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1.
高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术的应用进展   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术具有高分离能力、高灵敏度、应用范围广和极强的专属性等特点。对高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术在药物分析、食品分析和环境分析等领域的应用,特别是在中草药成分分析、中药指纹图谱研究、药物代谢研究、体内药代动力学研究、西药及中成药成分分析、药物筛选研究等方面的应用进行了综述。  相似文献   

2.
药物种类按照分子量来划分可以分为小分子药物(自然提取或化学合成的)和大分子药物(生物制剂). 尽管目前小分子药物仍然是市场的主流, 但其研发增速趋缓, 而大分子药物在药物研发中的地位日渐突显, 并被预期在未来药物市场中占据越来越高的份额. 除了生物制剂大分子药物, 将小分子药物与天然或合成大分子结合制备得到的化学合成大分子药物, 近年来受到药物研究者们越来越多的关注. 由于大分子具有丰富的骨架结构及空间构架, 其所特有的骨架效应、多价效应, 以及通过分子组装而产生的聚集效应和靶向效应等, 能够为药物化学的设计带来更多新的可能. 有鉴于此, 本综述将简略介绍药物化学设计中的大分子效应, 重点讨论合成大分子的骨架效应、多价效应、聚集效应和靶向效应等为药物化学设计所带来的新性能. 通过对药物化学中大分子效应所带来的优势、问题和重要研究进展的探讨, 以期能够推动化学合成大分子药物的发展, 为药物化学设计提供新的思路.  相似文献   

3.
赵超  蔡宗苇 《化学进展》2021,33(4):503-511
生物体多器官的空间异质性导致环境污染物在生物体内的毒性分子机制错综复杂。基于传统化学和生物分析的环境毒理学研究,通常将研究对象看作“均一”整体,无法从空间上准确定位污染物及其代谢。以质谱成像和组学分析为基础的技术,同时对污染物、污染物代谢活化途径及其诱导的生物分子进行定性、定量和空间分析,从而确定污染物迁移、生物学效应及其毒性作用的靶器官,是目前最有前景的分析方法之一。本文综述了质谱成像和组学研究策略和特征,介绍了本课题组在相关领域取得的研究进展。同时简单展望了单细胞质谱成像、微流控芯片-质谱成像联合策略等先进技术在环境毒理研究中的潜在应用。  相似文献   

4.
固状与粘稠状辅剂常用于制造颗粒、片剂、胶囊或膏状药品,并能有效地保持药效成分活性的稳定性。基于固相基底的敞开式电喷雾电离质谱技术已被发展用于药品的直接分析。然而,固状与粘稠状基质对药物分子直接质谱检测的影响规律还不明确。该研究构建了不同黏度和不同溶解度的基质体系,采用木签(牙签)为代表的固相基底电喷雾电离质谱考察了几种模式药物分子在固状与粘稠状基质中的质谱响应规律。结果发现,易溶解的基质电离产生显著的离子干扰和抑制效应,而难溶的基质尽管不产生离子干扰,但在溶剂作用下可变成粘稠状从而抑制药物的离子化。进一步研究表明,药物分子的质谱信号随着基质的黏度增加(1~500 cP)呈幂函数降低(r 2>0.95)。该研究将增进理解固体与粘稠样品直接质谱分析的基质效应与信号响应规律。  相似文献   

5.
物证分析对于案件侦破及法庭诉讼均具有重要作用.新兴质谱技术因其直接、快速、灵敏和无损等特点在物证分析中得到广泛应用.本文综述了国内外几种新兴质谱技术在检测爆炸物、违禁药物、潜指纹及真伪文件笔迹等物证中的应用研究实例,并展望了质谱新技术在物证分析方面的发展前景.  相似文献   

6.
药物小分子与生物体内靶分子之间的相互作用,是药物发挥其药理活性的重要途径之一。因此,高通量地筛选出能够与生物靶分子相互作用且具有生物活性的药物小分子,对于新药开发研究具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。超滤质谱技术是超滤装置与质谱技术结合后形成的一种新的分析方法,它能够在液相条件下快速识别并鉴定出与生物靶分子结合的药物小分子配体。与其他分析方法相比,超滤质谱技术具有快速、灵敏、高通量的特点,因而被广泛应用于研究药物小分子和生物靶分子相互作用。本文综述了超滤质谱技术的原理、特点和实验操作中的一些关键问题。重点介绍了超滤质谱技术在药物小分子与生物靶分子相互作用研究中的应用进展,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

