分子轨道法在环烷烃电离碎裂过程中的应用

本文利用自编的LCBO—MO(成键轨道线性组合分子轨道)法计算程序对五个环烷烃分子(C_4H_8、C_5H_(10)、C_6H_(12)、C_7H_(14)和C_8H_(16))的C—C骨架键断裂几率进行理论计算。与用Mclafferty质谱数据所估算的C—C骨架键的实验断裂几率进行比较,两者符合较好。     

分子轨道法在若干C_7脂肪酮异构体的质谱电离断裂过程中的应用

本文利用自编的LCBO—MO(成键轨道线性组合分子轨道)法计算程序,对若干C_7脂肪酮异构体的主要骨架键断裂几率进行理论计算。并与Abbatt等所提供的质谱实验数据进行比较,获得基本一致的定性结果。     

分子轨道法在C_6脂肪酮异构体电离碎裂过程中的应用

本文利用自编的成键轨道线性组合分子轨道法计算程序对四个C_6脂肪酮的C—C骨架键断裂几率进行理论计算。预测了酮的质谱碎裂,与实验谱图比较符合。     

键的选择性光激发是可能的吗? 兼答本刊征答(20)

大多数光化学反应的主要过程可以归结为:分子在光辐照下由基态变为电子激发态,随即发生分子核骨架的变化(如分子的重排或键的断裂等),从而生成预期的反应产物。如果辐照光的频率仅与分子振动能级的跃迁所需能量相匹配,引起的将是分子的振动激发。在大多数情况下,受激分子仍属于电子基态,不会发生光化学反应。可是当辐照光的能密度很大时,则有可能迫使分子同时或者连续地吸收多个光子,提升到高振动激发态,并有可能导致分子从电子基态跃迁到电子激发态,从而发生键的断裂或核骨架的重排。这种光化学反应在70年代曾被称为红外光化学反应,现在则更多地被称作振动光化学反应。这个领域由于大功率红外激光器的出现和有可能实现键的选择性激发,曾引起化学界的极大关注。     

量子化学基础(下)

六、共轭分子(HMO 法)即使用简单的 LCAO-MO 法处理比较复杂的多原子分子时,计算过程还是比较复杂的。E.休克尔曾经提出了一个简化的近似计算方法,称为 HMO 法。HMO法主要应用于π电子体系,即平面的共轭分子体系。休克尔法的基本假定是认为σ键电子和π键电子是互相独立的,即π键电子是在σ键所形成的分子骨架之     

H2NNO2裂解与重排反应的理论热力学动力学研究

硝胺化合物的N—N键断裂和硝基-亚硝基重排(>N—NO_2→>N—ONO)是一类重要的化学反应。最近Golden等重新测定了DMNA[(CH_3)_2NNO_22]消失的速度常数,认为其分解应包括N—N键断裂和硝基-亚硝基重排后的再分解等过程,并得到分子束实验的确认,但理论研究尚不多见。Melius和McKee等都曾对该类体系进行过量化计算,但结果并不令人满意。Saxon等取其模型体系H_2NNO_2进行量化计算,似可定性说明其断裂、重排     

邻近C-H键对中心金属原子的配位作用—[Fe(PH3)3(C8H13)]+的定域分子轨道研究

采用INDO方法计算了{Fe[P(OMe)_3]_3(C_8H_(13))}~+的简化离子[Fe(PH_3)_3(C_8H_(13))]~+,将正则分子轨道用Edmiston-Ruedenberg定域化方法变换为定域分子轨道,结果表明:在对应C_1-H_(1A)键的定域分子轨道中,明显包含有铁原子轨道成分(7.8％),Fe-H_(1A)和Fe—C_1键级分别为0.190和0.302。指出C_1-H_(1A)键是以一对成键σ电子配位到铁原子上的。C_8H_(13)环以包含三个碳原子的η~4—共轭体系与铁原子相互作用。铁以二价(d~6-Fe(Ⅱ)的形式存在于该离子中。C_1-H_(1A)键的配位满足了文献[15]提出的Fe(Ⅱ)的共价12价。     

