La1—xMxCoO3（M=Ca,Sr）还原性的研究

以XPS和XRD手段研究了La_(1-x)M_xCoO_3复合氧化物的还原性质,得到还原程度次序为La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_3>La_(1-x)Ca_xCoO_3>LaCoO_3;相同离子取代系列随x增大,还原容易进行,探讨了取代钴酸镧的氢还原机理。     

LaMnO3和La0.927Φ0.073MnO3的结构与性能的对比研究

合成了两个稀土复合氧化物ＬａＭｎＯ３和Ｌａ０．９２７Φ０．０７３ＭｎＯ３，并对其进行了结构、电阻率、ＸＰＳ表面分析、水汽转化及二氧化碳甲烷化反应的催化性能测定。初步解释了结构与性能的关系。     

复合氧化物光催化研究进展

综述了ABO3钙钛矿复合氧化物及以TiO2为基础的复合氧化物的光催化研究进展，探讨了光催化降解机理、光催化剂的应用，影响光催化效率的因素及提高光催化性能的途径等方面的内容，并展望了今后的工作重点及发展方向。     

La1—xMxCoO3（M=Ca,Sr）表面状态的XPS研究

合成了一系列钙钛矿复合氧化物La_(1-x)M_(?)CoO_3(M=Ca,Sr),并用XPS研究了LaCoO_3中的La~(3+)部分被Ca~(2+)或Sr~(2+)取代后表面状态的变化。由XPS的O_(10)谱图拟合得到的吸附氧O(2)百分数与取代量x呈现规律性变化。对Ca_(2p)与Sr_(3d)谱图也进行峰拟合处理,其中结合能较高的Sr(2)、Ca(2)可指认为周围有氧离子缺位物种。Ca(2)或Sr(2)百分数与吸附氧百分数的关系可用取代后表面状态的变化来解释。     

钙钛矿型复合氧化物光催化研究进展

扼要叙述了钙钛矿型复合氧化物(ABO3)作为光催化剂的研究进展。包括结构,机理,制备,改性和研究现状。强调了结构与性能之间的关系并对其研究方向提出了自己的见解。     

Ni系钙钛矿氧化物导电性及其CO氧化活性

本文考查了Ni系钙钛矿类希土复合氧化物在不同气氛条件下电导率随温度的变化情况，结合活性评价结果，初步探索了结构、活性及导电率之间的关系。研究结果表明：在测定温度范围内，LaNiO₃具有金属导电性，而La₂NiO₄和LaSrNiO₄为p型半导体；电导率与CO氧化活性之间存在相互对应的关系，其大小顺序均为LaNiO₃>LaSrNiO₄>La₂NiO₄。     

SrFe1.5-xCoxO3.25+δ体系结构、相组成和电导研究

利用碘量法测定了SrFe_1.5-xCo_xO_3.25+δ系列样品在不同温度下的金属平均价态,结合XRD谱图研究了温度、钴含量对其结构、相组成的变化的影响规律。研究发现:随钻含量增加,体系由层状相过渡到钙钛矿相,并伴随有尖晶石相的出现。此外,由交流四端子法测量了SrFe_1.5-xCo_xO_3.25+δ系列样品的总电导率随钴含量的变化关系,总电导率随钻含量和温度的升高而增大,但对于钻     

含镧复合氧化物的合成及其电催化性能

合成了一系列Ｌａ－Ｎｉ－Ｒｕ钙钛矿型复合氧化物，通过ＸＲＤ等测试，讨论了影响复合氧化物合成的因素。采用复合电镀法，将该复合氧化物制成阴极，并进行氢极化曲、连续电极及抗反电流性能测试，证明该复合氧化物具有良好的电催化活性。     

钙钛矿氧化物的结构调控及电磁特性研究进展

钙钛矿氧化物因具有独特的结构以及较高的热稳定性在微波吸收领域受到广泛关注,较为常见的电磁调控手段为在钙钛矿结构中掺入不同的离子,但掺杂前后的结构变化及其与电磁吸波特性之间的关联仍待进一步探究。基于此,本论文详细论述了钙钛矿Mn氧化物、Co氧化物、Fe氧化物等的研究进展,阐明了掺杂产生的畸变效应和离子价态变化引起的双交换作用影响磁性、电导率及电磁特性的机制,明晰了钙钛矿氧化物的结构和吸波机理,并指出了存在的问题及以后的发展方向。     

Functional Metal Oxides in Perovskite Solar Cells

As extremely important inorganic materials, metal oxides play an irreplaceable role in solid perovskite solar cells. In this review, the preparation methods of metal oxides, their effects on the perovskite optoelectronic devices incorporated with the energy level compatibility of perovskite materials are provided. Finally, the possible reactions between interfaces during growth progress as well as passivation mechanism of some metal oxides to perovskite materials are discussed. The physical, chemical, and electrical properties of functional metal oxides endow the enhancement of the efficiency and stability of perovskite photovoltaic devices.     

