裂解气相色谱-质谱联用法对桔梗浸膏的热裂解产物分析

采用在线热裂解气相色谱-质谱法(Py-GC-MS)法研究了桔梗浸膏热裂解性质.在氦气氛围中,将桔梗浸膏分别在不同温度下进行热裂解,并以气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对其裂解产物进行定性和半定量分析,并用桔梗浸膏进行了卷烟加香试验.结果表明:桔梗浸膏在300,450,600,750,900℃裂解温度下检测到的挥发性热裂解产物分别达20种、33种、48种、46种和46种;桔梗浸膏具有改善和修饰卷烟吸味、丰满烟气、减轻刺激性的作用.桔梗浸膏添加到卷烟中能明显的提高卷烟抽吸品质.     

Py-GC/MS分析烟用添加剂黄芩浸膏的热裂解产物

采用在线热裂解气相色谱-质谱法(Py-GC/MS)法研究了黄芩浸膏热裂解行为。在氦气氛围中,将黄芩浸膏分别在300、450、600、750和900℃下进行热裂解,并以GC/MS对其裂解产物进行定性和半定量分析,并用黄芩浸膏进行了卷烟加香试验。结果表明:①黄芩浸膏在这一系列裂解温度下检测到的挥发性热裂解产物分别为12种、19种、40种、55种和46种;②黄芩浸膏低温区(300℃～450℃)裂解后产生大量醛类、酮类、酯类和呋喃类物质,这些物质是构成卷烟香味的重要物质,能改善卷烟吸味、减轻刺激性;③在高温区(750℃～900℃)产生大量的芳香族化合物,如苯、甲苯、乙苯、萘等。该研究为香味物质在卷烟燃烧过程中的挥发性物质提供了例证。     

裂解气相色谱-质谱联用法对香叶醇的热裂解产物分析

采用裂解气相色谱-质谱法(Py-GC-MS)研究了香叶醇热裂解性质。以氦气为载气,将香叶醇样品分别在不同温度(300,400,500,600,650,700,800℃)下进行热裂解,将热解产物直接引入气相色谱-质谱仪进行定性和半定量分析。结果表明:在700℃时香叶醇完全裂解,裂解产物可达87种。根据主要的裂解产物和其相对含量的变化对香叶醇裂解机理进行初步探讨,为香叶醇在卷烟中的作用评价提供重要的理论依据。     

麻浆卷烟纸热裂解产物的气相色谱/质谱分析

采用热失重(TG)和裂解气相色谱/质谱法(PyGC/MS)研究了麻浆卷烟纸的热裂解行为.在He气气氛围中,将麻浆卷烟纸分别在400、500、600、700、800和900℃下进行热裂解,并以GC/MS对其裂解产物进行定性和半定量分析.结果表明,不同的裂解温度直接影响生成产物的类型和相对含量.麻浆卷烟纸可裂解出1-甲基-1,3-环戊二烯、2-甲基呋喃、2,3-二氢香豆酮、苯和甲苯等156种产物.低温下,裂解产物主要为烯类、呋喃类和酮类化合物;随着裂解温度的增加,烯、酮类的含量下降,苯及其衍生物和稠环芳烃的含量逐渐增加.可通过降低卷烟燃烧温度来降低卷烟纸裂解产生的有害成分含量.如果单纯考虑麻浆卷烟纸的影响,卷烟的最佳燃烧温度应控制在500℃左右.     

热裂解气相色谱-质谱法联用测定卷烟中烯烃类化合物释放量

卷烟样品在不同温度(400,600,800,1 000,1 200℃)下裂解后,用气相色谱-质谱法测定卷烟中烯烃类化合物的释放量。结果表明:有害性烯烃类化合物的释放量随热裂解温度的升高而增多;当热裂解温度为600℃时,烯烃类香味物质的累计释放量达到最大值。因此,当卷烟燃烧温度在600℃附近,烟气中有害产物的释放量将大幅减少,并保持清香香气的丰满度。     