谈键能、键级、能态与分子的化学反应活性的关系问题

关于键能、键级、能态与分子的化学活性的关系,目前还存在一些较模糊的看法。例如,有人认为键能越高,则含有该键的分子越稳定。进而认为键极越高,分子越稳定。从概念上说,键能是使某化学键断裂成为基态原子或自由基所需要的能量(以1摩尔化学键计算),它主要反映在分子热稳定性方     

煤显微组分分子结构模型的量子化学研究

采用分子力学和半经验量子化学方法，研究了神木煤显微组分的分子结构模型，比较了镜质组和惰质组分子模型的能量构成、不同类型键的键长和键裂解能。研究结果表明，扭转能和范德华能是分子中的主要作用力，取代基对体系能量有明显影响，烷基取代基使体系能量增加，而苯基取代基使体系能量降低；脂肪C—C键长比芳香C—C键长长，说明脂肪C—C在受热过程中比芳香C—C更容易断裂分解。对各键裂解能的计算结果表明，Car—Cal键的裂解能高于Cal—Cal，Car—O醚键的裂解能高于Cal—O醚键。而惰质组结构模型中除C—O醚键外，各键的裂解能均高于镜质组，说明惰质组结构模型比镜质组有较高的热稳定性。     

铜催化N—O键断裂策略研究进展

N—O键断裂反应是向化合物中引入含氮、氧官能团的有效策略之一.铜催化剂来源丰富,价格便宜,铜催化剂在有机合成中占有不可替代的地位.铜催化的N—O断裂,由于具有反应条件温和、官能团兼容性好、原子经济性高等优点,在有机合成中被广泛应用于构建C—N和C—O键.N—O键的断裂策略在复杂天然产物及药物分子的合成中都有成功的应用.综述了近些年来铜金属催化N—O断裂的新策略及N—O断裂策略在天然产物和药物分子合成中的应用.     

Molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor for the sensitive detection of glyphosate herbicide

A sensitive electrochemical molecularly imprinted sensor was developed for the detection of glyphosate (Gly), by electropolymerisation of p-aminothiophenol-functionalised gold nanoparticles in the presence of Gly as template molecule. The extraction of the template leads to the formation of cavities that are able to specifically recognise and bind Gly through hydrogen bonds between Gly molecules and aniline moieties. The performance of the developed sensor for the detection of Gly was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry using a hexacyanoferrate/hexacyanoferrite solution as redox probe, the electron transfer rate increasing when concentration of Gly increases, due to a p-doping effect. The molecularly imprinted sensor exhibits a broad linear range, between 1 pg/L and 1 µg/L and a quantification limit of 0.8 pg/L. The selectivity of the proposed sensor was investigated towards the binding of Gly metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid, revealing excellent selectivity towards Gly. The developed sensor was successfully applied to detect Gly in tap water samples.     

1H and 13C NMR study of phosphopeptides: 2—Ac–PSer–Gly,Ala–PSer–Gly and Gly–PSer–Phe

¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra of AC–PSer–Gly, Ala–PSer–Gly and Gly–PSer–Phe have been measured and analysed as a function of pD. The NMR parameters of the PSeryl side chain are a function of the sequence. The second titration step of the phosphate group (pK₂ = 5.7) is much more difficult to detect in Ac–PSer–Gly and Ala–PSer–Gly than in Gly–PSer–Phe. The conformation in which H-α? C-α? C-β? O? P forms a planar W-type arrangement predominates only for Ala–PSer–Gly. In the other two phosphopeptides the gauche conformations contribute increasingly, in particular for Gly–PSer–Phe.     

