烧,使C3H8选择性催化还原NOx的活性降低。     

柴油机尾气净化催化剂的最新研究进展

柴油机尾气排放的污染物已经引起了严重的环境污染问题,催化净化技术是柴油机尾气污染治理必不可少和最有效的处理技术之一,而高效催化剂的研制和开发是催化净化技术的核心.本文以柴油机尾气中最难处理的两种污染物NOx和碳烟颗粒(PM)的催化处理技术为主线,综述了NOx的催化还原(选择性催化还原(SCR)和贮存还原(NSR))催化剂、碳烟的催化燃烧催化剂、NOx和碳烟颗粒同时消除的催化剂及柴油机尾气四效催化剂的最新研究进展,并总结性地提出了目前该研究方向存在的主要问题和发展方向.     

担载型Co/ZSM-5催化剂表面Co组分结构与柴油车NO_x净化性能

在摸拟轻型柴油车尾气的反应装置上,结合多种物理化学手段研究了富氧条件下Co/ZSM-5催化剂上Co组分分散状态及其C3H8选择性催化还原NOx性能.结果表明,浸渍法制备的Co/ZSM-5催化剂,ZSM-5表面Co的分散容量约为4.5%,当Co担载量高于4.5%时,Co物种开始在分子筛表面聚集形成Co3O4晶体,发生在Co3O4晶体上强的NOx吸附脱附,对富氧条件下C3H8选择性催化还原NOx是不利的.催化剂上孔内的钴物种主要以Co2+离子形式存在,而孔外表面既存在Co3+物种,也存在Co2+物种,Co3+的相对量随Co担载量的增加而增大.在催化剂孔外表面形成的以Co3+和Co2+结合的含有Co-Co键的低聚态Co Ox物种具有较合适的NOx吸附脱附性能和较强的氧化还原性,是富氧条件下C3H8选择性催化还原NOx反应的主要活性中心,反应需要在相邻的两个Co2+和Co3+活性位上完成.     

通过对映选择性质子化实现吲哚的不对称C—H官能团化反应研究

研究了醋酸铑[Rh2(OAc)4]与手性磷酸共催化的芳基重氮乙酸酯对吲哚化合物的不对称C—H官能团化反应,通过对吲哚C—H官能团化反应质子转移机制的研究,提出了通过不对称质子化实现金属卡宾与吲哚的C—H不对称官能团化反应的新策略.通过吲哚C—H官能团化反应氘代实验证明,在金属卡宾对N-烷基吲哚的碳氢官能团化中,质子迁移是一个分子间的反应,需要借助一个"质子梭"试剂完成,因此通过应用"手性质子梭"催化的不对称质子化有望实现反应的对映选择控制.通过选用手性磷酸作为"手性质子梭"实现了吲哚C—H官能团化反应的不对称催化,重氮化合物在醋酸铑的催化下形成金属卡宾,金属卡宾与吲哚反应生成潜手性的离子对中间体,在催化剂量的手性磷酸存在下,质子迁移通过双功能的手性磷酸完成,通过手性磷酸对潜手性的离子对中间体的不对称质子化实现了反应的对映选择性控制.反应给出了优秀的产率(最高可达99%),良好到优秀的对映选择性(最高可达94%ee),且此反应对其他N-芳基和N-硅基吲哚也有良好的反应兼容性.     

富氧条件下氮氧化物的选择性催化还原Ⅱ.Ag/Al2O3催化剂上含氧有机物选择性还原NOx的性能

 在富氧条件下分别以含氧有机物甲醇、乙醇、乙醛和乙酸等为还原剂,考察了Ag/Al2O3对NOx选择性催化还原的活性. 结果表明,当银负载量为4%时,催化剂具有最高的催化活性. 在整个实验温度范围内,乙醇较丙烯具有更高的还原NOx的活性,且操作温度范围更宽(300~610 ℃),NOx脱除率可高达90%,更加适合柴油机尾气中NOx的净化. 添加10%的水可提高乙醇还原NOx的低温活性. 随着乙醇浓度的增加,NOx转化率显著提高. 在相同的浓度下,甲醇和乙酸还原脱除NOx的效率较低; 而乙醛还原脱除NOx的效率与乙醇相当. 原位红外光谱研究结果表明,反应过程中生成大量吸附态的烯醇式物种(CH2∶CHO-)是乙醇和乙醛呈现较高还原活性的主要原因.     

杂多酸催化松香裂解产物中非挥发性油成分分析

杂多酸 (HPA)可有效催化松香的裂解 ,其主产物为中性、非挥发性油状物。文章利用气相色谱 /质谱 (GC/MS)联用技术对该产物成分进行了分析 ,共分离出 67个峰 ;通过与数据库标准图谱进行对照 ,鉴定出了绝大部分化合物 ;其中 2 1种化合物含量较高 ,占油状物总含量的 88.2 3 % ,主要是由松香裂解和氧化产生的环烯烃、芳香烃和芳香酮等。     

过渡金属催化芳香烃C—H活化/C—O键偶联反应的研究进展

C—H活化直接从C—H键出发,不需要对底物进行预先官能团化就能够直接构建C—O键,具有简单快速、原子经济等特点.过渡金属催化的芳香烃C—H活化/C—O偶联反应已成为构建酚、芳基醚和酚酯等多种有机化合物的重要方法,是当前有机化学的研究热点之一.按照不同种类的过渡金属(钯、铜、钌和钴等)和反应类型进行分类,综述了近年来过渡金属催化的芳香烃C—H活化/C—O偶联反应的研究进展,并对代表性反应的机理做了简要说明和比较.另外,对这一领域目前所存在的问题和局限性进行分析,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