7.
液相色谱-质谱分析中的基质效应   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9  
介绍了液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)分析中基质效应的产生机制、来源、评定方法和消除措施.基质效应由共流出的分析物和基质的竞争以及影响接口的离子化效率所致,主要来源于生物样品中的内源性组分和样品处理后引入的杂质.不同批次的生物样品,其基质效应存在差异,可通过柱后注射法和提取后添加法2种方法评定基质效应.实例介绍了基质效应、提取回收率和整个方法过程效率的具体计算方法.基质效应可能影响LC-MS方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度,通过样品前处理、氘代内标的使用、色谱分离、质谱分析等过程的优化可有效消除基质效应.  相似文献   

8.
卞愧  林涛  刘敏  杨建文  王宗楠  贺利民 《色谱》2014,32(2):162-168
建立了气相色谱-质谱法测定猪可食性组织中克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇及莱克多巴胺3种β-兴奋剂残留的分析方法,评价了基质的状态和重量等因素对基质效应的影响。用N,O-双三甲基硅基三氟乙酰胺衍生,气相色谱-质谱选择离子监测模式测定猪肝和肌肉组织及其相应冻干粉中3种药物残留及其基质效应强度,均显示显著的基质增强效应,特别是莱克多巴胺的基质效应超过1000%。方差分析表明,不同基质重量的基质效应差异显著(P0.05),样品重量在1~5 g范围内,3种药物的基质效应随样品重量增加而增大;猪肝和猪肉鲜样与其相应冻干粉的基质效应差异均不显著(P0.05)。选择猪组织的冻干粉配制基质匹配标准溶液,能够有效、方便地校正气相色谱-质谱测定β-兴奋剂残留的基质效应。  相似文献   

9.
诱导效应指数用于吲哚类生物碱质谱特征预测   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
在原有质谱裂解理论的基础上, 结合诱导效应指数, 通过比较吲哚生物碱中两类不同化学环境中的氮原子(吲哚环上的氮原子Na和侧链上的氮原子Nb)周围取代基诱导效应指数, 对质谱碰撞过程中电荷定域及吲哚生物碱的质谱特征进行了预测, 结果与标准物质质谱数据完全相同. 建立了利用比较杂原子诱导指数从化合物结构直接预测吲哚生物碱质谱特征的新方法. 该方法可用于吲哚生物碱和其它含氮化合物及其代谢产物的质谱特征的预测.  相似文献   

10.
对并列式液滴微连接表面采样探针(LMJ-SSP)质谱技术在大鼠体内药物分布分析中的应用进行了研究。质谱检测方式采用自制的常压敞开式空气动力辅助离子化质谱(AFAI-MS)技术。通过优化其主要的探针系统参数(吸液毛细管长度24 cm;出液流速7.5μL/min;采样端距切片表面距离20μm),建立了LMJ-SSP系统,并以10-羟基喜树碱为标准品,通过在空白大鼠组织切片中添加药物的方式,对组织中的药物进行检测,并对LMJ-SSP-AFAI-MS方法的稳定性和检测结果的平行性进行了考察。在此基础上,以抗癌候选药物S-(+)-去氧娃儿藤宁碱(CAT)为研究对象,采用鼠尾静脉注射的方式给药后制作整体动物组织切片,采用LMJ-SSP-AFAI-MS方法对药物在大鼠整体组织切片中各主要脏器内的含量分布进行了分析,其结果为CAT的药效及毒副作用的解释提供了分析依据。LMJ-SSP-AFAI-MS方法适合于开放环境下大体积物体表面的质谱分析检测,且具有灵敏度高、不受复杂基体影响等特点,有望为动物体内候选新药的分布特征分析提供一种新手段。  相似文献   