Triphenylstibine oxide–phosphorus(V) sulfide as a novel condensation catalyst system: application to the synthesis of dipeptides

Triphenylstibine oxide (Ph₃SbO) and phosphorus(V) sulfide (P₄S₁₀) synergistically catalyzed the aminolysis of N-protected amino-acids with amino-acid esters in benzene. Ph₃SbO accelerated both the initial conversion of carboxylic moieties into the corresponding thiocarboxylic moieties by P₄S₁₀ and the subsequent aminolysis of the resulting thiocarboxylic acids. Thus, dipeptides such as Z–A–A′–OEt (where Z = PhCH₂OC(O)– and A,A′ = Ala,Gly; Gly,Gly; Leu,Gly; Phe,Gly; Phe,Leu;Ser,Gly; Val,Gly, respectively) were conveniently prepared even at 35°C.     

Thermosensitive gel formation of novel polypeptides containing a collagen‐derived Pro‐Hyp‐Gly sequence and an elastin‐derived Val‐Pro‐Gly‐Val‐Gly sequence

A triple‐helix‐forming collagen model peptide, (prolyl‐trans‐4‐hydroxyprolyl‐glycyl)₁₀ [(Pro‐Hyp‐Gly)₁₀], and a thermosensitive elastin‐derived pentapeptide, valyl‐prolyl‐glycyl‐valyl‐glycyl (Val‐Pro‐Gly‐Val‐Gly), were copolymerized in various mole ratios using 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐carbodiimide hydrochloride and 1‐hydroxybenzotriazole in dimethyl sulfoxide at 20 °C. All of the obtained polypeptides have molecular weight higher than 10³ and contain a triple‐helical structure, and showed an inverse phase transition from transparent solution to turbid suspension in response to a rise in temperature. The lower critical solution temperature of the polypeptide solution decreased upon increasing the content of Val‐Pro‐Gly‐Val‐Gly. Furthermore, polypeptides containing 82–86 mol % of Val‐Pro‐Gly‐Val‐Gly in composition showed reversible gel formation, suggesting that (Pro‐Hyp‐Gly)₁₀ acts as a hydrated unit and Val‐Pro‐Gly‐Val‐Gly acts as a thermosensitive crosslinking point. These biodegradable thermosensitive polypeptides may be useful for biomedical applications, including, as a scaffold for tissue regeneration. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 6048–6056, 2005     

L-谷氨酸、甘氨酸二元、三元体系中铽(Ⅲ)、钙(Ⅱ)的化学形态研究

在模拟生理条件下 (37℃ ,I=0 .1 5mol/ L Na Cl) ,用 p H电位法研究了铽 ( )、钙 ( )与 L-谷氨酸、甘氨酸二元、三元体系。确定了体系存在的物种 ,测定了体系中配合物的稳定常数。讨论了上述二元、三元体系中铽 ( )、钙 ( )的物种分布特点。     

Study of Factors Affecting the Performance of Voltammetric Copper Sensors Based on Gly‐Gly‐His Modified Glassy Carbon and Gold Electrodes

This paper reports a study of the factors affecting the analytical performance of gold and glassy carbon electrodes modified with the tripeptide Gly‐Gly‐His for the detection of copper ions. Gly‐Gly‐His is attached to a glassy carbon (GC) surface modified with 4‐carboxyphenyl moieties or a gold surface modified with 3‐mercaptopropionic acid by the reaction of the N‐terminal amine group of the peptide with the carboxylic acid groups of the monolayer via carbodiimide activation. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterize the steps in the biosensor fabrication. It was found that the analytical performance of a sensor prepared with Gly‐Gly‐His on a GC electrode was similar to that on a gold electrode under the same conditions. The performance was greatly enhanced at higher temperature, no added salt during copper accumulation and longer accumulation time within a pH range of 7–9. Interference studies and investigations of stability of the Gly‐Gly‐His sensor are reported. Analysis of natural water samples show that the sensors measure only copper ions that can complex at the sensor surface. Strongly complexed copper in natural water is not measured. Despite greater stability of diazonium salt derived monolayers on carbon surfaces compared with alkanethiols self‐assembled monolayers on gold, the stability of the sensors was essentially the same regardless of the modification procedure.     