Partial Oxidation of Methane Over the Perovskite Oxides

Introduction The conversion of methane to syngas is a very appealing route for the conversion of the large reserves of natural gas1, from which a wide variety of valuable hydrocarbons and oxygenates, such as methanol and formaldehyde, can be synthesized. A great research effort is presently being carried out on the catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas2. In the present work, two oxides with the perovskite structure, Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3- and Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Ti0.2O3-?were sys…     

Recent progress in catalytic NO decomposition

Recent progress in catalytic direct NO decomposition is overviewed, focusing on metal oxide-based catalysts. Since the discovery of the Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst in the early 1990s, various kinds of catalytic materials such as perovskites, C-type cubic rare earth oxides, and alkaline earth based oxides have been reported to effectively catalyze direct NO decomposition. Although the activities of conventional catalysts are poor in the presence of coexisting O₂ and CO₂, some of the catalysts reviewed in this article possess significant tolerance toward these coexisting gases. The active sites for direct NO decomposition are different depending on the types of metal oxide-based catalysts. In the case of perovskite type oxides, oxide anion vacancies act as catalytically active sites on which NO molecules are adsorbed. C-type cubic rare earth oxides contain oxide anion vacancies with large cavity space, enabling easy access of NO molecules and their subsequent adsorption. Surface basic sites on alkaline earth based oxides participate in NO decomposition as active sites on which NO molecules are adsorbed as NO₂⁻ species. The reaction mechanisms of direct NO decomposition are also discussed.     

钙钛矿同质结太阳电池研究进展

钙钛矿太阳电池制备工艺简单,效率提升迅速,被认为是最具应用潜力的新一代光伏技术之一。近年来,大量研究表明,钙钛矿光电材料可以通过自掺杂或外源掺杂的方式实现薄膜导电类型(p型或n型)的定向调控;而具有双层薄膜结构的钙钛矿p-n同质结可以通过薄膜双沉积技术制备,这为钙钛矿同质结太阳电池的设计与制备提供了技术基础。新型钙钛矿同质结太阳电池摒弃传统的电子传输层和空穴传输层,可简化电池结构,不仅有利于提升电池工作稳定性,降低成本,更能进一步释放钙钛矿太阳电池在柔性和半透明应用中的潜力,推动钙钛矿电池的实用化进程。本文围绕钙钛矿同质结太阳电池,综述了钙钛矿光电材料p/n特性掺杂和钙钛矿同质结的研究进展,讨论了钙钛矿同质结太阳电池的基本结构和工作原理,并对其当前存在的技术问题和应用前景进行了总结与展望。     

Enhanced active site extraction from perovskite LaCoO_3 using encapsulated PdO for efficient CO_2 methanation

The extraction of metallic nanoparticles from perovskite-type oxides(ABO₃) under mild reducing conditions is a novel way to prepare well-dispersed supported catalysts(B/AOd). Herein, we found that the encapsulated PdO in perovskite LaCoO_3(PdO@LaCoO_3) could facilitate the phase transformation of the perovskite structure at a low temperature owing to both strong H2 spillover of Pd and intimate interaction between the encapsulated PdO and LaCoO₃. The pure LaCoO₃ without PdO was relatively inert to CO₂ hydrogenation(CO₂ conversion <4%). In contrast, PdO@LaCoO₃ exhibited excellent CO₂ methanation performance with 62.3% CO₂ conversion and >99% CH4 selectivity. The characterization results demonstrated that the catalytically active Co2 C was in-situ formed by carburization of the extracted Co0 during CO₂ methanation for the PdO@LaCoO₃ sample. Whereas, the LaCoO₃ with surface supported PdO(PdO/LaCoO₃) showed a weak interaction and remained a perovskite structure with few Co₂C active centers after the catalytic reaction, which was similar to the parent LaCoO₃. Accordingly, the PdO/LaCoO₃ showed an inferior catalytic performance with 31.8% CO₂ conversion and 87.4% CH₄ selectivity. Therefore, the designed encapsulation structure of PdO within perovskite is critical to extract metallic NPs from perovskite-type oxides, which has the potential to prepare other integrated nanocatalysts based on perovskite-type oxides.     