11.
Micafungin (MCF) is an antifungal agent of the echinocandin class approved in Europe both in adults and in children for the treatment of invasive candidiasis. Few analytical methods for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of this drug have been described so far. In this paper, we describe a rapid and validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the measurement of MCF in plasma. MCF was analyzed in 100-μL plasma samples over a wide range of concentrations (0.1–20 μg/mL) by LC-MS/MS after protein precipitation. The suitability of the assay for TDM was evaluated by using plasma samples from pediatric patients who received MCF for the treatment of invasive candidiasis. The overall turnaround time for the assay was 20 min. The lower limit of quantification of the method was 0.1 ng/mL. No ion suppression due to matrix effects was found with different pre-analytical conditions, such as hemolysis, lipemia, and hyperuricemia. A simple and rapid LC-MS/MS method which provides high specificity, precision, and accuracy for quantification of MCF in plasma has been developed and validated.  相似文献   

12.
Small cell lung cancer is a rapidly growing neoplasm with high mortality. A recently discovered biomarker, pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), is used as a specific diagnostic marker for the disease. The present methods of quantification are based on the immunoassay techniques RIA and ELISA. Our object was to develop an LC-MS method for the detection and quantification of ProGRP using specific tryptic digestion products from the recombinant peptide ProGRP (31-98), a sequence common to three isoforms of ProGRP. The conditions for enzymatic cleavage were optimized and MS compatibility was obtained. Digestion of ProGRP (31-98) yielded an array of peptide products and these were evaluated for further method development. The peptide product NLLGLIEAK proved to be the preferable candidate to monitor ProGRP due to signal intensity, column retention, and peptide specificity. The identity of this product was verified by means of LC-MS/MS and the linearity of the calibration curve evaluated. LOD was calculated to be 13.9 pg on column (O.C.). Plasma samples spiked with ProGRP (31-98) prior to digestion verified the suitability of this digest product for the determination of ProGRP. LC-MS may prove to be a valuable tool for biomarker mediated diagnosis in the future.  相似文献   

13.
The combination of mass and normalized elution time (NET) of a peptide identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) measurements can serve as a unique signature for that peptide. However, the specificity of an LC-MS measurement depends upon the complexity of the proteome (i.e., the number of possible peptides) and the accuracy of the LC-MS measurements. In this work, theoretical tryptic digests of all predicted proteins from the genomes of three organisms of varying complexity were evaluated for specificity. Accuracy of the LC-MS measurement of mass-NET pairs (on a 0 to 1.0 NET scale) was described by bivariate normal sampling distributions centered on the peptide signatures. Measurement accuracy (i.e., mass and NET standard deviations of +/-0.1, 1, 5, and 10 ppm, and +/-0.01 and 0.05, respectively) was varied to evaluate improvements in process quality. The spatially localized confidence score, a conditional probability of peptide uniqueness, formed the basis for the peptide identification. Application of this approach to organisms with comparatively small proteomes, such as Deinococcus radiodurans, shows that modest mass and elution time accuracies are generally adequate for confidently identifying most peptides. For more complex proteomes, more accurate measurements are required. However, the study suggests that the majority of proteins for even the human proteome should be identifiable with reasonable confidence by using LC-MS measurements with mass accuracies within +/-1 ppm and high efficiency separations having elution time measurements within +/-0.01 NET.  相似文献   

14.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are products of the incomplete combustion of organic materials and, therefore, occur ubiquitously in the environment and also in tobacco smoke. Since some PAH have been classified as carcinogens, it is important to have access to suitable analytical methods for biomarkers of exposure to this class of compounds. Past experience has shown that measuring a profile of PAH metabolites is more informative than metabolites of a single PAH. Assessment of environmental and smoking-related exposure levels requires analytical methods with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, these methods should be fast enough to allow high throughput. With these pre-conditions in mind, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS) for the determination of phenolic metabolites of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene in urine of smokers and non-smokers. Sample work-up comprised enzymatic hydrolysis of urinary conjugates and solid-phase extraction on C18 cartridges. The method showed good specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for the intended purpose and was also sufficiently rapid with a sample throughput of about 350 per week. Application to urine samples of 100 smokers and 50 non-smokers showed significant differences between both groups for all measured PAH metabolites, and strong correlations with markers of daily smoke exposure in smoker urine. Urinary levels were in good agreement with previously reported data using different methodologies. In conclusion, the developed LC-MS/MS method is suitable for the quantification of phenolic PAH metabolites of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene in smoker and non-smoker urine.  相似文献   