Synthesis of regular polypeptides including L-lysine and glycine

Chemistry of Natural Compounds - The synthesis of two regular polypeptides with the composition (—Gly—L-Lys—Gly)n and (—L-Lys—L-Lys—Gly—)n with molecular...     

Effect of excess electron and one water molecule on relative stability of the canonical and zwitterionic tautomers of glycine

The anionic and neutral complexes of glycine with water were studied at at the coupled cluster level of theory with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations. The most stable neutral complex has a relatively small dipole moment (1.74 D) and does not bind an electron. Other neutral complexes involve a polar conformer of canonical glycine and support dipole-bound anionic states. The most stable anion is characterized by an electron vertical detachment energy of 1576 cm(-1), in excellent agreement with the experimental result of 1573 cm(-1). The (Gly.H(2)O)(-) complex supports local minima, in which the zwitterionic glycine is stabilized by one water and one excess electron. They are, however, neither thermodynamically nor kinetically stable with respect to the dipole-bound states based on the canonical tautomers of glycine. The electron correlation contributions to excess electron binding energies are important, in particular, for nonzwitterionic complexes. Our results indicate that the condensation energies for Gly((0,-))+H(2)O-->(Gly.H(2)O)((0,-)) are larger than the adiabatic electron affinity of Gly.H(2)O. The above results imply that collisions of Gly(-) with H(2)O might effectively remove Gly(-) from the ion distribution. This might explain why formation of Gly(-) and (Gly.H(2)O)(-) is very sensitive to source conditions. We analyzed shifts in stretching mode frequencies that develop upon formation of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds and an excess electron attachment. The position of the main peak and a vibrational structure in the photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of (Gly.H(2)O)(-) are well reproduced by our theoretical results.     

Cyclopeptides and Amides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Caryophyllaceae)

From the roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, three cyclopeptides and three amides were isolated, besides heterophyllin A and B. Their structures were determined as cyclo (Ala‐Gly‐Pro‐Val‐Tyr‐) (heterophyllin J; 1 ), cyclo (Ala‐Gly‐Pro‐Tyr‐Leu‐) (pseudostellarin A; 2 ), cyclo (Gly‐Gly‐Gly‐Pro‐Pro‐Phe‐Gly‐Ile‐) (pseudostellarin B; 3 ), methyl γ‐hydroxypyroglutamate ( 4 ), methyl pyroglutamate ( 5 ), and pyroglutamic acid ( 6 ) on the basis of spectral data, especially 2D‐NMR data. Among them, compounds 1 and 4 are new compounds.     

Side‐chain glycylglycine‐based polymer for simultaneous sensing and removal of copper(II) from aqueous medium

Since glycylglycine (Gly‐Gly) residue in the N‐terminal region of human prion protein, a copper binding protein, binds with Cu(II), N‐terminus Gly‐Gly side‐chain containing water soluble block copolymer was synthesized and used for simultaneous sensing and removal of Cu(II) ion from aqueous medium. The polymer has amide nitrogen atom and ester carbonyl group as potential binding sites in the side‐chain Gly‐Gly pendants. Job's plot experiment confirms 2:1 binding stoichiometry of polymer with Cu(II). This polymer is able to sense parts per billion level of Cu(II) very selectively in an aqueous medium and remove Cu(II) ions quantitatively by precipitating out the Cu(II) via complex formation in the pH range 7–9. The binding mode of polymer with Cu(II) in polymer‐Cu(II) complex was characterized by ¹H NMR, FTIR, and UV–vis spectroscopy. The attachment of Cu(II) in the polymer‐Cu(II) complex was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry experiment. Cu(II) release from the complex was achieved at pH 5 due to the protonation of amide nitrogen atoms in the Gly‐Gly moiety. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 914–921