氮掺杂多孔炭负载镍纳米粒子对高温煤焦油的催化加氢转化（英文）

通过对生长在石墨相氮化碳两侧的镍基沸石咪唑酸盐骨架材料进行热分解,制备了一种新型的高活性氮掺杂多孔炭负载的镍基催化剂Ni@N-PC,并将其用于高温煤焦油异丙醇超声萃取物的催化加氢转化。催化剂的镍纳米颗粒主要包裹在碳纳米管的顶端,部分分散在碳纳米薄片表面。以1-萘酚为模型化合物,考察了催化剂在不同反应条件下的催化加氢转化活性,揭示了其催化反应机理。并利用GC/MS分析了高温煤焦油异丙醇超声萃取物及其加氢转化产物。结果表明,1-萘酚在120°C反应2 h有70%转化,在200°C反应2 h后完全转化,高温煤焦油异丙醇超声萃取物经加氢后得到大幅改质。高温煤焦油异丙醇超声萃取物中共检测到180种有机物,其中,含氮有机物33种,含硫有机物11种,含氧化合物39种,而经加氢转化后的产物中未检测到含氧、氮、硫等杂原子化合物,说明催化剂Ni@N-PC具有良好的去除杂原子的性能。经加氢后所有的烯烃、环烯和炔烃饱和,大部分芳烃转化为环烷烃,说明催化剂Ni@N-PC具有较高的催化加氢活性。     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Regiospecific synthesis of quercetin O-β-d-glucosylated and O-β-d-glucuronidated isomers

Quercetin, the polyphenolic compound, which has the highest daily intake, is well known for its protective effects against aging diseases and has received a lot of attention for this reason. Both quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucuronide and quercetin 3′-O-β-d-glucuronide are human metabolites, which, together with their regioisomers, are required for biological as well as physical chemistry studies. We present here a novel synthetic route based on the sequential and selective protections of the hydroxyl functions of quercetin allowing selective glycosylation, followed by TEMPO-mediated oxidation to the glucuronide. This methodology enabled us to synthesize the five O-β-d-glucosides and four O-β-d-glucuronides of quercetin, including the major human metabolite, quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucuronide.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Deuterodehalogenation—a mild method for synthesising deuterated heterocycles

We report a mild and efficient method for introducing deuterium into a range of heterocycles by reacting readily available halide analogues in a deuterodehalogenation reaction using D₈-IPA or Et₃SiD under palladium-catalysed conditions.     

The conversion of 2-cyano cyanothioformanilides into 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitriles using triphenylphosphine

2-Cyano cyanothioformanilide 3a reacts with triphenylphosphine in the presence of water to give 2-(cyanomethyleneamino)benzonitrile 4a, 2-(cyanomethylamino)benzonitrile 5, 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitrile 2a and (2-cyanoindol-3-yl)iminotriphenylphosphorane 6a. In the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid in MeOH the reaction between 2-cyano cyanothioformanilide 3a and triphenylphosphine (2 equiv) gives 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitrile 2a in 90% yield. Under the same conditions 2-(cyanomethyleneamino)benzonitrile 4a gives anthranilonitrile 8a, 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitrile 2a and N-(2-cyanophenyl)formamide 9. In addition, substituted 2-cyano cyanothioformanilides 3b-f react with triphenylphosphine and p-toluenesulfonic acid in MeOH to give 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitriles 2b-f in 63-75% yields. Under analogous conditions 2-cyano-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl cyanothioformanilide 2g gives only 4,5-dimethoxyanthranilonitrile 8g and 4,6,7-trimethoxyquinazoline-2-carbonitrile 14g, but in refluxing dry PhMe in the absence of p-toluenesulfonic acid 2-cyano-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl cyanothioformanilide 3g, (2-cyano-5,6-dimethoxyindol-3-yl)iminotriphenylphosphorane 6g and 2-(cyanomethyleneamino)-4,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile 4g are obtained. The structure of 2-(cyanomethyleneamino)-4,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile 4g is supported unambiguously via independent synthesis and comparison to the isomeric 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-2-carbonitrile 15. All new compounds are fully characterised and a tentative mechanism for the transformation of 2-cyano cyanothioformanilides to indoles is proposed.     

Sulfur-mediated C(sp2)–H imidation and 1,2-imidofluorination of vinyl sulfides

A new strategy for the C(sp²)–H imidation and 1,2-imidofluorination of vinylsulfides has been established through simple treatment with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide, which acts as both oxidant and nitrogen source. For alkyl and electron-rich aryl vinylsulfides, alkyl/arylthioenamines are produced in up to 92% total yields. However, for steric and electron-deficient aryl vinylsulfides, 1,2-imidofluorination products are prepared in up to 73% yields. The chemoselectivity is controlled by the steric and electronic effects of aryl substituents. Thionium ions are proposed as key intermediates in the two reactions.     

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of chalcones and arylidene-1,3-dicarbonyls with diazosulfone for the regioselective synthesis of functionalized pyrazoles and pyrazolines

A convenient method for the synthesis of 3-acylpyrazoles and pyrazole-3-carboxylates using diazosulfone as a reactive 1,3-dipole and a diazomethane equivalent is reported here. Chalcones, arylidenemalonates and other arylidene-1,3-dicarbonyls performed well as the dipolarophiles in the reaction with the diazosulfone which took place under simple base mediated conditions (Cs₂CO₃ or NaOEt in EtOH). In few cases, the initial cycloadducts, the intermediate pyrazoline derivatives, could also be isolated and characterized. The pyrazoline derivatives undergo an alkoxide mediated 1,4-elimination, viz. decarboxylation-detosylation to afford the pyrazole derivatives.