金自组膜免疫芯片的研制

用光刻掩膜真空沉积技术在石英晶片上沉积上一层 8列× 6行的金膜阵列 ,用金表面N 乙酰半胱氨酸分子自组装及EDC偶联技术将人IgG、兔IgG和鼠IgG固定在石英膜阵列上来制备免疫芯片。用FITC荧光标记兔抗羊IgG、夹心法可同时测定羊抗人IgG、羊抗兔IgG和羊抗鼠IgG。用样点荧光强度与空白比Rf 作定量指标。在抗体浓度 0 .5～ 1 0 0mg L内 ,Rf与抗体浓度的对数成线性关系。最低可检出 0 .5mg L的羊抗兔IgG。测定仅需样品 1 5 0 μL ,2～ 3h,适合于快速微量分析     

以3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺为底物的伏安酶联免疫分析体系研究

对 3 ,3′,5 ,5′ 四甲基联苯胺 (TMB) H2 O2 辣根过氧化物酶 (HRP)伏安酶联免疫分析体系进行了研究。HRP催化H2 O2 氧化TMB ,其氧化产物在汞电极上可以发生还原反应 ,在B R缓冲溶液中 ,-0 .76V(vs.SCE)处产生较为灵敏的伏安波。将此伏安波应用于测定HRP和HRP的标记物。测定HRP的线性范围为 6.0×1 0 - 1 1 ～ 5 .0× 1 0 - 9g mL ,检测限为 5 .0× 1 0 - 1 1 g mL。对该体系酶催化反应机理及产物的电极还原过程进行了探讨     

新型荧光光纤免疫磁珠流动分析系统研究(Ⅱ)

采用荧光素异硫氰酸酯 ( FITC)对新建立的荧光光纤免疫磁珠流动分析系统参数及性能进行了考察。不同泵速下测定流量的恒定性 ,其 RSD为 0 .2 3%～0 .76 % ( n=2 4 ) ;对 1× 1 0 -5～ 1× 1 0 -2 mol·L-1FITC溶液 ,线性相关系数 0 .986～ 0 .999;连续测定 1 2次 ,RSD为 0 .73%～ 0 .95% ;2 h内基线不产生飘移。     

流动注射化学发光免疫分析研究 Ⅱ.偶合反应测定HRP及其标记物

本文详细考查了壳质胺,多孔玻璃和粗孔硅胶作为流动注射免疫分析免疫反应器基质的可行性,在此基础上将HRP催化H_2Q_2氧化K_4Fe(CN)_6生成K_3Fe(CN)_6的反应,与H_2O_2和K_3Fe(CN)_6对luminol的共氧化化学发光反应相偶合首次提出了一种新的流动注射兔疫分析的最终检测手段,由于酶促反应与化学发光反应在检测系统的不同位置进行,因而这种方法克服了已报道的流动注射化学发光免疫分析不能协调酶催化和化学发光反应的最佳pH,底物与酶不能充分接触及载体对光的散射等缺点,具有灵敏度高、精密度好等优点,该方法测定HRP及其标记物检测限均可达f mol级,测定时间为1～2min,相对标准偏差为3.9%.     

基于滤纸微孔板的酶联免疫吸附测定方法研究

用光刻法在普通定量滤纸上制作出了疏水图案,得到了滤纸微孔板。将表面修饰后的SiO2微球负载在滤纸表面,以提高滤纸纤维吸附蛋白质的能力,基于此建立了以间接酶联免疫吸附法测定羊抗兔免疫球蛋白的方法。以酶标兔抗羊IgG为例,负载SiO2微球后,滤纸微孔板吸附该蛋白质的量提高了20%～700%;将SiO2负载法应用于羊抗兔IgG的检测时,可使信号增强20%～150%。在本实验条件下,测定羊抗兔IgG的线性范围为3×10-12～3×10-8mmol/孔。本方法使生物免疫试剂消耗量减少至3～5μL/孔、检测时间降至20 min/板、滤纸微孔板制作成本可低至约每板1.1美元,为研制准确、快速和低成本的疾病检测设备提供了新的思路和可能性。     

