全国高等学校结构化学教学研讨会纪要

受高等学校化学教育研究中心委托,由福州大学化学学院承办、宁德师范学院化学系协办的全国高等学校结构化学教学研讨会于2014年9月19～21日在宁德师范学院召开。来自北京大学、厦门大学、兰州大学、南京大学、吉林大学、武汉大学、山东大学、北京师范大学、华中师范大学、陕西师范大学、湖南大学、中国农业大学、西北大学、河北大学、内蒙古大学、闽南师范大学、福州大学和宁德师范学院等18所高等院校及高等教育出版社的30多名代表出席了本次研讨会。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定天然水体中19种元素

建立STD/KED模式-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法同时测定天然水体中铍、硼、钛、钒、铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、钼、镉、锑、钡、铊、铅、铁、砷和硒19种元素的分析方法。仪器调谐校准后,样品在线加入锂、钪、铑、铋校准溶液校正,以标准曲线内标法定量分析。标准曲线相关系数均大于0.999,样品加标回收率为92.6%～103.6%,质控样品测定值相对标准偏差为0.20%～2.6%(n=6),方法检出限为0.01～0.70μg/L。该方法灵敏度高,操作简便,节省人力,能满足天然水体中19种元素的同时检测需要。     

野生和种植翅果油树果实中微量元素的分析比较

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对野生和种植翅果油树不同形状果实的果仁、果皮、果壳中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mg、Ca、K、Na、Mn 8种微量元素进行了分析比较.结果显示:在果仁果皮果壳中,8种微量元素的含量是K＞Mg＞Ca＞Fe＞Na＞Zn＞Mn＞Cu,其中果仁的Cu、Zn、Mg含量高.在果仁中Zn、Mg、K、Na、Mn是野生＞种...     

成人男性发中超微量元素与体质量的关联性

研究的主要目的在探讨成人男性发中超微量元素与身体质量指数,以及年龄的相关性。总共55位男性参与此项研究。受试者依据身体质量指数区分为三个族群:正常体质量组、过重组、与肥胖组。采检受试者头枕部毛发,利用ICP-MS测量超微量元素的含量,包括金、银、镓、锗、镧、铂、铷、锑、铊、钨、锆。研究结果显示,(1)发中铷、锑、铊、钨、锆含量与体质量,和/或身体质量指数呈显著相关性;(2)发中镧含量与体质量、身体质量指数、与年龄呈显著相关性;(3)发中金、镓、锗、铂、与钨含量与人体计测各变数并无相关性。     

蔬菜搭配与微量元素

人们都想了解和掌握必需微量元素和宏量元素含量丰富又配合较为均衡的蔬菜。据研究发现,在日常生活所食用的蔬菜中,含人体必需宏量元素和微量元素中等量同时配食较为均衡的蔬菜有20多种,它们是：白萝卜、胡萝卜、小白菜、小青菜、油菜、蕹菜、白茱苔、蒜苗、油角豆、马兰头、韭菜、苦瓜、芪椰菜、莴苣笋《茎》、山药、芦笋、蒜苔、藕、红辣椒、青辣椒等,这些蔬菜所含的人体必需微量元素如：Fe、zn、cu、se等和人体必需宏量元素如K、Na、Ca、Mg等的含量都是比较均衡的,为人们日常调配饮食,     

《合成化学》征稿简则节选

正一.来稿要求及注意事项1.文稿应论点明确、文字精炼、数据可靠。2.文稿应按如下顺序安排:分别以中文和英文表述的标题、作者姓名与单位、邮政编码、中图分类号、详细摘要(包括研究目的、研究背景、研究方法、结果与讨论等内容)及关键词(3个~8个),正文(中文或英文,图题和表题要求中、英文对照)、参考文献。文后请附主要作者简介(姓名、出生年、性别、民族、籍贯、职称、学位、简历或研究方向);基金资助     

农药残留限量4项国标发布

国家标准化管理委员会不久前发布关于茶叶、叶菜类蔬菜、苹果、梨的4项标准。这些国标分别是：《茶叶中甲基毒死蜱、毒死蝉、二嗪磷、倍硫磷、乙酰甲胺磷、甲胺磷、伏杀硫磷最大残留限量》、《叶菜类蔬菜中甲基毒死蜱最大残留限量》、《叶菜类蔬菜中氯氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯和联苯菊酯最大残留限量》、《苹果、梨中氯氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯和联苯菊酯最大残留限量》。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定纯银中镉、铋、铁、铅、锑、钯、硒、碲