Application of supported perovskite-type catalysts for vehicular emission control

Catalytic control of auto-exhaust emissions is one of the most successful applications of heterogeneous catalysis, both in commercial and environmental point of views. Although noble metal-based catalysts have dominated this area, efforts were always put in towards development of low cost non-noble metal-based catalysts. With the recent need of closed-coupled catalytic converter, thermal stability requirements have also become more severe, leading to the search for stable catalytic materials. Mixed oxides, including those perovskite type compounds with ABO₃ structure have been extensively studied, mainly for their catalytic and electrical properties. Low surface area of these catalysts has so far been the most important limitation for their catalytic applications involving high space velocities, e.g. auto-exhaust catalysis. Various synthesis routes have been earlier attempted to improve their surface area, yet this was much inferior than the noble metal catalysts, dispersed on high surface area alumina. The in situ synthesis of these oxides on alumina is often associated with the formation of undesired phases, due to the reactive nature of perovskite precursors. However, alumina washcoat, commonly used for improving the surface area of ceramic and metallic catalyst supports, can be modified for perovskite applications. In situ synthesis of stabilized perovskites on modified alumina-washcoated supports offer high surface area and excellent catalyst adhesion. Although, it is difficult to ascertain the presence of pure perovskite type materials on support, such improved synthesis has resulted in remarkable improvement in their catalytic activity for their applications in auto-exhaust catalytic converters. This review presents our work on synthesis of various improved perovskite-type mixed oxides supported on modified alumina-washcoated cordierite honeycomb, their characterization, and detailed catalytic evaluations for possible application in automobile pollution control.     

负载型La0.8Sr0.2MnO3燃烧催化剂的载体效应

Combustion catalysts La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 supported on γ-Al2O3, α-Al2O3, cordierite (2MgO•2Al2O3•5SiO2) and ZrO2 were compared. Further investigation was focused on LSM/ γ-Al2O3 catalyst. It was observed that LSM/γ－Al2O3 catalyst loaded with 20% (mass fraction) LSM (La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 or corresponding oxides), heated at 750℃ or above, perovskite-type oxides were found by XRD examination, whereas, the same catalyst loaded with 10% or less LSM, perovskite oxides were absent, calcination temperature about 750℃ is necessary for the formation of perovskite structure in LSM/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. High activity of complete oxidation of xylen will be obtained when perovskite-type oxides.
Investigation of TPR showed that neat LSM or LSM/γ-Al2O3(20%) was reduced by H2-N2 mixed gas. Two degradation processes took place. In the first, reduced temperature peak was about 350 - 450℃. If reduction ended at 400℃, perovskite structure was retained, which may be due to the reduction of Mn3+to Mn2+ on the surface of LSM only. In the second process, perovskite structure was destroied, and La2O3, Mn2O3, Mn - Sr - O oxides could be obtained, which took place in the temperature range 685 - 750℃ and ended at 800℃. This was proved by TPR experiments (Fig. 3, 5) and XRD patterns (Fig. 4)
Catalysts LSM/γ-Al2O3(10% or 20%) heated at 500℃ have only one TPR peak, i. e. lower temperature peak. This is due to the absence of perovskite-type oxides in the catalysts. However, neat LSM or LSM/γ-Al2O3(20%) heated 750℃ or above, not only the first low temperature TPR peak but also the second peak, which is contributed by the perovskite-type oxides in these catalysts appeared. Therefore, the second TPR peak, i. e. the higher temperatue peak is a characteristic peak for perovskite-type oxides in the reduced process. When LSM/ γ-Al2O3 (10%) catalys is heated at 750℃, no perovskite-type oxides were detected by XRD, and the second reduction peak was absent also in TPR process. \
The order of the second reduction peak temperature(characteristic peak of perovskite - type ox- ides) is: neat LSM(750℃）> LSM/γ-Al2O3 20% (685-698℃) -deposited LSM/γ-Al2O3 (698℃) > LSM/γ-Al2O3 15% (677 - 680℃) >(LSM/γ-AL2O3 10% 620 - 630℃, for Mn - Al - O medium oxides on surface). It is correleted with the increasing of the effect of support sequentially.
When LSM/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were heated at 900℃, more stable phase, spinel MnAl2O4 appeared, which could be proved by TPR of model catalyst MnAl2O4/γ-Al2O3.     

钙钛矿阵列化组装及其多功能探测器的应用

钙钛矿材料优异的光电性能使其在高集成、 高性能、 多功能光电探测领域具有广泛的应用前景. 近年来, 科研人员致力于钙钛矿阵列化探测器的研究, 并取得了一系列重要的成果. 本文重点评述了钙钛矿材料的阵列化及其多功能探测器的制备和应用, 介绍了钙钛矿材料的结构分类、 阵列化集成方法及光电探测器的基本器件类型和性能指标, 并进一步阐述了基于钙钛矿一维阵列的高性能光电探测器及其多功能探测器的相关应用研究进展. 最后, 对该研究领域未来的发展方向进行了总结和展望.