以葛根素为辣根过氧化物酶底物的新体系及其分析应用

以一种天然活性成分葛根素(Puerarin)为辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)底物建立了葛根素-辣根过氧化物酶-过氧化氢反应新体系. 在反应体系中 HRP 催化H₂O₂ 氧化葛根素(弱荧光)形成二聚体产物(强荧光), 该产物在315 nm 的激发光下能发射波长为478 nm的强荧光, 并且反应体系荧光强度增加与HRP量在一定浓度范围内呈线性相关. 根据此关系和竞争型免疫定量原理, 以兔布氏杆菌抗体为分析对象建立了基于葛根素的酶联荧光免疫传感分析新方法. 对葛根素性质的研究结果证实, 葛根素在空气中稳定、对温度稳定, 对H₂O₂＋HRP 敏感性优于传统底物如对羟基苯乙酸、Amplex Red和高香草酸. 优化了酶联荧光免疫传感分析方法的实验条件如HRP-BrAb 用量、温度等. 运用新体系测定了兔血清样品的布氏杆菌抗体, 该方法线性范围为1.3～120 ng/mL, 检测限为1.3 ng/mL (3σ), 相对标准偏差为3.8%.     

白藜芦醇作辣根过氧化物酶底物的布氏杆菌抗体酶联免疫传感器研究

一种纯天然产物白藜芦醇用作辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)底物。对其化学性质的研究证实,白藜芦醇在空气中较稳定,对HRP、H2O2的电化学响应性能优于传统HRP底物,对人体无毒害。白藜芦醇在HRP催化下可被H2O2氧化成醌,产物醌在电极上于-376 mV处可被还原,其电流的大小与HRP的浓试在一定浓度范围内呈线性相关。将兔布氏杆菌抗原包埋在石墨-石蜡基质中制备了测定兔布氏杆菌抗体的电化学酶联免疫传感器,该传感器测定兔布氏杆菌抗体的线性范围为3×10-4~1.65×10-2g/L;检出限为1×10-4g/L;RSD为4.6%。本方法制备免疫传感器的电化学性能稳定,抗原活性保持良好。     

MAP-H2O2-HRP伏安酶联免疫分析测定南方菜豆花叶病毒

提出间氨基酚(MAP)-H₂O₂-辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)伏安酶联免疫分析新体系,并用于南方菜豆花叶病毒(SBMV)的测定.以线性扫描二阶导数伏安法检测HRP催化H₂O₂氧化MAP的产物,用于游离HRP及SBMV的测定,灵敏度均高于经典的ELISA显色光度法.本法对HRP测定的线性范围为1.0×10^-8～1.0×10^-6g/L,检测限为3.8×10^-9g/L;对SBMV测定的线性范围为4.0～5000ng/mL,检测限为4.0ng/mL.用所建立的方法测定病毒感染病叶澄清液的最高稀释比为1∶1.5×10⁵,并与现行的ELISA显色光度法进行对照,二者相关性很好.     

普鲁士蓝增敏压电均相免疫分析法测定免疫球蛋白G

建立了普鲁士蓝增敏的均相压电免疫分析法,用于人尿液中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的检测.本方法以蛋白质为种子,形成蛋白质-普鲁士蓝粒子,该粒子不断“滚雪球”增大,使得压电检测信号明显放大.在pH 4.0、盐浓度0.1 mol/L,5 mmol/L FeC13,2.5 mmol/L K4Fe(CN)6(K4Fe(CN)6与蛋白浓度比≥5000),FeCl3加样速度为0.5 μL/s的优化条件下,IgG的检测范围为0～625 nmol/L;检出限为2.4 nmol/L.α1-微球蛋白,β2-微球蛋白、尿微量白蛋白均无明显干扰.本方法用于临床样本的IgG测定,并与免疫比浊法进行对比,两者结果一致,表明本方法可行.     

以变色酸2R为底物测定辣根过氧化物酶的研究

变色酸 2R(CT2R)是一种具有电化学活性的物质 ,在碱性条件下 ,该物质在滴汞电极上 - 6 6 0mV(vs.SCE)左右产生还原波 ,加入H2 O2 和辣根过氧化物酶 (HRP)后 ,该物质被氧化生成具有非电化学活性的物质 ,导致溶液中游离的CT2R浓度降低 ,相应还原波波高降低 ,HRP在一定含量范围内与伏安峰的降低值具有良好的线性关系。通过测定波高的降低值可测定HRP ,测定游离HRP的线性范围是 4 .0× 10 -5～ 4 .0× 10 -3 g/L。对酶促反应的动力学进行了研究 ,反应的米氏常数Km =1.38mmol/L ,最大反应速率Vmax=5 3.9nA/min。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.