在线热裂解/气相色谱-质谱分析3-吡啶甲酸茴香酯的热裂解产物

采用在线热裂解/气相色谱-质谱(Py/GC-MS)联用技术对3-吡啶甲酸茴香酯进行热裂解分析。通过酰氯化和酯化反应合成了新型目标化合物3-吡啶甲酸茴香酯,其分子式为C14H14NO3。目标化合物的结构经核磁氢谱(1H NMR)、核磁碳谱(13C NMR)、红外光谱(IR)和高分辨质谱(HRMS)进行确证,并通过热重-微热重-差示扫描量热(TG-DTG-DSC)分析方法对目标化合物的热稳定性进行分析。在空气氛围中,将目标化合物分别于300,600,900℃下进行热裂解,并通过气相色谱-质谱法对其挥发性热裂解产物进行定性和半定量分析。研究显示:目标化合物共经历了两次失重过程。第一次失重在129.9~158.9℃之间,失重2.3%;第二次失重在158.9~274.9℃之间,失重达90.1%,230.1℃时失重率最大。热裂解共产生44种产物,包括具有香味特征的大茴香醛、对甲基苯酚、松油醇、D-香茅醇、大茴香醚和茴香醚等化合物。其中裂解温度对裂解产物的种类和相对含量具有明显影响。300℃时α-二去氢菖蒲烯的相对含量最高,600,900℃时,相对含量最高的分别是大茴香醛和对甲基苯酚。苯甲醛、茴香醚和大茴香醚的相对含量随着温度的升高呈先增加后降低趋势;而对甲基苯酚含量则随着温度的升高而增加。根据主要裂解产物及其相对含量的变化,对目标化合物的裂解机理进行了初步探讨。     

热裂解气相色谱-质谱联用法研究丁香花蕾油的热裂解行为

在模拟卷烟点燃过程的条件下对丁香花蕾油进行了热裂解,以气相色谱一质谱法测定其在不同温度(300,600,900℃)下的裂解产物.结果表明:300℃时释放出主要成分子丁香酚,f}.石竹烯和乙酰丁香酚酯,总合量高达92.94%;在600℃时其主要成分子丁香酚发生大量裂解,并且产生少量有害物质;在900℃时子丁香酚完全裂解,且产生大量有害物质,根据主要的裂解产物和其相对含量的变化对丁香花蕾油的裂解机理进行初步探讨,为香精在卷烟中的作用评价提供重要的理论依据.     

废弃印刷电路板材料裂解产物的高分辨裂解气相色谱-质谱分析

采用高分辨裂解气相色谱-质谱法(PyGC-MS)分析了FR-4型印刷电路板粉末样品的裂解产物。在氦气氛围中,分别在350,450,550,650和750 ℃下对印刷电路板粉末样品进行热裂解,并通过毛细管气相色谱-质谱对裂解产物进行分析,研究了不同裂解温度下裂解产物分布以及主要裂解产物的产率与裂解温度的关系,根据热分解产物的组成,探讨了热分解反应机理。     

TGA和Py-GC/MS研究不同氛围下烟草的热失重和热裂解行为

应用热重红外联用技术(TG-FTIR)和热裂解气相色谱-质谱联用技术(Py-GC/MS)对卷烟烟丝的热失重和热裂解行为及其裂解产物进行研究.采用热重分析法测定不同气氛下卷烟样品的热失重(TG)、微商热重(DTG)曲线,以及热裂解过程中H2O、CO2、CO、NH3和CH4等气体物质的释放量.结果表明,裂解气氛不同可以显著...     

热裂解气相色谱-质谱法对聚四氟乙烯涂层的热裂解产物分析

提出了热裂解气相色谱-质谱法(Py-GC-MS)研究聚四氟乙烯涂层的热裂解性质。采用管炉型热裂解装置和不锈钢毛细管柱,根据样品的复杂程度进行分阶段释放气体分析,得到聚四氟乙烯涂层不同热裂解阶段的释放气体色谱图。结果表明:聚四氟乙烯涂层在100～300℃热裂解温度下检测到的热裂解产物为1,4-二甲基-2,5-二乙基苯、异丙氧基苯胺、双酚A;在300～380℃热裂解温度下检测到的热裂解产物为苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、4,4′-二甲基苯胺;在380～460℃热裂解温度下检测到的热裂解产物为苯酚、苯胺、对氨基甲苯、二苯醚;在460～600℃热裂解温度下检测到的热裂解产物为四氟乙烯单体。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.