样品用硝酸溶解,加入过量盐酸沉淀分离银,过滤后利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镉、铋、铁、铅、锑、钯、硒、碲,方法检出限分别为:0.0028,0.0075,0.0036,0.011,0.010,0.021,0.0075,0.0039μg/mL;加标回收率为98.1%～114.3%;RSD小于4.2%,方法能同时准确测定镉、铋、铁、铅、锑、钯、硒、碲,满足日常分析要求。     

《分析测试学报》征订启事

邮发代号:46-104《分析测试学报》是由中国广州分析测试中心、中国分析测试协会共同主办的全国性学术刊物,中文核心期刊。刊登质谱学、光谱学、色谱学、波谱学、电化学、电子显微学等方面的分析测试新理论、新方法、新技术的研究成果,介绍新仪器装置及在生物、医药、化学化工、商检、食品检验等方面实用性强的实验技术。适合科研院所、     

分析化学简明手册

(ISBN978-7-122-07476-8)该书对常用分析方法的基本原理、仪器设备、工作条件和应用领域进行了全面系统的介绍,包括化学基础知识、定性分析、重量分析、滴定分析、电化学分析方法、分子光谱分析、原子光谱分析、X射线光谱分析、色谱法、其他谱学分析方法     

Analytical strategies to determine antibiotic residues in fish

The accelerated growth of aquaculture has resulted in a series of harmful effects to human health. The widespread and unrestricted use of antibiotics in this industry, to prevent bacterial infections, leads to remaining amounts in the aquatic environment. This has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aquaculture environments, in the increase in antibiotic resistance in fish pathogens as well as in the transfer of these resistance determinants to human pathogens. Moreover, the use of large amounts of antibiotics may lead to the presence of residual antibiotics in fish tissue and fish products. Fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, penicillins, sulphonamides and other antibiotics, exhibiting activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, are widely used for the treatment and prevention of diseases in fish. An extended and comprehensive review on the recent analytical methodologies concerning antibiotic residues in fish reported in the literature is provided in the present article. Emphasis is given on sample preparation regarding isolation and purification, chromatographic conditions and method validation according to legislation. Results of published assays are comparatively presented and criticised.     

脱发白发与微量元素关系研究

利用火焰原子吸收法测定了中国银行韶关节市分行４５８名职工头发中Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ，Ｃａ含量，运用统计学方法求出该人群中正常者与白发，脱发者Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，ＺｎＣａ的特征含量，通过数据比较可看出，白发者Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ，Ｃａ的含量均低于正常组，而脱发者与正常组较接近，经相关性检验，证明了Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ，Ｃａ偏低的血发存在的相关性，与脱发没有相关性，经过性别比对，女性发中Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｚｎ，Ｃａ含量均高于男     

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometric (ICP/MS) Determination of Thallium in Soils and Winter Rapeseeds

Abstract

The ICP/MS method with lutetium, bismuth and indium as internal standards was used for the determination of thallium and other elements, i.e. Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Mo, Cd, As and Pb, in soils and rapeseeds. Samples were collected in two thallium highly pedogeochemicaily contaminated areas situated in South Bohemia and in Czech-Moravian Highlands, in two river alluvia, in two control sites with low levels of TI and in one spot with anthropogenic contamination. Levels higher than 2.5 mg kg^?1 have been found in rapeseeds in the highly polluted areas (c. 2.8 mg kg^?1 in soils). High correlation coefficients, r > 0.81, between content of TI in top- and sub-soils and rapeseeds were obtained. Thallium concentrations exceed twice of Pb content and by one order of magnitude of Cd amounts. This finding are very important because of the high toxicity of TI and the absence of threshold limits for TI in soils, agricultural products and foodstuffs in the Czech Republic.     