15.
16.
A comparative analysis of protein identification for a total of 162 protein spots separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis from two fully sequenced archaea, Methanococcus jannaschii and Pyrococcus furiosus, using MALDI-TOF peptide mass mapping (PMM) and mu LC-MS/MS is presented. 100% of the gel spots analyzed were successfully matched to the predicted proteins in the two corresponding open reading frame databases by mu LC-MS/MS while 97% of them were identified by MALDI-TOF PMM. The high success rate from the PMM resulted from sample desalting/concentrating with ZipTip(C18) and optimization of several PMM search parameters including a 25 ppm average mass tolerance and the application of two different protein molecular weight search windows. By using this strategy, low-molecular weight (<23 kDa) proteins could be identified unambiguously with less than 5 peptide matches. Nine percent of spots were identified as containing multiple proteins. By using mu LC-MS/MS, 50% of the spots analyzed were identified as containing multiple proteins. mu LC-MS/MS demonstrated better protein sequence coverage than MALDI-TOF PMM over the entire mass range of proteins identified. MALDI-TOF and PMM produced unique peptide molecular weight matches that were not identified by mu LC-MS/MS. By incorporating amino acid sequence modifications into database searches, combined sequence coverage obtained from these two complimentary ionization methods exceeded 50% for approximately 70% of the 162 spots analyzed. This improved sequence coverage in combination with enzymatic digestions of different specificity is proposed as a method for analysis of post-translational modification from 2D-gel separated proteins.  相似文献   

17.
Monitoring of pesticides and veterinary drug residues is required to enforce legislation and guarantee food safety. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the prevailing technique for assessing both types of residues because LC offers a versatile and universal separation mechanism suitable for non-gas chromatography (GC) amenable and the majority of GC-amenable compounds. This characteristic becomes more relevant when LC is coupled to MS because the high sensitivity and specificity of the detector allows to apply generic sample preparation procedures, which simultaneously extract a wide variety of residues with different physico-chemical properties. Determination of metabolites and degradation products, non-target suspected screening of an increasing number of residues, and even unknowns identification are also becoming inherent LC-MS advantages thanks to the latest advances. For routine analysis and, in particular, for official surveillance purposes in food control, analytical methods properly validated following strict guidelines are needed. After a brief introduction and an outline of the legislation applicable around the world, aspects such as improvement of specificity of high-throughput methods, resolution and mass accuracy of identification strategies and quantitative accuracy are critically reviewed in this article. In them, extraction, separation and determination are emphasized. The main objective is to offer an assessment of the state of the art and identify research needs and future trends in determining pesticide and veterinary drug residues in food by LC-MS.  相似文献   

18.
A simple, sensitive, and selective method for the analysis of fluoxetine in plasma samples is described in this study. Stir bar sorptive extraction combined with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry has been successfully used in this procedure. Plasma samples were first submitted to protein precipitation with trichloroacetic acid, subjected to SBSE, and thereafter analyzed by LC-MS. The method presented specificity, linearity over the concentration range of 10–500 ng mL?1, precision, and adequate sensitivity for the determination of fluoxetine in plasma.  相似文献   

19.
刘敏  赵利霞  郭宝元  林金明 《色谱》2007,25(5):646-653
在线样品前处理液相色谱-质谱联用技术为体液中痕量小分子化合物提供了高灵敏度、高选择性和高通量的分析方法。该文以在线固相萃取柱为主线,总结了不同种类富集柱的特点及其近5年来在相关领域的应用,并简要介绍了在线液相色谱-质谱分析的流路系统。  相似文献   

20.
通过固相萃取-液相色谱-多级质谱(SPE-LC-MS/MS)联用技术和毒品胶体金免疫层析试剂盒检测法对13种中药及调味品样品中甲基苯丙胺及吗啡分别进行定量分析,依据LC-MS/MS检测结果,对毒品胶体金免疫层析试剂盒检测法进行可靠性评价。实验结果表明:型号1试剂盒对甲基苯丙胺和吗啡的特异性均不高,检测准确率分别为57.7%与78.8%;型号2试剂盒对甲基苯丙胺的特异性不足,准确率为73.1%,但对吗啡的检测准确率达到100%。在利用毒品胶体金免疫层析试剂盒进行毒品快速筛查时,应注重排除干扰因素以提高免疫胶体金层析试剂盒的检测准确度。  相似文献   

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