汉中青少年头发5种元素的分析

用原子吸收光谱法测定了陕西汉中地区２６６例健康男女青少年头发中５种金属元素的含量。并进行了直线相关回分析。结果表明,青春期女性头发中的铜,锌、铁、钙,镁５种元素的含量皆明显高于同年龄段男性;Ｃａ与Ｍｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ元素含量之间有不同程度的相关。     

Sol-gel Transition of Methylcellulose Solution in the Coexistence of Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide and Sodium Chloride

The sol-gel transition of methylcellulose (MC) solution in the presence of NaCl and hexade-cyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB), together with MC/NaCl solution in the presence of HTAB and MC/HATB solution in the presence of NaCl, was investigated by the rheolog-ical measurements. It has been found that the sol-gel transition temperature of MC solution decreases linearly with the concentration of NaCl in solution but increases linearly with the concentration of HTAB in solution, respectively. However, the sol-gel transition temperature of MC/NaCl solution in the presence of HTAB keeps the same value, independent of theconcentration of HTAB in solution. On the other hand, the sol-gel transition temperature of MC/HTAB solution decreases linearly with the concentration of NaCl in solution. The experimental results suggest that, for MC/NaCl solution in the presence of HTAB, the salt-induced spherical micelles of HTAB should have formed in bulk solution. For MC solution in the absence of NaCl, no spherical micelles have been formed in bulk solution, though the concentration of HTAB in our experiment is almost one order of magnitude higher than the critical micelle concentration of HTAB in polymer-free solution. In fact, due to adsorption of HTAB on MC chains, the realconcentration of HTAB in bulk solution, is much less than the apparent concentration of HTAB dissolved in MC solution.     

应用Diels-Alder反应制备聚合物的研究进展

由于Diels-Alder反应具有一系列重要特点(原子经济性、热可逆性、立体选择性、立体专一性和区域选择性等),自从1928年被发现以来,该反应就一直是人们研究的热点。将其应用于聚合物的合成中,可制备一些具有特殊性能的Diels-Alder聚合物,人们在这方面作了大量的研究工作,取得了许多研究成果。本文首先根据不同的分类标准,对应用Diels-Alder反应制备聚合物的研究进行了分类,然后结合本课题组的相关研究工作,综述了近年来人们在该领域的研究进展,最后展望了其研究前景。     

Research progress of graphene-based nanomaterials for the environmental remediation

Graphene is a two-dimensional nanomaterial with huge surface area,high carrier mobility and high mechanical strength.Because of its great potential in nanotechnology and environmental protection,it has attracted much attention in environmental and energy fields since its discovery in 2004.Although graphene is a star material,many reviews have introduced its use in terms of energy,the research progress in the field of environment,especially water pollution control,has been rarely reported.Here,we review exhaustively the research progress of graphene-based materials in environmental pollution remediation in the past ten years.Firstly,the advantages and classification of graphene were introduced.Secondly,the research progress and main achievements of graphene and its composites in the fields of photocatalytic degradation,pollutant adsorption and water treatment were emphatically described,and the mechanism of action in the above fields was summarized.Finally,we discuss the problems existing in the preparation and summarize the application of graphene in the environment.     

广州地区健康人血清中微量元素正常值的研究

用ICP发射光谱法对广州地区幼年、少年、青年、成年及老年组男女健康人390例血清中的Ba、Cr、Mg、Mn、Sr、Zn、Fe、Cu和Ca等元素进行测定．采用中位数确定各元素的正常值．除幼年组的钙、成年组的铁音量是男性高于女性，老年组的铜女性高于男性，并存在着显著性差异外，其它元素的含量在各个年龄组上，除不同性别可能略有差别外，均不存在显著性差异。     

Environmental aspects of tributyltin

The tributyltin species, the active ingredient in some antifouling paint formulations, is perhaps the most acutely toxic chemical to aquatic organisms ever deliberately introduced to water. It has been demonstrated to have an adverse effect on shellfish in France and England, and as a consequence the use of tributyltin-containing antifouling paints has been restricted in these countries. Other countries have banned the use of tributyltin-containing antifouling paints or are contemplating restrictions. This article reviews such environmental aspects of tributyltin as methods of analysis, toxicity, environmental occurrence, persistence and fate. Tributyltin concentrations in many locations may be high enough to cause chronic toxicity or harmful effects in some aquatic organisms, and in some locations the tributyltin concentrations may be high enough to be acutely toxic to some organisms. Biological degradation of tributyltin in water and sediment appears to be the most important factor limiting the persistence of tributyltin in aquatic environments. To some degree, then, the persistence of tributyltin in aquatic environments depends upon the nature of the ecosystem. Tributyltin exhibits low-to-medium persistence in water and moderate persistence in sediment. A summary is given of the regulatory status of tributyltin in some countries, and recommendations are made for further research.